Pub Date : 1993-01-01DOI: 10.1002/9780470123126.ch1
P A Frey, G H Reed
{"title":"Lysine 2,3-aminomutase and the mechanism of the interconversion of lysine and beta-lysine.","authors":"P A Frey, G H Reed","doi":"10.1002/9780470123126.ch1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470123126.ch1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50865,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Enzymology and Related Subjects","volume":"66 ","pages":"1-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470123126.ch1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19413305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-01-01DOI: 10.1002/9780470123133.ch5
D A Rudnick, C A McWherter, G W Gokel, J I Gordon
{"title":"MyristoylCoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase.","authors":"D A Rudnick, C A McWherter, G W Gokel, J I Gordon","doi":"10.1002/9780470123133.ch5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470123133.ch5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50865,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Enzymology and Related Subjects","volume":"67 ","pages":"375-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470123133.ch5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19310468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-01-01DOI: 10.1002/9780470123133.ch6
R Wu
{"title":"Development of enzyme-based methods for DNA sequence analysis and their applications in the genome projects.","authors":"R Wu","doi":"10.1002/9780470123133.ch6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470123133.ch6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50865,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Enzymology and Related Subjects","volume":"67 ","pages":"431-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470123133.ch6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19310469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-01-01DOI: 10.1002/9780470123126.ch2
K G Rice, Y C Lee
{"title":"Oligosaccharide valency and conformation in determining binding to the asialoglycoprotein receptor of rat hepatocytes.","authors":"K G Rice, Y C Lee","doi":"10.1002/9780470123126.ch2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470123126.ch2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50865,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Enzymology and Related Subjects","volume":"66 ","pages":"41-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470123126.ch2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19413309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-01-01DOI: 10.1002/9780470123126.ch4
W W Wells, Y Yang, T L Deits, Z R Gan
A family of small molecular weight proteins with thiol-disulfide exchange activity have been discovered, widely distributed from E. coli to mammalian systems, called thioltransferases or glutaredoxins. There are no substantiated reports of thioltransferases-glutaredoxins in plants; however, partially purified dehydroascorbate reductase from peas had thiol-disulfide exchange catalytic activity using glutathione as reductant and S-sulfocysteine as thiosulfate cosubstrate (unpublished data). Thus, this class of proteins is universally distributed. Based on mutagenesis studies, a sequence of Cys-Pro-Tyr(Phe)-Cys- followed by Arg-Lys- or Lys alone is critical for both the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction and the dehydroascorbate reductase activity. The dithiol-disulfide loop represented by this structure is unique since the cystine closer to the N-terminus has a highly acidic thiol pKa (3.8 as determined for the pig liver enzyme) that contributes to the protein's high S- nucleophilicity. Compared with the microbial enzyme, the mammalian thioltransferases (glutaredoxins) are extended at both N and C termini by 10-12 amino acid residues, including a second pair of cysteines toward the C-terminus with no known special function. Yeast thioltransferase is more like mammalian enzymes in length (106 amino acids) but more like E. coli glutaredoxin in being unblocked at the N-terminus and having only one set of cysteines; that is, at the active center. The three mammalian enzymes, for which sequences are available, are blocked at the N-terminus by an acetyl group linked to alanine with no known special function other than possibly to impart greater cellular turnover stability. A report of carbohydrate (8.6%) content in rat liver thioltransferase has not been verified by more sensitive methods of carbohydrate analysis, nor has carbohydrate been identified in samples of purified glutaredoxin from any source. Thiol transferase and glutaredoxin are two names for the same protein based on similarity of amino acid sequence, immunochemical cross-reactivity, and other enzyme properties. The inability of thioltransferase from some mammalian sources to act as an electron carrier in ribonucleotide reductase systems, whether homologous or heterologous in origin, remains to be explained in future studies.
{"title":"Thioltransferases.","authors":"W W Wells, Y Yang, T L Deits, Z R Gan","doi":"10.1002/9780470123126.ch4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470123126.ch4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A family of small molecular weight proteins with thiol-disulfide exchange activity have been discovered, widely distributed from E. coli to mammalian systems, called thioltransferases or glutaredoxins. There are no substantiated reports of thioltransferases-glutaredoxins in plants; however, partially purified dehydroascorbate reductase from peas had thiol-disulfide exchange catalytic activity using glutathione as reductant and S-sulfocysteine as thiosulfate cosubstrate (unpublished data). Thus, this class of proteins is universally distributed. Based on mutagenesis studies, a sequence of Cys-Pro-Tyr(Phe)-Cys- followed by Arg-Lys- or Lys alone is critical for both the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction and the dehydroascorbate reductase activity. The dithiol-disulfide loop represented by this structure is unique since the cystine closer to the N-terminus has a highly acidic thiol pKa (3.8 as determined for the pig liver enzyme) that contributes to the protein's high S- nucleophilicity. Compared with the microbial enzyme, the mammalian thioltransferases (glutaredoxins) are extended at both N and C termini by 10-12 amino acid residues, including a second pair of cysteines toward the C-terminus with no known special function. Yeast thioltransferase is more like mammalian enzymes in length (106 amino acids) but more like E. coli glutaredoxin in being unblocked at the N-terminus and having only one set of cysteines; that is, at the active center. The three mammalian enzymes, for which sequences are available, are blocked at the N-terminus by an acetyl group linked to alanine with no known special function other than possibly to impart greater cellular turnover stability. A report of carbohydrate (8.6%) content in rat liver thioltransferase has not been verified by more sensitive methods of carbohydrate analysis, nor has carbohydrate been identified in samples of purified glutaredoxin from any source. Thiol transferase and glutaredoxin are two names for the same protein based on similarity of amino acid sequence, immunochemical cross-reactivity, and other enzyme properties. The inability of thioltransferase from some mammalian sources to act as an electron carrier in ribonucleotide reductase systems, whether homologous or heterologous in origin, remains to be explained in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50865,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Enzymology and Related Subjects","volume":"66 ","pages":"149-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470123126.ch4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19413307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-01-01DOI: 10.1002/9780470123126.ch5
H Zalkin
{"title":"The amidotransferases.","authors":"H Zalkin","doi":"10.1002/9780470123126.ch5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470123126.ch5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50865,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Enzymology and Related Subjects","volume":"66 ","pages":"203-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470123126.ch5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19413308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-01-01DOI: 10.1002/9780470123126.ch3
S S Sastry, H P Spielmann, J E Hearst
{"title":"Psoralens and their application to the study of some molecular biological processes.","authors":"S S Sastry, H P Spielmann, J E Hearst","doi":"10.1002/9780470123126.ch3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470123126.ch3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50865,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Enzymology and Related Subjects","volume":"66 ","pages":"85-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470123126.ch3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19413310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-01-01DOI: 10.1002/9780470123133.ch3
R G Krishna, F Wold
{"title":"Post-translational modification of proteins.","authors":"R G Krishna, F Wold","doi":"10.1002/9780470123133.ch3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470123133.ch3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50865,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Enzymology and Related Subjects","volume":"67 ","pages":"265-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470123133.ch3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19310466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-01-01DOI: 10.1002/9780470123133.ch4
L E Mortenson, L C Seefeldt, T V Morgan, J T Bolin
{"title":"The role of metal clusters and MgATP in nitrogenase catalysis.","authors":"L E Mortenson, L C Seefeldt, T V Morgan, J T Bolin","doi":"10.1002/9780470123133.ch4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470123133.ch4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50865,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Enzymology and Related Subjects","volume":"67 ","pages":"299-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470123133.ch4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19310467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-01-01DOI: 10.1002/9780470123119.ch3
E Cadenas, P Hochstein, L Ernster
{"title":"Pro- and antioxidant functions of quinones and quinone reductases in mammalian cells.","authors":"E Cadenas, P Hochstein, L Ernster","doi":"10.1002/9780470123119.ch3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470123119.ch3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50865,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Enzymology and Related Subjects","volume":"65 ","pages":"97-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470123119.ch3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12738157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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