Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.2174/0102506882306922240603081511
Z. Tolou_Ghamari, Arezoo Pourdad, Zahra Foroughi, B. Ataei, A A. Palizban
Nowadays, the resistance to available antibiotics could be mentioned as a global threat to public health. The aim of this preliminary study was to conduct a retrospective survey associated with the prevalence of Nosocomial Infections (NIs) and the pattern of microbial resistance in a tertiary care referral hospital (Alzahra), Isfahan, Iran. The data between the years 2016 to 2022 were extracted from the official database of hospital NI records. The microbiological culture results, represented by non-repetitive specimens, were further analyzed for pathogens and the pattern of antibiotic resistance. Then antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using standard methods of disk diffusion or Phoenix M50. The recorded variables have been presented as mean ± standard deviation, prevalence, and percentage. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. For a duration of 5.5 years, the period prevalence of NIs was recorded as 2%, with more than 50% associated with ventilator-associated events and urinary tract infections. Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus were the main pathogens. Further study of specimens from the year 2022 (n= 898) confirmed the most isolated bacteria as Klebsiella pneumonia (n = 290, 32%), Acinetobacter baumannii (n= 206, 23%), Enterococcus (faecium-fecalis n=125, 14%), Escherichia coli (n = 116, 13%), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 95, 11%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 66, 7%). Resistance (R%) in Isfahan versus the whole country was confirmed for Klebsiella pneumonia (third or fourth generation of cephalosporins: R = 80.9 vs. 82%), fluoroquinolones (R = 76.6 vs. 73%), beta-lactamase inhibitors (R = 75 vs. 79%), carbapenems (R = 65.7 vs. 66%), and so on, respectively. There has been reported an increase in the proportion of isolates resistant to cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and others. The variety of latent pathogens resistant to frequently administered antibiotics highlights the significance of continued and homogenous antimicrobial evidence-based pharmacotherapy investigations in Isfahan, Iran. Further studies in this direction are recommended.
如今，对现有抗生素的耐药性可谓是对公共卫生的全球性威胁。本初步研究旨在对伊朗伊斯法罕市一家三级转诊医院（Alzahra）的非医院感染（NIs）流行率和微生物耐药性模式进行回顾性调查。以非重复标本为代表的微生物培养结果进一步分析了病原体和抗生素耐药性模式。然后使用标准的磁盘扩散法或凤凰 M50 法进行抗生素药敏试验。记录的变量以均数±标准差、流行率和百分比表示。在 5.5 年的病程中，NIs 的流行率为 2%，其中 50%以上与呼吸机相关事件和泌尿道感染有关。肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和葡萄球菌是主要病原体。对 2022 年标本（n= 898）的进一步研究证实，分离出的最多细菌为肺炎克雷伯菌（n= 290，32%）、鲍曼不动杆菌（n= 206，23%）、肠球菌（粪-粪球菌 n=125，14%）、大肠埃希菌（n=116，13%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（n=95，11%）和绿脓杆菌（n=66，7%）。伊斯法罕与全国相比，肺炎克雷伯菌（第三代或第四代头孢菌素：R = 80.9 vs. 82%）、氟喹诺酮类（R = 76.6 vs. 73%）、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂（R = 75 vs. 79%）、碳青霉烯类（R = 65.7 vs.66据报道，对头孢菌素类、氟喹诺酮类和其他药物耐药的分离菌比例有所增加。对常用抗生素耐药的潜伏病原体种类繁多，这凸显了在伊朗伊斯法罕持续开展同质抗菌循证药物治疗调查的重要性。建议在这方面开展进一步研究。
{"title":"Prevalence of Nosocomial Infections and the Pattern of Microbial Resistance in\u0000a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital (Alzahra), Isfahan, Iran","authors":"Z. Tolou_Ghamari, Arezoo Pourdad, Zahra Foroughi, B. Ataei, A A. Palizban","doi":"10.2174/0102506882306922240603081511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0102506882306922240603081511","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Nowadays, the resistance to available antibiotics could be mentioned as a global threat to public health. The aim of this preliminary study was to\u0000conduct a retrospective survey associated with the prevalence of Nosocomial Infections (NIs) and the pattern of microbial resistance in a tertiary\u0000care referral hospital (Alzahra), Isfahan, Iran.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The data between the years 2016 to 2022 were extracted from the official database of hospital NI records. The microbiological culture results,\u0000represented by non-repetitive specimens, were further analyzed for pathogens and the pattern of antibiotic resistance. Then antibiotic susceptibility\u0000testing was done using standard methods of disk diffusion or Phoenix M50. The recorded variables have been presented as mean ± standard\u0000deviation, prevalence, and percentage. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000For a duration of 5.5 years, the period prevalence of NIs was recorded as 2%, with more than 50% associated with ventilator-associated events and\u0000urinary tract infections. Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus were the main pathogens. Further study of specimens\u0000from the year 2022 (n= 898) confirmed the most isolated bacteria as Klebsiella pneumonia (n = 290, 32%), Acinetobacter baumannii (n= 206,\u000023%), Enterococcus (faecium-fecalis n=125, 14%), Escherichia coli (n = 116, 13%), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 95, 11%), and Pseudomonas\u0000aeruginosa (n = 66, 7%). Resistance (R%) in Isfahan versus the whole country was confirmed for Klebsiella pneumonia (third or fourth generation\u0000of cephalosporins: R = 80.9 vs. 82%), fluoroquinolones (R = 76.6 vs. 73%), beta-lactamase inhibitors (R = 75 vs. 79%), carbapenems (R = 65.7 vs.\u000066%), and so on, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000There has been reported an increase in the proportion of isolates resistant to cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and others. The variety of latent\u0000pathogens resistant to frequently administered antibiotics highlights the significance of continued and homogenous antimicrobial evidence-based\u0000pharmacotherapy investigations in Isfahan, Iran. Further studies in this direction are recommended.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508641,"journal":{"name":"New Emirates Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.2174/0102506882297883240506071656
M. Eid, Resshme Kannan Sudha, Salma Al Ghafly
Although most cases of choriocarcinoma are of gestational origin, rare cases of extrauterine origin (such as pulmonary) have been reported, which have a poor prognosis We present one such rare case involving a 35-year-old female patient who initially presented to the emergency department with hemothorax and was found to have primary lung choriocarcinoma after multiple biopsies. The patient was properly managed and discharged in a healthy condition. However, she subsequently returned to the hospital with an intracranial haemorrhage and, unfortunately, passed away despite all efforts. Due to the life-threatening initial presentations of primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma, it is essential to conduct an intensive work-up and maintain close observation when a patient initially presents with such symptoms. Early diagnosis is crucial to initiate appropriate treatment and prevent further complications. Therefore, we aimed to discuss and establish an emergency medicine department-based diagnostic pathway to contribute to the early diagnosis of this deadly malignancy
{"title":"Primary Pulmonary Choriocarcinoma and Caesarean Section Ectopic\u0000Pregnancy: A Case Report with an Emergency Department Diagnostic Pathway","authors":"M. Eid, Resshme Kannan Sudha, Salma Al Ghafly","doi":"10.2174/0102506882297883240506071656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0102506882297883240506071656","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Although most cases of choriocarcinoma are of gestational origin, rare cases of extrauterine origin (such as pulmonary) have been reported, which\u0000have a poor prognosis\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We present one such rare case involving a 35-year-old female patient who initially presented to the emergency department with hemothorax and\u0000was found to have primary lung choriocarcinoma after multiple biopsies. The patient was properly managed and discharged in a healthy condition.\u0000However, she subsequently returned to the hospital with an intracranial haemorrhage and, unfortunately, passed away despite all efforts.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Due to the life-threatening initial presentations of primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma, it is essential to conduct an intensive work-up and maintain\u0000close observation when a patient initially presents with such symptoms. Early diagnosis is crucial to initiate appropriate treatment and prevent\u0000further complications. Therefore, we aimed to discuss and establish an emergency medicine department-based diagnostic pathway to contribute to\u0000the early diagnosis of this deadly malignancy\u0000","PeriodicalId":508641,"journal":{"name":"New Emirates Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140997577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.2174/0102506882293086240422102329
A. Shaheer, Ashok Kumar, M. Jallo, P. Menon
The aim of the study was to comprehend the relationship between visceral fat-associated adipokines and biochemical variables in central obese type 2 diabetic patients. Visceral obesity is linked with insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and is an alternative risk determinant for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. The infiltration of macrophages in the visceral fatty tissue and the unreliable generation of adipokines are associated with mechanisms directing the progress of insulin resistance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between visceral fat-associated adipokines and biochemical variables in central obese type 2 diabetic patients. Serum adipokines were analyzed by Eenzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Biochemical variables were measured using Cobas® 6000 analyzer. HbA1c was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results show a significant relationship (p < 0.05) between the adipokines and Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Postprandial Blood Glucose (PPBG) and HbA1c levels. The results indicate a significant association (p < 0.05) between the adipokines and lipid profile with varying degrees in central obese type 2 diabetic subjects. The relationship between visceral fat-associated adipokines and metabolic variables may influence the metabolic pathways in central obese type 2 diabetic patients. The adipokines are strong predictors for the intensification of type 2 diabetes mellitus and can be used as a diagnostic tool for risk assessment in the central obese population. The study provides new insight that requires further investigations and understanding of the metabolic pathways in central obese type 2 diabetic patients.
{"title":"Visceral Fat-associated Adipokines and Metabolic Variables in Central Obese\u0000Type 2 Diabetic Patients","authors":"A. Shaheer, Ashok Kumar, M. Jallo, P. Menon","doi":"10.2174/0102506882293086240422102329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0102506882293086240422102329","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The aim of the study was to comprehend the relationship between visceral fat-associated adipokines and biochemical variables in central obese type 2 diabetic patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Visceral obesity is linked with insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and is an alternative risk determinant for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. The infiltration of macrophages in the visceral fatty tissue and the unreliable generation of adipokines are associated with mechanisms directing the progress of insulin resistance.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between visceral fat-associated adipokines and biochemical variables in central obese type 2 diabetic patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Serum adipokines were analyzed by Eenzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Biochemical variables were measured using Cobas® 6000 analyzer. HbA1c was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results show a significant relationship (p < 0.05) between the adipokines and Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Postprandial Blood Glucose (PPBG) and HbA1c levels. The results indicate a significant association (p < 0.05) between the adipokines and lipid profile with varying degrees in central obese type 2 diabetic subjects.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The relationship between visceral fat-associated adipokines and metabolic variables may influence the metabolic pathways in central obese type 2 diabetic patients. The adipokines are strong predictors for the intensification of type 2 diabetes mellitus and can be used as a diagnostic tool for risk assessment in the central obese population.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study provides new insight that requires further investigations and understanding of the metabolic pathways in central obese type 2 diabetic patients.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508641,"journal":{"name":"New Emirates Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.2174/0102506882292950240324031617
Isra Ishtiaq Shakir, Sadaf Sheikhi, Marwa Mahmood, Naba Khan, Ramya Rathan, M. Salama
Dermatoglyphics is the study of dermal ridge configuration on the skin of the fingers and palms, which can be used to diagnose chromosomal disorders and individual identification. Stress is characterizedby feeling overwhelmed with mental or emotional pressure and evokes a biological response when any intrinsic or extrinsic stimulus is applied. Stress can cause acute effects and disorders that can trigger structural changes like atrophy and decrement in weight in different brain parts with long-term effects on the nervous system. In this cross-sectional study, fingerprints of 150 participants of Gulf Medical University with an equal number of students and faculty/ staff were obtained by fingerprint scanner. Participants were classified into low, moderate, and high-stress levels by questionnaire. Collected data were statistically analyzed to find any association between dermatoglyphics and perceived stress levels. Radial Loop was found to have the highest frequency as a percentage in all three groups. Plain whorl was the pattern with the second-highest percentage of occurrences. A notable observation was the lack of plain arch and low frequency of accidental whorl in the high-stress group. The findings contribute to our understanding of the potential of dermatoglyphics as an indicator of perceived stress, opening up avenues for further research in utilizing these patterns as a non-invasive tool for assessing stress levels.
{"title":"A Study of Dermatoglyphics Patterns in Relation to the Levels of Perceived\u0000Stress","authors":"Isra Ishtiaq Shakir, Sadaf Sheikhi, Marwa Mahmood, Naba Khan, Ramya Rathan, M. Salama","doi":"10.2174/0102506882292950240324031617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0102506882292950240324031617","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Dermatoglyphics is the study of dermal ridge configuration on the skin of the fingers and palms, which can be used to diagnose chromosomal\u0000disorders and individual identification. Stress is characterizedby feeling overwhelmed with mental or emotional pressure and evokes a biological\u0000response when any intrinsic or extrinsic stimulus is applied. Stress can cause acute effects and disorders that can trigger structural changes like\u0000atrophy and decrement in weight in different brain parts with long-term effects on the nervous system.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this cross-sectional study, fingerprints of 150 participants of Gulf Medical University with an equal number of students and faculty/ staff were\u0000obtained by fingerprint scanner. Participants were classified into low, moderate, and high-stress levels by questionnaire. Collected data were\u0000statistically analyzed to find any association between dermatoglyphics and perceived stress levels.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Radial Loop was found to have the highest frequency as a percentage in all three groups. Plain whorl was the pattern with the second-highest\u0000percentage of occurrences. A notable observation was the lack of plain arch and low frequency of accidental whorl in the high-stress group.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The findings contribute to our understanding of the potential of dermatoglyphics as an indicator of perceived stress, opening up avenues for further\u0000research in utilizing these patterns as a non-invasive tool for assessing stress levels.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508641,"journal":{"name":"New Emirates Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140684587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.2174/0102506882288335240415095546
Y. Demirel, H. Çağatay, Esin Başaran, Çiğdem Özdemir Eler, G. Turgay, Mustafa Gülşen
It is known that attitudes towards the elderly are an important variable affecting healthcare services. Considering the increasing trends of the population over 65 years in countries, it is important to determine the attitudes of future healthcare workers towards the elderly and to prepare them to serve in the health sector with activities that will lead to positive changes. In this direction, it is important to determine the effect of personality traits of prospective healthcare workers on their attitudes toward the elderly The research was conducted using the “relational survey model”. The study was conducted with 581 prospective healthcare workers. Personal Information Form, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and Kogan's Scale of Attitudes towards the Elderly were used as data collection tools. Data were obtained and analyzed using the online data collection method. According to the results of the study, it was found that the attitudes of students who were healthcare candidates for older adults were generally positive ( = 63.46±13.42). While there was a positive yet moderate and statistically significant correlation between attitudes towards the elderly and scores on the Extraversion subscale (r= 0.634, p<0.01) and a negative yet moderate and statistically significant correlation with scores on the Neuroticism (r= -0.568, p<0.01) and Psychoticism (r= -0.602, p<0.01) subscales. The personality traits extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism explained 58.6% of the attitude towards the elderly. According to the regression results, extraversion (β= 0.358; p<0.001) positively affected attitudes towards the elderly, whereas neuroticism (β= -0.310; p<0.001) and psychoticism (β= -0.307; p<0.001) negatively affected attitudes towards the elderly. Given the important role of healthcare professionals in improving the care and quality of life of the elderly, it is necessary to develop strategies to improve the attitudes of future healthcare professionals towards the elderly. Consideration of personality traits in determining these strategies may contribute to the development of effective and personalized approaches.
{"title":"The Effect of Personality Traits of Healthcare Worker Candidates on their\u0000Attitudes Towards the Elderly","authors":"Y. Demirel, H. Çağatay, Esin Başaran, Çiğdem Özdemir Eler, G. Turgay, Mustafa Gülşen","doi":"10.2174/0102506882288335240415095546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0102506882288335240415095546","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000It is known that attitudes towards the elderly are an important variable affecting healthcare services. Considering the increasing trends of the\u0000population over 65 years in countries, it is important to determine the attitudes of future healthcare workers towards the elderly and to prepare them\u0000to serve in the health sector with activities that will lead to positive changes. In this direction, it is important to determine the effect of personality\u0000traits of prospective healthcare workers on their attitudes toward the elderly\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The research was conducted using the “relational survey model”. The study was conducted with 581 prospective healthcare workers. Personal\u0000Information Form, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and Kogan's Scale of Attitudes towards the Elderly were used as data collection tools. Data\u0000were obtained and analyzed using the online data collection method.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000According to the results of the study, it was found that the attitudes of students who were healthcare candidates for older adults were generally\u0000positive ( = 63.46±13.42). While there was a positive yet moderate and statistically significant correlation between attitudes towards the elderly\u0000and scores on the Extraversion subscale (r= 0.634, p<0.01) and a negative yet moderate and statistically significant correlation with scores on the\u0000Neuroticism (r= -0.568, p<0.01) and Psychoticism (r= -0.602, p<0.01) subscales. The personality traits extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism\u0000explained 58.6% of the attitude towards the elderly. According to the regression results, extraversion (β= 0.358; p<0.001) positively affected\u0000attitudes towards the elderly, whereas neuroticism (β= -0.310; p<0.001) and psychoticism (β= -0.307; p<0.001) negatively affected attitudes\u0000towards the elderly.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Given the important role of healthcare professionals in improving the care and quality of life of the elderly, it is necessary to develop strategies to\u0000improve the attitudes of future healthcare professionals towards the elderly. Consideration of personality traits in determining these strategies may\u0000contribute to the development of effective and personalized approaches.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508641,"journal":{"name":"New Emirates Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.2174/0102506882271605231211102803
Z. Tolou_Ghamari
The main reason for liver-related death globally is reported as cancer which results in most patients with cirrhosis, therefore in this article, we discuss the epidemiology of liver diseases and liver cancer in the world. Ongoing review article efforts to address updated knowledge of study topics worldwide. Information on the prevalence and mortality of liver disease were extracted from Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Ninety-three relevant in-depth consequent guide approaches and evidence-based choices were selected, associated with a knowledgeable collection of current, high-quality manuscripts. Research reported that around 2.3 billion people in the world are infected with one of the hepatitis viruses that could cause liver cancer. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis and liver cancer is varied worldwide. In the United States, each year 18600 males and 9000 females die from liver cancer. The global burden of deaths due to liver cancer was reported in 830,200 in 2020 that predicted to increase to >55% by 2040. The major causes of liver cancer reported as hepatitis B (mainly in Asia) and C viruses. Regarding chronic liver disease that could cause cancer in some patients, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to be 6% to 35% worldwide. Steatosis and steatohepatitis affect 25% of the population worldwide. It is well known that the geographic distribution of different forms of liver disorders is divergent. Owing to population growth and ageing, liver cirrhosis and its development of cancer is an important health subject worldwide. Further studies regarding early detection of liver disease based on the easy and inexpensive test to score primary necroinflammation recommended advantageously.
{"title":"Review of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Disease Prevalence","authors":"Z. Tolou_Ghamari","doi":"10.2174/0102506882271605231211102803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0102506882271605231211102803","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The main reason for liver-related death globally is reported as cancer which results in most patients with cirrhosis, therefore in this article, we\u0000discuss the epidemiology of liver diseases and liver cancer in the world.\u0000Ongoing review article efforts to address updated knowledge of study topics worldwide. Information on the prevalence and mortality of liver\u0000disease were extracted from Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Ninety-three relevant in-depth consequent guide approaches\u0000and evidence-based choices were selected, associated with a knowledgeable collection of current, high-quality manuscripts.\u0000Research reported that around 2.3 billion people in the world are infected with one of the hepatitis viruses that could cause liver cancer. The\u0000prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis and liver cancer is varied worldwide. In the United States, each year 18600 males and\u00009000 females die from liver cancer. The global burden of deaths due to liver cancer was reported in 830,200 in 2020 that predicted to increase to\u0000>55% by 2040. The major causes of liver cancer reported as hepatitis B (mainly in Asia) and C viruses. Regarding chronic liver disease that could\u0000cause cancer in some patients, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to be 6% to 35% worldwide. Steatosis and\u0000steatohepatitis affect 25% of the population worldwide. It is well known that the geographic distribution of different forms of liver disorders is\u0000divergent. Owing to population growth and ageing, liver cirrhosis and its development of cancer is an important health subject worldwide. Further\u0000studies regarding early detection of liver disease based on the easy and inexpensive test to score primary necroinflammation recommended\u0000advantageously.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508641,"journal":{"name":"New Emirates Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140684861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.2174/0102506882277568240126102549
Sepideh Parchami Ghazaee, Kateryna Marchenko-Tolsta, Petro Sereda, M. Hameed, Sandra Lane
Over the last half-century, the treatment and management of autoimmune rheumatic diseases have progressively improved, particularly with the contribution of immunobiological or biological therapies known as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Although these agents have been generally efficient in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), some patients experience limited efficacy and non-responsiveness to treatment. In addition, they may cause adverse clinical effects, further aggravating the disease. Despite advancements in biological therapies, significant clinical needs persist. This review aims to discuss novel treatments, guiding future guidelines and drug discoveries for rheumatoid arthritis. This review follows the 2020 PRISMA statement, utilising PubMed and Google Scholar for literature search and emphasizing recent meta-analyses on the safety and efficacy of targeted immunobiological medications. Small molecule inhibitors, whether utilised independently or in conjunction with Methotrexate, have been shown to contribute to effective disease management and have the potential for better adherence to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Tocilizumab therapy demonstrates a significant reduction in disease activity and improves rates of disease remission when combined with Methotrexate. Investigations of mesenchymal stromal cell therapies have had promising outcomes, improving both cartilage quality (as evaluated by Macroscopic Cartilage Repair Assessment) and joint tenderness and swelling in clinical joint counts. Intra-articular administration of tolerogenic dendritic cells has displayed a capacity to alleviate pain, as measured by Visual Analog Scale scores, and enhance the Disease Activity Score across 28 joints. Resveratrol capsules supplemented with allopathic therapy show potential in reducing TNF-α and interleukin-6 serum levels. More investigations and their analysis will improve patient outcomes and reduce adverse effects and the costs involved in developing and obtaining immunobiological drugs. Moreover, assessing the safety and efficacy of anti-RA properties of the bioactive compounds could offer less toxic and more cost-effective natural treatment options.
在过去的半个世纪里，自身免疫性风湿病的治疗和管理得到了逐步改善，特别是随着被称为疾病修饰抗风湿药的免疫生物学或生物疗法的出现。尽管这些药物在治疗类风湿性关节炎（RA）方面普遍有效，但有些患者的疗效有限且对治疗无反应，此外，这些药物还可能引起不良临床反应，进一步加重病情。本综述旨在讨论新型治疗方法，为类风湿关节炎的未来指南和药物发现提供指导。本综述遵循2020年PRISMA声明，利用PubMed和谷歌学术进行文献检索，并强调近期关于靶向免疫生物学药物安全性和有效性的荟萃分析。小分子抑制剂，无论是单独使用还是与甲氨蝶呤联合使用，都已被证明有助于有效的疾病管理，并有可能更好地遵守美国风湿病学会的标准。与甲氨蝶呤联合使用时，托昔单抗疗法可显著减少疾病活动，提高疾病缓解率。间充质基质细胞疗法的研究取得了令人鼓舞的成果，既改善了软骨质量（通过宏观软骨修复评估），也改善了临床关节计数中的关节压痛和肿胀。耐受性树突状细胞的关节内给药能够减轻疼痛（通过视觉模拟量表评分），并提高 28 个关节的疾病活动度评分。更多的研究及其分析将改善患者的治疗效果，减少不良反应，降低开发和获取免疫生物药物的成本。此外，评估生物活性化合物抗 RA 特性的安全性和有效性，可以提供毒性更小、成本效益更高的天然治疗方案。
{"title":"A Systematic Review of the Novel Targeted Immunobiological Medications in\u0000Rheumatoid Arthritis: Efficacy, Safety, and Innovation","authors":"Sepideh Parchami Ghazaee, Kateryna Marchenko-Tolsta, Petro Sereda, M. Hameed, Sandra Lane","doi":"10.2174/0102506882277568240126102549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0102506882277568240126102549","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Over the last half-century, the treatment and management of autoimmune rheumatic diseases have progressively improved, particularly with the\u0000contribution of immunobiological or biological therapies known as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Although these agents have been\u0000generally efficient in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), some patients experience limited efficacy and non-responsiveness to treatment.\u0000In addition, they may cause adverse clinical effects, further aggravating the disease.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Despite advancements in biological therapies, significant clinical needs persist. This review aims to discuss novel treatments, guiding future\u0000guidelines and drug discoveries for rheumatoid arthritis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This review follows the 2020 PRISMA statement, utilising PubMed and Google Scholar for literature search and emphasizing recent meta-analyses\u0000on the safety and efficacy of targeted immunobiological medications.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Small molecule inhibitors, whether utilised independently or in conjunction with Methotrexate, have been shown to contribute to effective disease\u0000management and have the potential for better adherence to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Tocilizumab therapy demonstrates a\u0000significant reduction in disease activity and improves rates of disease remission when combined with Methotrexate. Investigations of mesenchymal\u0000stromal cell therapies have had promising outcomes, improving both cartilage quality (as evaluated by Macroscopic Cartilage Repair Assessment)\u0000and joint tenderness and swelling in clinical joint counts. Intra-articular administration of tolerogenic dendritic cells has displayed a capacity to\u0000alleviate pain, as measured by Visual Analog Scale scores, and enhance the Disease Activity Score across 28 joints. Resveratrol capsules\u0000supplemented with allopathic therapy show potential in reducing TNF-α and interleukin-6 serum levels.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000More investigations and their analysis will improve patient outcomes and reduce adverse effects and the costs involved in developing and obtaining\u0000immunobiological drugs. Moreover, assessing the safety and efficacy of anti-RA properties of the bioactive compounds could offer less toxic and\u0000more cost-effective natural treatment options.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508641,"journal":{"name":"New Emirates Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.2174/0102506882297196240320093725
T. Verulava, Nita Verulava
Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination of medical personnel reduces the spread of infection the research aimed to evaluate healthcare professionals' attitudes toward vaccination by the health belief model. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was used for the study. Most medical personnel agreed to get the COVID-19 vaccination (84%; n=384). Medical workers over 45 (90%) showed more readiness for vaccination. The main pushbacks against the vaccination included the development of a vaccine in a short period (n=56; 73.7%), fear of side effects (n=49; 64.5%), lack of reliable information about vaccination (n=35; 46.1%), negative information spread by the media (n=26, 34.2%). Recommendations by healthcare workers (63.9%), health authorities (73.1), media (70%), large number of people being vaccinated (72.6%), and provision of trustworthy information (71.3%) facilitate vaccination. The high rate of COVID-19 vaccination among medical personnel shows that they have a high risk perception of infection. Among Health Belief Model components, cues to actions were most important in willingness to carry out vaccination. Recommendations of the WHO and scientists significantly influence the willingness to carry out vaccination. The regulatory responsibilities of the state and the public's trust in it play a crucial role in raising the population's awareness about the vaccine.
{"title":"Healthcare Workers’ Readiness for COVID-19 Vaccination Using Health Belief\u0000Model","authors":"T. Verulava, Nita Verulava","doi":"10.2174/0102506882297196240320093725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0102506882297196240320093725","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination of medical personnel reduces the spread of infection the research aimed to evaluate healthcare professionals'\u0000attitudes toward vaccination by the health belief model.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was used for the study.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Most medical personnel agreed to get the COVID-19 vaccination (84%; n=384). Medical workers over 45 (90%) showed more readiness for\u0000vaccination. The main pushbacks against the vaccination included the development of a vaccine in a short period (n=56; 73.7%), fear of side\u0000effects (n=49; 64.5%), lack of reliable information about vaccination (n=35; 46.1%), negative information spread by the media (n=26, 34.2%).\u0000Recommendations by healthcare workers (63.9%), health authorities (73.1), media (70%), large number of people being vaccinated (72.6%), and\u0000provision of trustworthy information (71.3%) facilitate vaccination.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The high rate of COVID-19 vaccination among medical personnel shows that they have a high risk perception of infection. Among Health Belief\u0000Model components, cues to actions were most important in willingness to carry out vaccination. Recommendations of the WHO and scientists\u0000significantly influence the willingness to carry out vaccination. The regulatory responsibilities of the state and the public's trust in it play a crucial\u0000role in raising the population's awareness about the vaccine.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508641,"journal":{"name":"New Emirates Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.2174/0102506882295744240319091911
Majd R. al-Askari, M. M. Patni, Yaman Krayem, Abdullah Ejaz
Aortic aneurysms are common in adults due to atherosclerosis but are rare in children and young adults, often overlooked due to infrequent reporting. Acquired aneurysms are usually linked to factors like umbilical artery ligation, connective tissue diseases, or vasculitides. In contrast, the causes of congenital abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) remain unknown due to their extreme rarity. Only a few cases have been reported. Prompt diagnosis is essential when symptoms such as abdominal distention, vomiting, or abdominal pulsatility occur. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through ultrasonography and multi-slice spiral computed tomography angiographies (MCSTA). After detection, a comprehensive investigation is necessary to rule out acquired AAA causes. Managing congenital AAA requires a highly personalized approach, with early surgical repair using grafts as a recommended option. After an extensive analysis of numerous academic sources, we have comprehensively understood the epidemiology, clinical features, and diagnostic and treatment techniques for congenital abdominal aortic aneurysms.
{"title":"Congenital Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Presentation, Etiology, Diagnosis and\u0000Management","authors":"Majd R. al-Askari, M. M. Patni, Yaman Krayem, Abdullah Ejaz","doi":"10.2174/0102506882295744240319091911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0102506882295744240319091911","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Aortic aneurysms are common in adults due to atherosclerosis but are rare in children and young adults, often overlooked due to infrequent\u0000reporting. Acquired aneurysms are usually linked to factors like umbilical artery ligation, connective tissue diseases, or vasculitides. In contrast, the\u0000causes of congenital abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) remain unknown due to their extreme rarity. Only a few cases have been reported. Prompt\u0000diagnosis is essential when symptoms such as abdominal distention, vomiting, or abdominal pulsatility occur. Diagnosis is typically confirmed\u0000through ultrasonography and multi-slice spiral computed tomography angiographies (MCSTA). After detection, a comprehensive investigation is\u0000necessary to rule out acquired AAA causes. Managing congenital AAA requires a highly personalized approach, with early surgical repair using\u0000grafts as a recommended option. After an extensive analysis of numerous academic sources, we have comprehensively understood the\u0000epidemiology, clinical features, and diagnostic and treatment techniques for congenital abdominal aortic aneurysms.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508641,"journal":{"name":"New Emirates Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.2174/0102506882286301240318101053
Fatemeh Mokhtari, K. Vakilian, A. Moslemi, Fatemeh Shabani, Azar Ebrahimi
The study investigated the relationship between Determining the Factors Related to Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Mothers with Maternal-Fetal Attachment. Demographic policies in Iran emphasize population, fertility, and maternal health. Maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) is a term used to describe conditions that help the mother cope with the physiological changes during pregnancy. MFA contributes significantly to the future health of mother and child. Thus, it is essential to identify the nature of maternal-fetal attachment during pregnancy, when women need to prepare for and adapt to childbirth. The present study was conducted to determine the factors related to maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant mothers of Arak City. The study investigated the relationship between obstetric-demographic factors, emotional intelligence, marital satisfaction, and domestic violence with maternal-fetal attachment. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 177 pregnant mothers with a gestational age of 37-40 who were referred to health centers in Arak, Iran, for pregnancy care in 2022. Five questionnaires, including an obstetric-demographic questionnaire, Cranley's Standard Mother-Fetal Attachment Scale, Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test, ENRICH marital satisfaction scale, and HITS domestic violence questionnaire, were used to measure the factors related to maternal-fetal attachment. Data were analyzed using SPSS21 software and descriptive and analytical statistics, including frequency distribution, Pearson correlation, t-test, Chi-square, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Multiple Logistic Regression model. The mean of age women and age of husbands was 29.07± 5.88 years and 32.93± 5.28 years, respectively. The mean maternal-fetal attachment score was 88.12± 15.76. The mean of the emotional intelligence, the marital satisfaction and, the domestic violence was 4.71± 2.81, 121.88± 17.30, 37.86± 7.25, 6.54± 3.35, respectively. The interval between the current and the previous pregnancy had a range of 1-7 years and a mean of 4.71± 2.8 years. There was a positive significant correlation between the maternal-fetal attachment score and the interval between the current and the previous pregnancy (r=0.22, p=0.02), There was a positive significant correlation between the maternal-fetal attachment score and the emotional intelligence (r=0.31, p=0.001) the marital satisfaction (r=0.25, P=0.001). There was a negative significant correlation between the maternal-fetal attachment score and the domestic violence (r=-0.26, p=0.001 Identifying attachment-related factors helps the health staff carry out the necessary training and preventive measures to increase maternal-fetal attachment, especially in high-risk parents who need more care.
{"title":"Factors Related to Maternal-fetal Attachment in Pregnant Mothers: An\u0000Analytical Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Fatemeh Mokhtari, K. Vakilian, A. Moslemi, Fatemeh Shabani, Azar Ebrahimi","doi":"10.2174/0102506882286301240318101053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0102506882286301240318101053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The study investigated the relationship between Determining the Factors Related to Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Mothers with\u0000Maternal-Fetal Attachment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Demographic policies in Iran emphasize population, fertility, and maternal health. Maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) is a term used to describe\u0000conditions that help the mother cope with the physiological changes during pregnancy. MFA contributes significantly to the future health of mother\u0000and child. Thus, it is essential to identify the nature of maternal-fetal attachment during pregnancy, when women need to prepare for and adapt to\u0000childbirth. The present study was conducted to determine the factors related to maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant mothers of Arak City.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study investigated the relationship between obstetric-demographic factors, emotional intelligence, marital satisfaction, and domestic violence\u0000with maternal-fetal attachment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 177 pregnant mothers with a gestational age of 37-40 who were referred to health centers in\u0000Arak, Iran, for pregnancy care in 2022. Five questionnaires, including an obstetric-demographic questionnaire, Cranley's Standard Mother-Fetal\u0000Attachment Scale, Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test, ENRICH marital satisfaction scale, and HITS domestic violence questionnaire,\u0000were used to measure the factors related to maternal-fetal attachment. Data were analyzed using SPSS21 software and descriptive and analytical\u0000statistics, including frequency distribution, Pearson correlation, t-test, Chi-square, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Multiple Logistic\u0000Regression model.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mean of age women and age of husbands was 29.07± 5.88 years and 32.93± 5.28 years, respectively. The mean maternal-fetal attachment\u0000score was 88.12± 15.76. The mean of the emotional intelligence, the marital satisfaction and, the domestic violence was 4.71± 2.81, 121.88± 17.30,\u000037.86± 7.25, 6.54± 3.35, respectively. The interval between the current and the previous pregnancy had a range of 1-7 years and a mean of 4.71±\u00002.8 years.\u0000There was a positive significant correlation between the maternal-fetal attachment score and the interval between the current and the previous\u0000pregnancy (r=0.22, p=0.02),\u0000There was a positive significant correlation between the maternal-fetal attachment score and the emotional intelligence (r=0.31, p=0.001) the\u0000marital satisfaction (r=0.25, P=0.001). There was a negative significant correlation between the maternal-fetal attachment score and the domestic\u0000violence (r=-0.26, p=0.001\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Identifying attachment-related factors helps the health staff carry out the necessary training and preventive measures to increase maternal-fetal\u0000attachment, especially in high-risk parents who need more care.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508641,"journal":{"name":"New Emirates Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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