Stockholm established time-varying congestion pricing in 2007, and adopted a toll exemption as a temporary incentive for green vehicles (GVs) that ended in 2012. We examine the behavioral effects of phasing out the exemption by studying the change in cordon crossing events for GV morning commuters between May 2012 and May 2013, with a random sample of conventional vehicles (CVs) as control. The results suggest i) a significant drop in the total number of crossings; ii) a slight shift towards later journeys in the morning; and iii) a reduction in the ratio of peak-toll period crossings to other ones.
{"title":"Green Vehicles’ Responses to an Expiring Congestion Toll Exemption: Findings from a Natural Experiment in Stockholm, Sweden","authors":"Fatemeh Naqavi, E. Engström, Joel P. Franklin","doi":"10.32866/001c.88878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.88878","url":null,"abstract":"Stockholm established time-varying congestion pricing in 2007, and adopted a toll exemption as a temporary incentive for green vehicles (GVs) that ended in 2012. We examine the behavioral effects of phasing out the exemption by studying the change in cordon crossing events for GV morning commuters between May 2012 and May 2013, with a random sample of conventional vehicles (CVs) as control. The results suggest i) a significant drop in the total number of crossings; ii) a slight shift towards later journeys in the morning; and iii) a reduction in the ratio of peak-toll period crossings to other ones.","PeriodicalId":508951,"journal":{"name":"Findings","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bechle, M. Bell, Daniel L. Goldberg, S. Hankey, Tianjun Lu, A. Presto, Allen L. Robinson, Joel Schwartz, Liuhua Shi, Yang Zhang, Julian D. Marshall
Empirical models aim to predict spatial variability in concentrations of outdoor air pollution. For year-2010 concentrations of PM2.5 in the US, we intercompared six national-scale empirical models, each generated by a different research group. Despite differences in methods and independent variables for the models, we find a relatively high degree of agreement among model predictions (e.g., correlations of 0.84 to 0.92, RMSD (root-mean-square-difference; units: μg/m3) of 0.8 to 1.4, or on average ~12% of the average concentration; many best-fit lines are near the 1:1 line).
{"title":"Intercomparison of Six National Empirical Models for PM2.5 Air Pollution in the Contiguous US","authors":"M. Bechle, M. Bell, Daniel L. Goldberg, S. Hankey, Tianjun Lu, A. Presto, Allen L. Robinson, Joel Schwartz, Liuhua Shi, Yang Zhang, Julian D. Marshall","doi":"10.32866/001c.89423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.89423","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical models aim to predict spatial variability in concentrations of outdoor air pollution. For year-2010 concentrations of PM2.5 in the US, we intercompared six national-scale empirical models, each generated by a different research group. Despite differences in methods and independent variables for the models, we find a relatively high degree of agreement among model predictions (e.g., correlations of 0.84 to 0.92, RMSD (root-mean-square-difference; units: μg/m3) of 0.8 to 1.4, or on average ~12% of the average concentration; many best-fit lines are near the 1:1 line).","PeriodicalId":508951,"journal":{"name":"Findings","volume":"70 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139268102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：