This study investigates residents’ emergent travel behavior before, during, and after the 2021 British Columbia Floods. Using de-identified network mobility data, we analyze travel patterns centered around the municipality of Hope in British Columbia, Canada. Our findings reveal significant drops in travel during the peak of the floods, corresponding with major transportation infrastructure failure. The slow recovery process and dispersed residents highlight the insufficient resilience of key transportation corridors. Furthermore, the results underscore the importance of network mobility data being: 1) privacy-protected, 2) efficient and easy to examine, and 3) adaptable.
{"title":"Travel Behavior during the 2021 British Columbia Floods Using De-identified Network Mobility Data","authors":"Enqi Liao, Syeda N. Zehra, Stephen D. Wong","doi":"10.32866/001c.117422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.117422","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates residents’ emergent travel behavior before, during, and after the 2021 British Columbia Floods. Using de-identified network mobility data, we analyze travel patterns centered around the municipality of Hope in British Columbia, Canada. Our findings reveal significant drops in travel during the peak of the floods, corresponding with major transportation infrastructure failure. The slow recovery process and dispersed residents highlight the insufficient resilience of key transportation corridors. Furthermore, the results underscore the importance of network mobility data being: 1) privacy-protected, 2) efficient and easy to examine, and 3) adaptable.","PeriodicalId":508951,"journal":{"name":"Findings","volume":"55 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a novel approach for estimating building heights using single street-level images. The method employs EfficientNet, a state-of-the-art neural network, to eliminate the need for additional data like street maps. We compare this new method with existing techniques, focusing on accuracy evaluated through metrics like Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The model is pre-trained on the Cityscapes dataset and fine-tuned on images from Toronto’s 3D Massing dataset. It demonstrates strong accuracy, with an MAE of 1.21 meters, outperforming traditional methods.
我们提出了一种利用单张街道图像估算建筑物高度的新方法。该方法采用最先进的神经网络 EfficientNet，无需街道地图等额外数据。我们将这种新方法与现有技术进行了比较，重点是通过平均绝对误差 (MAE) 等指标来评估准确性。该模型在城市景观数据集上进行了预训练，并在多伦多 3D Massing 数据集的图像上进行了微调。该模型的准确性很高，MAE 为 1.21 米，优于传统方法。
{"title":"Single-Image Building Height Estimation Using EfficientNet: A Simplified, Scalable Approach","authors":"Alexander W. Olson, Shoshanna Saxe","doi":"10.32866/001c.116609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.116609","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel approach for estimating building heights using single street-level images. The method employs EfficientNet, a state-of-the-art neural network, to eliminate the need for additional data like street maps. We compare this new method with existing techniques, focusing on accuracy evaluated through metrics like Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The model is pre-trained on the Cityscapes dataset and fine-tuned on images from Toronto’s 3D Massing dataset. It demonstrates strong accuracy, with an MAE of 1.21 meters, outperforming traditional methods.","PeriodicalId":508951,"journal":{"name":"Findings","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140992383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many drivers lack relevant knowledge about advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), and how they learn about ADAS is mainly haphazard. We conducted interviews with six experts from the automobile industry and eight drivers. Few drivers actively engage with ADAS features and settings in their vehicles and many fail to check or familiarize themselves with ADAS in an unfamiliar car. Moreover, the research highlights that it is not rare for drivers to misinterpret typical ADAS responses as technical issues.
{"title":"How do Car Owners Familiarize and Adapt to Unfamiliar Vehicle Technologies?","authors":"Vibeke M Uhlving, Alena Høye, Kjell Vegard Weyde","doi":"10.32866/001c.116293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.116293","url":null,"abstract":"Many drivers lack relevant knowledge about advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), and how they learn about ADAS is mainly haphazard. We conducted interviews with six experts from the automobile industry and eight drivers. Few drivers actively engage with ADAS features and settings in their vehicles and many fail to check or familiarize themselves with ADAS in an unfamiliar car. Moreover, the research highlights that it is not rare for drivers to misinterpret typical ADAS responses as technical issues.","PeriodicalId":508951,"journal":{"name":"Findings","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141036984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study uses data from the 2020 nationally-representative U.S. Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) to analyze the under-explored relationship between housing type, household characteristics, and two novel heat health risk measures. We use a combination of descriptive analysis and logistic regression models. The results show that renters and residents of lower-cost housing types – multifamily and manufactured housing – are much more likely to keep their homes at unhealthy temperatures and require medical attention due to hot indoor temperatures. We also find stark disparities in heat risk for households with lower incomes, seniors, and Black, Native American, multiracial, and Hispanic households.
{"title":"The Roles of Housing and Household Characteristics in U.S. Residential Heat Risk","authors":"C. J. Gabbe, Gregory Pierce","doi":"10.32866/001c.116607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.116607","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses data from the 2020 nationally-representative U.S. Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) to analyze the under-explored relationship between housing type, household characteristics, and two novel heat health risk measures. We use a combination of descriptive analysis and logistic regression models. The results show that renters and residents of lower-cost housing types – multifamily and manufactured housing – are much more likely to keep their homes at unhealthy temperatures and require medical attention due to hot indoor temperatures. We also find stark disparities in heat risk for households with lower incomes, seniors, and Black, Native American, multiracial, and Hispanic households.","PeriodicalId":508951,"journal":{"name":"Findings","volume":"46 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140667199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research explores the state of resilience and Complete Streets topics in current geometric and roadway design guides in North America. We conducted a content analysis of twenty-two provincial, state, and general design guides, and a topical examination of the relationship of Complete Streets elements to resilience goals. While Complete Streets topics are well integrated into guides, resilience topics are rarely present, leading to possible missed opportunities to achieve co-benefits or manage tensions. Implications from this research can begin discussions that embed safety and resilience into roadway design that also furthers multi-modal and sustainable transportation.
{"title":"Integration of Resilient and Complete Streets in Geometric and Roadway Design Guides","authors":"Matthew Blain, Stephen D. Wong","doi":"10.32866/001c.116296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.116296","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the state of resilience and Complete Streets topics in current geometric and roadway design guides in North America. We conducted a content analysis of twenty-two provincial, state, and general design guides, and a topical examination of the relationship of Complete Streets elements to resilience goals. While Complete Streets topics are well integrated into guides, resilience topics are rarely present, leading to possible missed opportunities to achieve co-benefits or manage tensions. Implications from this research can begin discussions that embed safety and resilience into roadway design that also furthers multi-modal and sustainable transportation.","PeriodicalId":508951,"journal":{"name":"Findings","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140672292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We introduce and test a visual analogue scale (VAS) to measure to what extent people experience difficulties in reaching destinations (N=180). Known-group analyses showed that respondents who are younger, without vehicle access, or in need of a walking aid, had significantly worse accessibility. Regression analysis with reported mobility problems as dependent variables, showed that VAS replaced car availability as the sole significant explanatory variable. A separate regression model revealed that the mobility problems explain more than half of the variance in VAS (R2=0.528). These results are promising but more research is needed to scrutinize the validity of the VAS.
我们引入并测试了一种视觉模拟量表（VAS），用于测量人们在到达目的地时遇到困难的程度（180 人）。已知群体分析表明，年龄较小、无车或需要步行辅助工具的受访者的可达性明显较差。以报告的行动不便问题为因变量进行的回归分析表明，VAS 取代了汽车可用性，成为唯一重要的解释变量。一个单独的回归模型显示，行动不便问题可以解释 VAS 变异的一半以上（R2=0.528）。这些结果很有希望，但还需要更多的研究来仔细检查 VAS 的有效性。
{"title":"A Scale for Describing People’s Mobility Status","authors":"Karel Martens, Matan E. Singer","doi":"10.32866/001c.94195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.94195","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce and test a visual analogue scale (VAS) to measure to what extent people experience difficulties in reaching destinations (N=180). Known-group analyses showed that respondents who are younger, without vehicle access, or in need of a walking aid, had significantly worse accessibility. Regression analysis with reported mobility problems as dependent variables, showed that VAS replaced car availability as the sole significant explanatory variable. A separate regression model revealed that the mobility problems explain more than half of the variance in VAS (R2=0.528). These results are promising but more research is needed to scrutinize the validity of the VAS.","PeriodicalId":508951,"journal":{"name":"Findings","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gregory S. Macfarlane, Gillian Riches, Emily K. Youngs, Jared A. Nielsen
Location-based services data collected from mobile phones represent a potentially powerful source of travel behavior data, but transforming the location points into semantic activities – where and when activities occurred – is non-trivial. Existing algorithms to label activities require multiple parameters calibrated to a particular dataset. In this research, we apply a simulated annealing optimization procedure to identify the values of four parameters used in a density-based spatial clustering with additional noise and time entropy (DBSCAN-TE) algorithm. We develop a spatial accuracy scoring function to use in the calibration methodology and identify paths for future research.
{"title":"Classifying Location Points as Daily Activities using Simultaneously Optimized DBSCAN-TE Parameters.","authors":"Gregory S. Macfarlane, Gillian Riches, Emily K. Youngs, Jared A. Nielsen","doi":"10.32866/001c.116197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.116197","url":null,"abstract":"Location-based services data collected from mobile phones represent a potentially powerful source of travel behavior data, but transforming the location points into semantic activities – where and when activities occurred – is non-trivial. Existing algorithms to label activities require multiple parameters calibrated to a particular dataset. In this research, we apply a simulated annealing optimization procedure to identify the values of four parameters used in a density-based spatial clustering with additional noise and time entropy (DBSCAN-TE) algorithm. We develop a spatial accuracy scoring function to use in the calibration methodology and identify paths for future research.","PeriodicalId":508951,"journal":{"name":"Findings","volume":"103 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Child care travel is differentiated by sex: who makes such trips shapes the mode and distance to child care in relation to home and, for working parents, to jobs. To better understand the relationship between sex and child care travel, we analyze child care trips in California by sex while controlling for a variety of demographic and socio-economic factors. We find women are responsible for over 70% of all child care trips. Though most child care trips are taken by automobile, women are more likely to walk kids to child care centers than men. We also find that households choose child care centers that are closer to home than workplaces.
{"title":"Sex Differences in Child Care Travel","authors":"Zhiyuan Yao, Evelyn Blumenberg, M. Wander","doi":"10.32866/001c.115790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.115790","url":null,"abstract":"Child care travel is differentiated by sex: who makes such trips shapes the mode and distance to child care in relation to home and, for working parents, to jobs. To better understand the relationship between sex and child care travel, we analyze child care trips in California by sex while controlling for a variety of demographic and socio-economic factors. We find women are responsible for over 70% of all child care trips. Though most child care trips are taken by automobile, women are more likely to walk kids to child care centers than men. We also find that households choose child care centers that are closer to home than workplaces.","PeriodicalId":508951,"journal":{"name":"Findings","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susan Pike, Katherine Turner, Staly Chin, Andrea Nguyen
Open-loop payment systems accept credit cards, debit cards, and mobile “wallets”. For public transit open-loop payments do not require agency-specific fare media, can improve boarding efficiency, reduce idling times, and remove costs associated with tickets/cards and handling cash (Iseki et al., 2007; Zamer, 2018). Using survey data collected from 21 California transit agencies we find they have positive perceptions of open-loop payments and their ability to adopt these systems. However, they affirm there are challenges including technological complexity and equipment costs. We evaluate interest in assistance programs aimed at alleviating some of the challenges transit agencies face in implementing open-loop payments.
{"title":"Open to Open-Loop: Payments Challenges for Public Transit","authors":"Susan Pike, Katherine Turner, Staly Chin, Andrea Nguyen","doi":"10.32866/001c.115437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.115437","url":null,"abstract":"Open-loop payment systems accept credit cards, debit cards, and mobile “wallets”. For public transit open-loop payments do not require agency-specific fare media, can improve boarding efficiency, reduce idling times, and remove costs associated with tickets/cards and handling cash (Iseki et al., 2007; Zamer, 2018). Using survey data collected from 21 California transit agencies we find they have positive perceptions of open-loop payments and their ability to adopt these systems. However, they affirm there are challenges including technological complexity and equipment costs. We evaluate interest in assistance programs aimed at alleviating some of the challenges transit agencies face in implementing open-loop payments.","PeriodicalId":508951,"journal":{"name":"Findings","volume":"91 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140750504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study relies on an experimental design framework to identify the behavioral nudges and incentives that can facilitate altruism for a transportation-related cause of the members of a university community. Our findings reveal the overall willingness to support transportation options for low-income community members either through financial contributions or, in the case of some of the students, donating their infrequently used student transit passes. We also found the positive effect of recognition on donating for students and male car commuters, as well as higher chances for a sunk cost of a contribution to increase the likelihood of a donation.
{"title":"Using Behavioral Nudges and Incentives to Increase Affordability of Transit Systems through Donations","authors":"Bogdan Kapatsila, Emily Grisé","doi":"10.32866/001c.115720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.115720","url":null,"abstract":"This study relies on an experimental design framework to identify the behavioral nudges and incentives that can facilitate altruism for a transportation-related cause of the members of a university community. Our findings reveal the overall willingness to support transportation options for low-income community members either through financial contributions or, in the case of some of the students, donating their infrequently used student transit passes. We also found the positive effect of recognition on donating for students and male car commuters, as well as higher chances for a sunk cost of a contribution to increase the likelihood of a donation.","PeriodicalId":508951,"journal":{"name":"Findings","volume":"34 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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