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Evaluating the Quality of LLM-Generated Explanations for Logical Errors in CS1 Student Programs 评估 CS1 学生课程中由 LLM 生成的逻辑错误解释的质量
Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1145/3627217.3627233
Rishabh Balse, Viraj Kumar, Prajish Prasad, J. Warriem
When students in CS1 (Introductory Programming) write erroneous code, course staff can use automated tools to provide various types of helpful feedback. In this paper, we focus on syntactically correct student code containing logical errors. Tools that explain logical errors typically require course staff to invest greater effort than tools that detect such errors. To reduce this effort, prior work has investigated the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-3 to generate explanations. Unfortunately, these explanations can be incomplete or incorrect, and therefore unhelpful if presented to students directly. Nevertheless, LLM-generated explanations may be of adequate quality for Teaching Assistants (TAs) to efficiently craft helpful explanations on their basis. We evaluate the quality of explanations generated by an LLM (GPT-3.5-turbo) in two ways, for 30 buggy student solutions across 6 code-writing problems. First, in a study with 5 undergraduate TAs, we compare TA perception of LLM-generated and peer-generated explanation quality. TAs were unaware which explanations were LLM-generated, but they found them to be comparable in quality to peer-generated explanations. Second, we performed a detailed manual analysis of LLM-generated explanations for all 30 buggy solutions. We found at least one incorrect statement in 15/30 explanations (50%). However, in 28/30 cases (93%), the LLM-generated explanation correctly identified at least one logical error. Our results suggest that for large CS1 courses, TAs with adequate training to detect erroneous statements may be able to extract value from such explanations.
当 CS1(程序设计入门)课程的学生编写错误代码时,课程工作人员可以使用自动化工具提供各种类型的有用反馈。在本文中,我们将重点关注包含逻辑错误的语法正确的学生代码。与检测逻辑错误的工具相比,解释逻辑错误的工具通常需要课程工作人员投入更多精力。为了减少这种工作量,之前的工作已经研究了使用大型语言模型(LLM)(如 GPT-3)来生成解释。遗憾的是,这些解释可能是不完整或不正确的,因此如果直接呈现给学生,将毫无帮助。不过,LLM 生成的解释可能具有足够的质量,教学助理(TA)可以在此基础上有效地制作出有用的解释。我们从两个方面评估了 LLM(GPT-3.5-turbo)针对 6 个代码编写问题中的 30 个错误学生解决方案生成的解释的质量。首先,在一项由 5 名本科生助教参与的研究中,我们比较了助教对 LLM 生成的解释和同伴生成的解释质量的感知。助教并不知道哪些解释是由 LLM 生成的,但他们认为这些解释的质量与同行生成的解释相当。其次,我们对 LLM 生成的所有 30 个错误解决方案的解释进行了详细的人工分析。我们在 15/30 个解释(50%)中发现了至少一个错误的陈述。然而,在 28/30 个案例(93%)中,LLM 生成的解释至少正确识别了一个逻辑错误。我们的结果表明,对于大型 CS1 课程而言,受过充分培训的助教可以从这些解释中发现错误陈述。
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引用次数: 0
GuardRails: Automated Suggestions for Clarifying Ambiguous Purpose Statements GuardRails:澄清模糊目的声明的自动化建议
Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1145/3627217.3627234
Mrigank Pawagi, Viraj Kumar
Before implementing a function, programmers are encouraged to write a purpose statement i.e., a short, natural-language explanation of what the function computes. A purpose statement may be ambiguous i.e., it may fail to specify the intended behaviour when two or more inequivalent computations are plausible on certain inputs. Our paper makes four contributions. First, we propose a novel heuristic that suggests such inputs using Large Language Models (LLMs). Using these suggestions, the programmer may choose to clarify the purpose statement (e.g., by providing a functional example that specifies the intended behaviour on such an input). Second, to assess the quality of inputs suggested by our heuristic, and to facilitate future research, we create an open dataset of purpose statements with known ambiguities. Third, we compare our heuristic against GitHub Copilot’s Chat feature, which can suggest similar inputs when prompted to generate unit tests. Fourth, we provide an open-source implementation of our heuristic as an extension to Visual Studio Code for the Python programming language, where purpose statements and functional examples are specified as docstrings and doctests respectively. We believe that this tool will be particularly helpful to novice programmers and instructors.
在实现函数之前,我们鼓励程序员编写一份目的声明,即用自然语言简短解释函数的计算内容。目的声明可能含糊不清,也就是说,当某些输入有两个或多个不等价的计算结果时,目的声明可能无法说明预期的行为。我们的论文有四个贡献。首先,我们提出了一种新颖的启发式方法,利用大型语言模型(LLM)来建议此类输入。利用这些建议,程序员可以选择澄清目的声明(例如,提供一个功能示例,说明在此类输入上的预期行为)。其次,为了评估启发式所建议的输入的质量,并促进未来的研究,我们创建了一个公开的数据集,其中包含已知含糊不清的目的声明。第三,我们将启发式与 GitHub Copilot 的聊天功能进行了比较,后者可以在提示生成单元测试时建议类似的输入。第四,我们提供了启发式的开源实现,作为 Python 编程语言 Visual Studio Code 的扩展,其中目的语句和功能示例分别指定为 docstrings 和 doctests。我们相信,这一工具将对程序员新手和讲师特别有帮助。
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引用次数: 0
Computing Education for Primary Schooling: Developing Teacher Knowledge 小学计算机教育:开发教师知识
Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1145/3627217.3631584
Aman Yadav
The push for computer science education to primary schooling requires training teachers and developing their knowledge to teach computing. However, computing goals within primary schooling need to move away from teaching coding to curricular and pedagogical goals teachers have. In this talk, Dr. Aman Yadav will discuss how to support teachers to see the relevance of computing to their core curriculum and how teachers take advantage of computation to support their core instruction. Using classroom examples from his work with elementary teachers, he will share evidence-based ways to develop teachers’ competencies and skills to integrate computational thinking in their classrooms. Dr. Yadav will also discuss how teachers use computational thinking as a way to explicitly teach metacognitive strategies to their students and improve their core learning outcomes.
将计算机科学教育推向小学教育需要对教师进行培训,培养他们教授计算机的知识。然而,小学教育中的计算目标需要从编码教学转向教师的课程和教学目标。在本讲座中,阿曼-亚达夫博士将讨论如何支持教师认识到计算与其核心课程的相关性,以及教师如何利用计算的优势来支持其核心教学。他将利用与小学教师合作的课堂实例,分享基于证据的方法,培养教师在课堂中整合计算思维的能力和技能。亚达夫博士还将讨论教师如何将计算思维作为向学生明确传授元认知策略和提高核心学习成果的一种方式。
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引用次数: 0
Defining Disability Inclusive Education 残疾全纳教育的定义
Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1145/3627217.3631586
Rakesh Paladugula
The paradigm of education has moved from blackboard to digital board, physical books to e-books and physical to virtual classrooms. With the shift from print-based learning to digital, educators and students must adapt. As the digital revolution in education continues, educators need to make sure they aren’t leaving students with disabilities behind. Ask yourself - Is everyone fully participate despite their ability to see, hear and able to understand? Is the hearing challenged student in the class able to follow your lecture? Is the study material supplied?
教育模式已从黑板转向电子黑板,从实体书转向电子书,从实体教室转向虚拟教室。随着从印刷学习到数字学习的转变,教育工作者和学生都必须做出调整。随着教育领域数字化革命的不断深入,教育工作者需要确保他们不会让残疾学生落在后面。扪心自问--尽管每个人都有视力、听力和理解能力,但他们是否都能充分参与?班上有听力障碍的学生是否能听懂你的讲课?是否提供了学习材料?
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引用次数: 0
Lessons Learned from Designing and Implementing Team Project Work in a Software Engineering Course 在软件工程课程中设计和实施团队项目工作的经验教训
Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1145/3627217.3627227
N. Bolloju
Team project work is an essential and integral component of software engineering courses for learning practical skills. Agile process models are widely used in the industry for software development. However, setting up project work based on agile process models can be challenging, primarily due to the sequencing of topic coverage in lecture sessions that does not prepare the teams to complete the first sprint early in the semester. This paper presents the design of the project work structure used in a course offering and its implementation. The paper includes the findings from the student feedback and recommendations, which assist faculty members in setting up project work in their course offerings, enable students to gain practical experience in software engineering, and to develop essential skills that will prepare them for the industry.
团队项目工作是软件工程课程学习实践技能不可或缺的重要组成部分。敏捷过程模型在软件开发行业得到广泛应用。然而,基于敏捷过程模型设置项目工作可能具有挑战性,这主要是由于授课课程的主题覆盖顺序无法让团队为在学期初完成第一个冲刺做好准备。本文介绍了在一门课程中使用的项目工作结构的设计及其实施。论文包括学生反馈的结论和建议,这些结论和建议有助于教师在课程中设置项目工作,使学生获得软件工程方面的实践经验,并培养基本技能,为他们进入行业做好准备。
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引用次数: 0
Co-designing Education 4.0 in the Indian context 在印度共同设计教育 4.0
Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1145/3627217.3627231
Pratik Vyas, S. Bhattacharya, Mufti Mahmud
With advent of Industry 4.0, the traditional education system in Indian context needs re-evaluation. Industry 4.0 is important to Indian government and their initiative to build aptitude is ongoing. The learning needs of various students should be part of inclusive teaching and learning practice, which is again of importance to India’s national policies being implemented. The most important aspect of such education is the industry readiness of students. While building such capability of students, it is important for institutions to remain at par with international quality assurance standards. This directly informs the pedagogical approaches to be implemented, the teacher training required, the institutional readiness measurement, a thorough approval process, key feedforward and feedback process and a short- and long-term evaluation of such implementations. This paper explores the project implemented on micro-credit course called the value added course as a supplementary module to the undergraduate students to enhance their understanding of Industry 4.0 technologies and their implementation. The process followed during this research project is explained and the data driven decision making process made available as case for open learning through micro-credit course.
随着工业 4.0 时代的到来,印度的传统教育体系需要重新评估。工业 4.0 对印度政府非常重要,其培养能力的举措也在进行之中。不同学生的学习需求应成为全纳教学实践的一部分,这对印度正在实施的国家政策同样具有重要意义。此类教育最重要的一点是让学生为就业做好准备。在培养学生这种能力的同时,院校必须与国际质量保证标准保持一致。这直接影响到所要实施的教学方法、所需的教师培训、机构准备程度的衡量、全面的审批程序、关键的反馈和反馈过程以及对实施情况的短期和长期评估。本文探讨了在小额信贷课程上实施的项目,该课程被称为 "增值课程",作为本科生的补充模块,旨在增强他们对工业 4.0 技术及其实施的理解。本文解释了该研究项目所遵循的流程,并提供了数据驱动的决策过程,作为通过微学分课程进行开放式学习的案例。
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引用次数: 0
Research and Education in IoT: My Humble Contributions, Experiences and the Road Ahead 物联网研究与教育:我的微薄贡献、经验和未来之路
Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1145/3627217.3632357
S. Misra
In this talk, I feel privileged and honoured to share my experiences contributing to the research and education of Internet of Things (IoT), alongside the advances that have been made to the field globally. IoT is the ubiquitous technology behind the smart revolution of the present day. By enabling everyday ‘things’ and objects to be connected to the backbone internetwork, IoT, along with its allied technologies such as cloud computing, ML and fog computing, is truly a social revolution, where every animate and inanimate object come to ‘life’. Along with my many co-researchers and scholars, with whom I have been fortunate enough to work, my contributions on IoT have focused on enriching both the academia as well as the industry and society through research, teaching and outreach activities. Few of the promising applications of IoT where I have concentrated are those in smart healthcare, smart agriculture, smart industries and smart education. The several solutions proposed by me and my team are aimed at solving critical issues of the said domains through the use of IoT and bridging key gaps using smart communication technologies. Concepts such as sensor virtualization and sensor cloud have thrown open new areas of research for academicians and educators alike. In fact, for the last few years, I have been heavily engaged in imparting technical education in IoT, both through short term courses and online courses as well as full semester credit courses to different levels of candidates, UG, PG, Ph. D, working professionals and any interested persons. Of special mention are two of my courses on IoT and Industrial IoT offered twice a year over the NPTEL platform, which sees enormous participation and enrolments from the learners. The said courses have helped a large number of students and professionals alike to learn about IoT at various levels. Bright and motivated students are also offered internships on various IoT projects at my laboratory at IIT Kharagpur, where they experiment on real-world problems and gain practical skills on IoT and sensor technologies. Recently, I have focused my research towards green technologies and energy efficiency in IoT as well, with the aim of providing sustainable technologies for the smarter future. As an educator, I feel that the amalgamation of IoT with education principles and pedagogy accelerates us towards a promising digital revolution in teaching principles. IoT-based smart education empowers the creation of personalized, interactive, and adaptive learning experiences for the students as well as tailor-made teaching practices for the educators alike. I have been fortunate enough to utilize some of the advanced technologies in my teaching. Educators can design their curricula based on the competency and abilities of the students, which is especially beneficial for students with special abilities. No fixed and rigid pedagogy is applicable anymore, rather it has to be dynamic and evolving. In my teaching, I do
在本讲座中,我将与大家分享我在物联网(IoT)研究和教育方面的经验,以及该领域在全球范围内取得的进展,我对此感到非常荣幸。物联网是当今智能革命背后无所不在的技术。通过将日常 "事物 "和物体连接到主干互联网络,物联网及其相关技术,如云计算、ML 和雾计算,是一场真正的社会革命,让每个有生命和无生命的物体都 "活 "起来。我有幸与许多合作研究人员和学者一起,通过研究、教学和推广活动,为丰富学术界、产业界和社会做出了贡献。我所专注的物联网应用领域包括智能医疗、智能农业、智能工业和智能教育。我和我的团队提出的若干解决方案旨在通过使用物联网解决上述领域的关键问题,并利用智能通信技术弥合关键差距。传感器虚拟化和传感器云等概念为学者和教育工作者开辟了新的研究领域。事实上,在过去几年里,我一直在大力开展物联网方面的技术教育,通过短期课程、在线课程以及全学期学分课程,向不同层次的考生(UG、PG、Ph.D)、在职专业人员和任何感兴趣的人传授知识。特别值得一提的是,我在 NPTEL 平台上开设了两门关于物联网和工业物联网的课程,每年开设两次,吸引了大量学员参与和报名。这些课程帮助大量学生和专业人士学习了不同层次的物联网知识。我在哈拉格浦尔理工大学的实验室还为聪明好学的学生提供了各种物联网项目的实习机会,让他们在那里就实际问题进行实验,并获得物联网和传感器技术方面的实用技能。最近,我将研究重点放在了物联网中的绿色技术和能效方面,目的是为更智能的未来提供可持续的技术。作为一名教育工作者,我认为物联网与教育原则和教学法的结合将加速我们在教学原则方面实现一场前景光明的数字革命。基于物联网的智能教育能为学生创造个性化、交互式和自适应的学习体验,也能为教育工作者提供量身定制的教学实践。我有幸在教学中运用了一些先进技术。教育工作者可以根据学生的能力设计课程,这对有特殊能力的学生尤其有利。固定僵化的教学法已不再适用,它必须是动态的、不断发展的。在我的教学中,我并不局限于理论,而是始终不断地让学生参与到实际的物联网测试平台和 DIY 工具包中,从而提供全面的学习。技术辅助学习是全球教育领域的下一个风口,而物联网则是其成功实施背后的支柱。
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引用次数: 0
The Forum Factor: Exploring the Link between Online Discourse and Student Achievement in Higher Education 论坛因素:探索高等教育中在线话语与学生成绩之间的联系
Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1145/3627217.3627222
Darryn He, Hannah Steffes, Samin Yasar, Paul Denny, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, Juho Leinonen
The growth of digital education has expanded the use of online forums like Piazza. However, their impact on academic achievement is still being determined. This study investigates the relationship between Piazza engagement and academic performance in computer science. We explored four hypotheses: Piazza activity rates, endorsements, post frequency on assessments, and pre-assessment viewing habits. Data analysis from an extensive programming course showed that active Piazza users and endorsed students performed significantly better academically. While the number of posts related to assessments was generally not correlated with performance, students who viewed more posts about an assessment within a week of its due date tended to perform better.
数字教育的发展扩大了 Piazza 等在线论坛的使用范围。然而,它们对学习成绩的影响仍有待确定。本研究探讨了 Piazza 参与度与计算机科学学习成绩之间的关系。我们探讨了四个假设:Piazza 的活动率、认可度、在评估中的发帖频率以及评估前的浏览习惯。对一门内容广泛的编程课程进行的数据分析显示,活跃的 Piazza 用户和获得认可的学生学习成绩明显更好。虽然与评估相关的帖子数量通常与学习成绩无关,但在评估到期前一周内查看更多评估帖子的学生往往成绩更好。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Student Evaluation of Teaching in Computer Science Courses 了解学生对计算机科学课程教学的评价
Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1145/3627217.3627220
Zixuan Wang, Paul Denny, Juho Leinonen, Andrew Luxton-Reilly
Understanding student perceptions in higher education is vital for optimizing teaching and learning practices. This research explores the relationship between course characteristics, Student Evaluation of Teaching, and disciplinary differences, with a particular focus on Computer Science courses. Analyzing data from the second half of the 2022 semester at one university, the study investigates the impact of course level, type, and size on student evaluation scores. Additionally, it compares Computer Science courses to other disciplines, revealing key differences in student satisfaction and perceptions. Findings indicate that second-year courses received lower ratings, and theoretical courses in online formats received higher satisfaction than programming courses. Smaller course sizes correlated with higher scores across multiple aspects. However, Computer Science courses scored lower overall and in crucial areas compared to other disciplines, highlighting the need for tailored teaching strategies. This research underscores the importance of continuous assessment and adaptation in higher education to foster positive learning environments and improve student experiences.
在高等教育中,了解学生的看法对于优化教学实践至关重要。本研究探讨了课程特点、学生教学评价和学科差异之间的关系,尤其关注计算机科学课程。研究分析了一所大学 2022 年下半年的数据,调查了课程水平、类型和规模对学生评价分数的影响。此外,研究还将计算机科学课程与其他学科进行了比较,揭示了学生满意度和看法的主要差异。研究结果表明,二年级课程的评分较低,在线形式的理论课程比编程课程的满意度高。较小的课程规模与较高的多方面得分相关。然而,与其他学科相比,计算机科学课程的总体得分和关键领域的得分都较低,这凸显了因材施教教学策略的必要性。这项研究强调了在高等教育中进行持续评估和调整以营造积极的学习环境和改善学生体验的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of e-Crossword Puzzle tool in the Multidisciplinary course for the undergraduate students 电子填字游戏工具在本科生多学科课程中的应用效果
Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1145/3627217.3627226
S. Naik, Jap Ashokbhai Purohit
Faculty members have the challenge of making classes engaging, while students often find it difficult to remember concepts taught in class, recall them when needed, and stay focused throughout. To address this issue, a crossword puzzle was used in an experimental capacity in a multidisciplinary undergraduate introductory data science course to evaluate its effectiveness at Ahmedabad University. The results showed that the crossword puzzle helped to increase interactivity in class and improved retention of knowledge and concepts covered during the session. Moreover, it helped to foster interest in learning new concepts or reinforcing weaker ones.
教师们面临的挑战是如何让课堂引人入胜,而学生们则常常发现很难记住课堂上讲授的概念,很难在需要时回忆起这些概念,也很难在整个过程中保持注意力集中。为了解决这个问题,艾哈迈达巴德大学在多学科本科生数据科学入门课程中使用了填字游戏作为实验,以评估其有效性。结果表明,填字游戏有助于增强课堂互动性,提高学生对知识和概念的记忆。此外,它还有助于培养学生学习新概念或巩固较弱概念的兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the 16th Annual ACM India Compute Conference
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