Adsorption and mixed agglutination reactions detect A, B, and H blood group antigens in the cells. The study aimed to investigate the adsorbing abilities of group-specific polyclonal antibodies using erythrocytes and leukocytes to improve the quality of blood typing. The adsorption was performed with group B erythrocytes and leukocytes using the usual heated citrated anti-B plasma at 4 °C and 37 °C. A mixed agglutination reaction revealed group B antigens on leukocytes and erythrocytes. The highest adsorption of antibodies from usual plasma on erythrocytes was observed at 4 °C at physiological conditions. Weaker adsorption was determined at pH 8.0 compared to pH 6.0 (the decrease of agglutination strength from 3+ to 2+ and 1+ accordingly). The adsorption of polyclonal antibodies on erythrocytes at 37 °C was the highest at pH 6.0 and 8.0 compared to physiological conditions (the decrease of agglutination strength from 3+ to 1+). In contrast, adsorption at 4 °C appeared to be stronger at pH 6.0. The adsorption of IgG antibodies on erythrocytes at 37 °C was higher at pH 8.0. Complete adsorption of IgG antibodies was observed on group B erythrocytes and leukocytes at 37 °C and 4 °C. Adsorption of polyclonal group-specific antibodies on erythrocytes was the highest at 4 °C, and adsorption of IgG antibodies was strong at 4 °C and 37 °C. Adsorption of leukocytes was revealed only with the use of the heated serum. IgG group-specific antibodies from the heated plasma demonstrated higher adsorbing abilities on leukocytes than IgM antibodies from plasma.
{"title":"The Differences of Blood Group Typing using Erythrocytes and Leukocytes","authors":"Kravchun Pavlo, Leontyeva Frida, Povelichenko Olena, Dielievska Valentyna","doi":"10.2174/0102506882279058240106123702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0102506882279058240106123702","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Adsorption and mixed agglutination reactions detect A, B, and H blood group antigens in the cells.\u0000The study aimed to investigate the adsorbing abilities of group-specific polyclonal antibodies using erythrocytes and leukocytes to improve the\u0000quality of blood typing.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The adsorption was performed with group B erythrocytes and leukocytes using the usual heated citrated anti-B plasma at 4 °C and 37 °C. A mixed\u0000agglutination reaction revealed group B antigens on leukocytes and erythrocytes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The highest adsorption of antibodies from usual plasma on erythrocytes was observed at 4 °C at physiological conditions. Weaker adsorption was\u0000determined at pH 8.0 compared to pH 6.0 (the decrease of agglutination strength from 3+ to 2+ and 1+ accordingly).\u0000The adsorption of polyclonal antibodies on erythrocytes at 37 °C was the highest at pH 6.0 and 8.0 compared to physiological conditions (the\u0000decrease of agglutination strength from 3+ to 1+). In contrast, adsorption at 4 °C appeared to be stronger at pH 6.0.\u0000The adsorption of IgG antibodies on erythrocytes at 37 °C was higher at pH 8.0.\u0000Complete adsorption of IgG antibodies was observed on group B erythrocytes and leukocytes at 37 °C and 4 °C.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Adsorption of polyclonal group-specific antibodies on erythrocytes was the highest at 4 °C, and adsorption of IgG antibodies was strong at 4 °C\u0000and 37 °C. Adsorption of leukocytes was revealed only with the use of the heated serum. IgG group-specific antibodies from the heated plasma\u0000demonstrated higher adsorbing abilities on leukocytes than IgM antibodies from plasma.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508641,"journal":{"name":"New Emirates Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140493124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.2174/0102506882253845231229121626
M. Elgamal, Ahmed Ahmed
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is gradually gaining popularity. However, there is minimal scientific research exploring the clinical presentation of this highly complex disorder and the general understanding of such varying presentations by general practitioners and pediatric physicians. This study aims to explore the patterns of referral of patients with ASD to a tertiary hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and to understand better and analyze the general knowledge of referring physicians through their impression of the patient’s clinical presentation This is a retrospective descriptive study where all the data were collected electronically from past medical records and referral documents taken from Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital (AJCH). Patients who were referred were later assessed by the neurodevelopmental specialists using the NICE Guidelines. The data were analyzed statistically and described using different statistical tools. These results were then considered in light of the local clinician's needs for diagnostic support and the possibility of developing a national screening program for ASD. Within a sample of 90 referrals, 69 (76.7%) were predominantly male, 73 (81.1%) were Emirati nationals, and the majority fell within the age group of 0 to 5 years old. Of the 90 referred patients, 53 (58.9%) were diagnosed with ASD by neurodevelopmental specialists using the NICE Guidelines. Physicians were keen on picking up features of speech and language deficits, hyperactivity, and inappropriate or atypical behavior. However, they seemed hesitant and required further assessment when interpreting and reporting features revolving around social communicative skills, interaction and rapport, and evaluating patients’ ideas and imagination. Physicians practicing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are advised to assess the full range of clinical symptoms of ASD according to their respective categories as listed in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Furthermore, the Dubai Health Authority (DHA) has published the first edition document titled “Dubai Clinical Practice Guidelines for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Children and Adolescents,” designed to align physician recognition and practice with the government's objectives toward all individuals with ASD. Their achievement aligns with the goals of our study as it will make the clinical recognition of ASD clinically more sound and prevent misdiagnosis. Finally, the authors hope that this study aids in developing a national screening program dedicated to general practitioners and pediatric physicians in providing a structured assessment for ASD, which in return will result in early intervention by neurodevelopmental specialists for further diagnosis and management, ultimately improving the quality of life of the patients and their families.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种神经发育障碍，正逐渐受到人们的关注。然而，对于这种高度复杂的疾病的临床表现，以及全科医生和儿科医生对这种不同表现的普遍理解，却鲜有科学研究进行探讨。本研究旨在探讨阿联酋迪拜一家三级医院转诊 ASD 患者的模式，并通过转诊医生对患者临床表现的印象，更好地了解和分析转诊医生的一般知识。这是一项回顾性描述性研究，所有数据均通过电子方式从 Al Jalila 儿童专科医院（AJCH）的既往病历和转诊文件中收集。转诊患者随后由神经发育专家根据 NICE 指南进行评估。使用不同的统计工具对数据进行统计分析和描述。在 90 例转诊样本中，69 例（76.7%）以男性为主，73 例（81.1%）为阿联酋国民，年龄大多在 0-5 岁之间。在这 90 名转诊患者中，有 53 人（58.9%）被神经发育专家根据《国家神经发育指南》诊断为 ASD。医生们热衷于发现言语和语言障碍、多动、不恰当或不典型行为等特征，但在解释和报告与社会交际技能、互动和融洽关系以及评估患者的想法和想象力有关的特征时，他们显得犹豫不决，需要进一步评估。此外，迪拜卫生局（DHA）还发布了题为《迪拜儿童和青少年自闭症临床实践指南》（Dubai Clinical Practice Guidelines for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Children and Adolescents）的第一版文件，旨在使医生的认识和实践与政府对所有自闭症患者的目标保持一致。最后，作者希望这项研究能够帮助制定一项全国性的筛查计划，专门为全科医生和儿科医生提供自闭症的结构化评估，这将有助于神经发育专家进行早期干预，进一步诊断和管理自闭症，最终提高患者及其家庭的生活质量。
{"title":"Patterns of Referral and Clinical Presentation of Autism Spectrum Disorder in\u0000Children at Al Jalila Children Specialty Hospital: A Retrospective Descriptive\u0000Study","authors":"M. Elgamal, Ahmed Ahmed","doi":"10.2174/0102506882253845231229121626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0102506882253845231229121626","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is gradually gaining popularity. However, there is minimal scientific\u0000research exploring the clinical presentation of this highly complex disorder and the general understanding of such varying presentations by general\u0000practitioners and pediatric physicians.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aims to explore the patterns of referral of patients with ASD to a tertiary hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and to understand\u0000better and analyze the general knowledge of referring physicians through their impression of the patient’s clinical presentation\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This is a retrospective descriptive study where all the data were collected electronically from past medical records and referral documents taken\u0000from Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital (AJCH). Patients who were referred were later assessed by the neurodevelopmental specialists using\u0000the NICE Guidelines. The data were analyzed statistically and described using different statistical tools. These results were then considered in light\u0000of the local clinician's needs for diagnostic support and the possibility of developing a national screening program for ASD.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Within a sample of 90 referrals, 69 (76.7%) were predominantly male, 73 (81.1%) were Emirati nationals, and the majority fell within the age\u0000group of 0 to 5 years old. Of the 90 referred patients, 53 (58.9%) were diagnosed with ASD by neurodevelopmental specialists using the NICE\u0000Guidelines. Physicians were keen on picking up features of speech and language deficits, hyperactivity, and inappropriate or atypical behavior.\u0000However, they seemed hesitant and required further assessment when interpreting and reporting features revolving around social communicative\u0000skills, interaction and rapport, and evaluating patients’ ideas and imagination.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Physicians practicing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are advised to assess the full range of clinical symptoms of ASD according to their\u0000respective categories as listed in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Furthermore, the Dubai Health Authority\u0000(DHA) has published the first edition document titled “Dubai Clinical Practice Guidelines for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Children and\u0000Adolescents,” designed to align physician recognition and practice with the government's objectives toward all individuals with ASD. Their\u0000achievement aligns with the goals of our study as it will make the clinical recognition of ASD clinically more sound and prevent misdiagnosis.\u0000Finally, the authors hope that this study aids in developing a national screening program dedicated to general practitioners and pediatric physicians\u0000in providing a structured assessment for ASD, which in return will result in early intervention by neurodevelopmental specialists for further\u0000diagnosis and management, ultimately improving the quality of life of the patients and their families.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508641,"journal":{"name":"New Emirates Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140493494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.2174/0102506882269342231212064600
R. Valk, James Hamill, Mieke Valk
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a debilitating, complex, chronic disorder with a multifactorial etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology and clinical phenotype. IBS is the most common disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), with a prevalence ranging from 7% to 23% globally. The burden of IBS on patients is considerable in terms of reduced quality of life. Furthermore, the costs to healthcare systems and society are substantial as IBS accounts for billions of dollars in direct and indirect medical costs. The pathogenesis of this DGBI is complex and multifactorial. Common symptoms of IBS are bloating, reoccurring episodes of abdominal pain, excessive flatus, constipation, diarrhea or alternating bowel habits. Many IBS patients have associated ingestion of specific foods with GI symptoms onset or exacerbation. Therefore, many IBS patients have attempted dietary therapy for the treatment and control of their GI symptoms. The low fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet is currently the most evidence-based and internationally accepted viable first-line dietary therapy for IBS. FODMAPs are short-chain carbohydrates that are poorly or incompletely absorbed in the small intestine and subsequently fermented by the colonic microbiota, leading to the production of gases, such as hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane. There is a recognized need to elucidate how FODMAPs induce GI symptoms and to understand how the 3-phase (restriction, re-introduction and personalization) FODMAP diet works. Hence, the objective of this review article is to elucidate the pathophysiological central and peripheral gut-related mechanisms through which FODMAPs cause GI- symptoms, to expound the implementation of the FODMAP diet and to highlight and confute concerns around the safety and risks of the FODMAP diet longterm.
{"title":"Efficacious, Nutritious and Delicious or Risky? Exploring the FODMAP Diet to\u0000Manage and Treat Irritable Bowel Syndrome","authors":"R. Valk, James Hamill, Mieke Valk","doi":"10.2174/0102506882269342231212064600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0102506882269342231212064600","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a debilitating, complex, chronic disorder with a multifactorial etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology and clinical\u0000phenotype. IBS is the most common disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), with a prevalence ranging from 7% to 23% globally. The burden of\u0000IBS on patients is considerable in terms of reduced quality of life. Furthermore, the costs to healthcare systems and society are substantial as IBS\u0000accounts for billions of dollars in direct and indirect medical costs. The pathogenesis of this DGBI is complex and multifactorial. Common\u0000symptoms of IBS are bloating, reoccurring episodes of abdominal pain, excessive flatus, constipation, diarrhea or alternating bowel habits. Many\u0000IBS patients have associated ingestion of specific foods with GI symptoms onset or exacerbation. Therefore, many IBS patients have attempted\u0000dietary therapy for the treatment and control of their GI symptoms. The low fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides, and polyols (FODMAP)\u0000diet is currently the most evidence-based and internationally accepted viable first-line dietary therapy for IBS. FODMAPs are short-chain\u0000carbohydrates that are poorly or incompletely absorbed in the small intestine and subsequently fermented by the colonic microbiota, leading to the\u0000production of gases, such as hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane. There is a recognized need to elucidate how FODMAPs induce GI symptoms\u0000and to understand how the 3-phase (restriction, re-introduction and personalization) FODMAP diet works. Hence, the objective of this review\u0000article is to elucidate the pathophysiological central and peripheral gut-related mechanisms through which FODMAPs cause GI- symptoms, to\u0000expound the implementation of the FODMAP diet and to highlight and confute concerns around the safety and risks of the FODMAP diet longterm.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508641,"journal":{"name":"New Emirates Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140493598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2174/0102506882274641231123043002
Renulata Das, Sasmita Das, J. Pradhan, Ranjita Sahoo, Meeksmita Sahu
Phlebitis is still a common complication of peripheral venous catheters. Finding a suitable solution to prevent and reduce the incidence of this complication continues to be a challenge. Various strategies were used to reduce the incidence of phlebitis. Mostly non-pharmacological measures were taken as first preference. Intially, when patients come to any hospital for their treatment, the first is the peripherally inserted venous catheter access conducted inpatient for medication administration, fluid administration and blood transfusion in both the hospital setting and ambulatory setting. About 70% of thepatients admitted to the hospital requires peripherally inserted venous catheters (PIVCs). The incidence of phlebitis is higher in patients who undergo continuous intravenous therapy. Background: The incidence of phlebitis is more in patients who were undergone continuous intra venous therapy To find out the effect of hand grip exercise in the sustaining patency of peripherally inserted venous catheters among patients in continuous intravenous therapy. During the 8 weeks the hand grip exercise was evaluated in patients, who had undergone continuous intravenous infusion through the peripherally inserted venous catheter for at least 3 days. The measurement of data is based on the patient’s socio-demographic Performa, patency checklist, visual infusion phlebitis score and visual analogue scale. The post-test was conducted in both experimental and control groups. Till the end of the study, 76 participants were taken. On day 3 of the hand grip exercise maximum of 24 (61.5%) PIVC were patent, whereas in control group 5 (13.5%) PIVC were able to maintain their patency. On day 5 of exercise 34 (91.9%) PIVC were replaced with a cause of phlebitis 33(89.2%) in the control group in comparison with the experimental group only 22 (56.4%) lines were replaced with the same cause of phlebitis 24 (61.5%). Hand grip exercise is important for clients, to reduce the need for the potentially painful process of placing vascular lines and also helps to control costs by reducing the number of devices used for each client and the development of phlebitis.
{"title":"Sustaining Patency of Peripherally Inserted Venous Catheter (PIVC) among\u0000Patients in Continuous Intra Venous Therapy","authors":"Renulata Das, Sasmita Das, J. Pradhan, Ranjita Sahoo, Meeksmita Sahu","doi":"10.2174/0102506882274641231123043002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0102506882274641231123043002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Phlebitis is still a common complication of peripheral venous catheters. Finding a suitable solution to prevent and reduce the incidence of this\u0000complication continues to be a challenge. Various strategies were used to reduce the incidence of phlebitis. Mostly non-pharmacological measures\u0000were taken as first preference. Intially, when patients come to any hospital for their treatment, the first is the peripherally inserted venous catheter\u0000access conducted inpatient for medication administration, fluid administration and blood transfusion in both the hospital setting and ambulatory\u0000setting. About 70% of thepatients admitted to the hospital requires peripherally inserted venous catheters (PIVCs). The incidence of phlebitis is\u0000higher in patients who undergo continuous intravenous therapy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Background: \u0000The incidence of phlebitis is more in patients who were undergone continuous intra venous therapy\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To find out the effect of hand grip exercise in the sustaining patency of peripherally inserted venous catheters among patients in continuous\u0000intravenous therapy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000During the 8 weeks the hand grip exercise was evaluated in patients, who had undergone continuous intravenous infusion through the peripherally\u0000inserted venous catheter for at least 3 days. The measurement of data is based on the patient’s socio-demographic Performa, patency checklist,\u0000visual infusion phlebitis score and visual analogue scale. The post-test was conducted in both experimental and control groups.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Till the end of the study, 76 participants were taken. On day 3 of the hand grip exercise maximum of 24 (61.5%) PIVC were patent, whereas in\u0000control group 5 (13.5%) PIVC were able to maintain their patency. On day 5 of exercise 34 (91.9%) PIVC were replaced with a cause of phlebitis\u000033(89.2%) in the control group in comparison with the experimental group only 22 (56.4%) lines were replaced with the same cause of phlebitis 24\u0000(61.5%).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Hand grip exercise is important for clients, to reduce the need for the potentially painful process of placing vascular lines and also helps to control\u0000costs by reducing the number of devices used for each client and the development of phlebitis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508641,"journal":{"name":"New Emirates Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140515736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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