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practical theology case study of transforming lives of the poor in the Amalinda Forest Community, East London 东伦敦阿马林达森林社区改变穷人生活的实用神学案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.17570/stj.2024.v10n2.1
G. Dames, M. K. Mazantsana
How can the problem of poverty be addressed by those concerned about the transformational development of the poor in South Africa? The church, as a community of faith and the bearer of the Christian witness cannot be left behind when responding to this question. This article reflects on a practical theological intervention where a church moved beyond its walls to help those in need. The active role played by the church in addressing this problem and the response of the community will be brought to light. However, this is a challenge that does not affect a local church only: research findings undergird the transformative engagement of the entire church community and calls for local social and political institutions to form a multipurpose partnership to deal with poverty in affected communities.
关注南非穷人转型发展的人如何解决贫困问题?教会作为信仰的团体和基督教见证的承担者,在回应这一问题时不能被抛在后面。本文反思了一个教会走出围墙帮助需要帮助的人的实际神学干预行动。教会在解决这一问题时所发挥的积极作用以及社区的反应将被揭示出来。然而,这不仅仅是一个地方教会面临的挑战:研究结果支持整个教会社区的变革性参与,并呼吁地方社会和政治机构结成多用途伙伴关系,以应对受影响社区的贫困问题。
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引用次数: 0
theological appraisal of the satisfaction theory of atonement 对赎罪的满足理论的神学评价
Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.17570/stj.2024.v10n1.4
I. Boaheng
The doctrine of atonement is central to the logic of the Christian faith. As a core part of Christian theology, the subject of atonement has received much scholarly attention since the emergence of the Christian church. Different scholars have interpreted Christ’s atoning sacrifice in different ways based on their socio-political milieu. One of such interpretations is Anselm’s satisfaction theory which considers the atonement as a supererogatory act that provided satisfaction for humankind’s disobedience of God. Like any other model of atonement, Anselm’s model has its strengths and limitations. The lack of literature on the contextual application of Anselm’s satisfaction theory to the Ghanaian context has prompted this study which appraises the theory and then discusses how it might address selected challenges facing the contemporary Ghanaian society. The methodology used for the first task comprised a synchronic historical review and conceptual analysis of existing literature on the satisfaction theory. Among other things, the study found that the satisfaction theory rightly considers God as the receiver of the atonement but fails to address pertinent issues regarding God’s redemptive and covenantal nature. This was followed by a comparative study between Anselm’s socioeconomic and political contexts and those of contemporary Ghana. Based on this, contextual applications of the theory were deduced for contemporary Ghana. The article contributes to the contemporary Christian discourse on the doctrine of soteriology and its relevance for the human society.
赎罪学说是基督教信仰逻辑的核心。作为基督教神学的核心部分,自基督教会出现以来,赎罪这一主题一直受到学术界的广泛关注。不同的学者根据其所处的社会政治环境对基督的赎罪祭做出了不同的解释。其中一种解释是安瑟伦的 "满足论",该理论认为赎罪是一种超然的行为,为人类违背上帝的行为提供了满足。与其他赎罪模式一样,安瑟伦的模式也有其优点和局限性。由于缺乏将安瑟伦的满足理论应用于加纳国情的文献,因此本研究对该理论进行了评估,然后讨论了如何应对当代加纳社会面临的某些挑战。第一项任务采用的方法包括对有关满意度理论的现有文献进行同步历史回顾和概念分析。研究发现,满足理论正确地将上帝视为赎罪的接受者,但却未能解决与上帝的救赎和契约性质相关的问题。随后,对安瑟伦的社会经济和政治背景与当代加纳的社会经济和政治背景进行了比较研究。在此基础上,推导出该理论在当代加纳的应用。这篇文章为当代基督教关于神学教义及其与人类社会相关性的讨论做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Immigrants and narrative 移民与叙事
Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.17570/stj.2024.v10n1.m3
John Klaasen
Since 1960 immigration has been mainly intra-continental on the African continent. With more countries achieving independence and the decline of colonization, there has been a significant decrease of intra-continental migration. Compared to the rest of the continent, South Africa has a relatively low emigration rate. The rate of people emigrating to European countries from Africa is higher than those who emigrate within the African continent. The narrative church provides the space for migrants to exercise their agency. Challenging distorted and false identities is one way of exercising agency. Narrative church welcomes migrants as the Other that form identity of both those who participate in the Christian narrative and those who are connected with the narrative through distant ways such as dialogue, virtual or intellectual and practical engagements.
自 1960 年以来,非洲大陆的移民主要是大陆内部移民。随着越来越多的国家实现独立和殖民化的衰落,非洲大陆内部移民大幅减少。与非洲大陆其他国家相比,南非的移民率相对较低。从非洲移民到欧洲国家的比率高于非洲大陆内部移民的比率。叙事教会为移民提供了发挥其能动性的空间。挑战扭曲和虚假的身份是行使权力的一种方式。叙事教会欢迎移民作为他者,形成那些参与基督教叙事的人和那些通过对话、虚拟或知识和实践参与等遥远方式与叙事联系在一起的人的身份。
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引用次数: 0
Reflections on Peter Nagel’s article 对彼得-纳格尔文章的思考
Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.17570/stj.2024.v10n1.1
Chris Jones
This is a response to an article written by South African New Testament scholar, Peter Nagel. The article draws on the thoughts of another South African New Testament scholar Andries van Aarde and of German theologian Bernhard Lohse, on the history of the doctrine of the Trinity. Concluding observations include inquiring as to how the church will effectively address this type of study in its deliberations and decisions.   
这是对南非新约学者彼得-纳格尔(Peter Nagel)所写文章的回应。文章借鉴了另一位南非新约学者安德里斯-范-阿尔德(Andries van Aarde)和德国神学家伯恩哈德-洛塞(Bernhard Lohse)关于三位一体教义历史的思想。文章的结论意见包括询问教会在审议和决策中将如何有效地处理这类研究。
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引用次数: 0
Paedagogia Homiletica Viatorum. 维托鲁姆教学法》(Paedagogia Homiletica Viatorum)。
Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.17570/stj.2024.v10n2.5
Cas Wepener
The four movements of the “Lukan liturgy” on the road to Emmaus, specifically the gathering, word, table and sending, are used to develop route markers for a homiletical pedagogy of the road for Africa. An argument is advanced for a special kind of contact between lecturer and students that takes seriously a variety of epistemologies and ontologies; for prioritising listening to speaking; for a pedagogy that serves a postcolonial imagination; and lastly, for a teleological orientation that works with an anthropology of desire and preaching as a Christopraxis event.
以马忤斯路上 "路加福音礼仪 "的四个动作,特别是聚会、话语、餐桌和差遣,被用来为非洲之路的讲道教学法制定路线标记。提出的论点包括:讲师与学生之间要有一种特殊的接触,要认真对待各种认识论和本体论;倾听要优先于发言;教学法要服务于后殖民想象;最后,要有一种目的论的取向,要与欲望人类学和作为基督传道活动的传道工作相结合。
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引用次数: 0
Preaching from the depth 深入浅出
Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.17570/stj.2024.v10n1.6
Ockert Meyer
Responding to a letter that lamented the lack of aesthetics and erudition in the church’s liturgy and preaching, Bonhoeffer indicates that he thinks the simple language of the bible must be retained, but crucial for him is the “depths out of which it arises”. Expanding on what he means by the “depth”, Bonhoeffer points his questioner to the books of Bernanos and how they reflect something of what the daily and personal encounters of preachers with the crucified Christ looks like. What does this mean in the context of contemporary preaching and how does it help us to better understand and practise the art of preaching at a time and in a world that is home to diverse cultures and largely values very different and more popular aesthetic and cultural expressions? Which lessons can we learn from Bonhoeffer’s “preaching from the depth” for contemporary preaching?”
朋霍费尔在回复一封感叹教会礼仪和布道缺乏美感和博学的信时指出,他认为必须保留《圣经》中简洁的语言,但对他来说至关重要的是 "它所产生的深度"。朋霍费尔进一步阐述了他所说的 "深度",他向提问者指出了伯纳诺斯的著作,以及这些著作如何反映了传道人每天与被钉十字架的基督的个人相遇。在当代布道的背景下,这意味着什么,它如何帮助我们更好地理解和实践布道艺术,在这样一个充满多元文化的时代和世界中?我们可以从邦霍费尔的 "深度布道 "中为当代布道汲取哪些经验教训?
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引用次数: 0
Karl Marx and the Catholic Church’s praxis 卡尔-马克思与天主教会的实践
Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.17570/stj.2024.v10n1.2
Stephen Phiri
This article addresses the question of whether a spiritual institution can be influenced by a secular ideology, which is conceived as ‘atheist’. Can a secular ideology influence and shape the nature and praxis of an institution which prides itself as having a predominant spiritual foundation. This article’s objective is not necessarily meant to provide an absolute doctrine but seeks to stimulate debate based on a reasonable connection of Socialist influence on the development of the Catholic Church’s praxis. This article argues that the Catholic Church’s praxis, which is explicitly embodied in the Catholic Social Teachings might have been influenced by a Marxist or Socialist/communist wave of the 19th Century. This article is guided by a literature-related historical enquiry method, which compares historical events in a bid to identify possible logical connections. Literature reveals that in as much as some Catholic related movements such as the Liberation Theology had an obvious connection with Marxism, the praxis of movements embodied in both the ‘Social Catholicism’ and ‘Catholic Action’ was shaped by the Church’s beliefs and contextual circumstances of its time. Literature further shows the Catholic Church neither subscribe to the Socialist revolutionary stance nor approve of its methodology, but it recognised the effects of these socialist movements toward the workers. Hence, the influence of these secular institutions cannot be totally dismissed, even though they did not shape its praxis.
本文探讨的问题是,一个精神机构是否会受到世俗意识形态(即 "无神论")的影响。世俗意识形态能否影响和塑造一个以精神基础为傲的机构的性质和实践。本文的目的并不一定是提供一种绝对的教义,而是试图在合理联系社会主义对天主教会实践发展的影响的基础上激发辩论。本文认为,明确体现在天主教社会教义中的天主教会实践可能受到了 19 世纪马克思主义或社会主义/共产主义浪潮的影响。本文以与文献相关的历史探究方法为指导,对历史事件进行比较,以找出可能的逻辑联系。文献显示,尽管解放神学等天主教相关运动与马克思主义有着明显的联系,但 "社会天主教 "和 "天主教行动 "所体现的运动实践是由教会的信仰和当时的背景环境所决定的。文献进一步表明,天主教会既不认同社会主义革命的立场,也不赞同其方法论,但它承认这些社会主义运动对工人的影响。因此,尽管这些世俗机构并未塑造天主教会的实践,但其影响却不能被完全抹杀。
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引用次数: 0
From gadgets towards community 从小玩意走向社区
Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.17570/stj.2024.v10n1.3
K. T. Resane
South Africa is a divided racially, religiously, economically, politically and digitally country. Gadgets become personal and humans gravitate towards them instead of towards each other where botho can be experienced. Technology has negative and positive impacts on the community. This article provides some practical steps from theological perspective for citizens to cross the digital divides. It is here recommended that botho be interpreted through communion ecclesiology lenses. To do this communion ecclesiology and botho will be elaborated, compared, and contrasted. Through the literature review and social media, these two tools are presented as a solution towards divided communities of faith. The findings are that the digital divides can be overcome through theological reflections, self-offering, and robust engagement with communities. The contribution made by this article is that communality cannot be bought. Becoming a spiritual community comes through self-denial and crossing the digital divides – being incarnationally present on the cutting edges of communities.
南非是一个在种族、宗教、经济、政治和数字方面都处于分裂状态的国家。小工具变成了个人的东西,人类倾向于使用它们,而不是相互使用,因为在那里可以同时体验到科技的魅力。技术对社会既有消极影响,也有积极影响。本文从神学角度为公民跨越数字鸿沟提供了一些实际步骤。本文建议通过共融教会论的视角来诠释 "Botho"。为此,将对共融教会神学和 botho 进行阐述、比较和对比。通过文献综述和社交媒体,这两种工具被视为解决信仰分裂问题的方法。研究结果表明,数字鸿沟可以通过神学反思、自我奉献和与社区的积极接触来克服。本文的贡献在于,社群是买不来的。通过自我牺牲和跨越数字鸿沟--以道成肉身的方式出现在社区的最前沿,才能成为一个精神社区。
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引用次数: 0
reformed theology critique of public health policies and practices in KwaZulu-Natal 改革神学对夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省公共卫生政策和实践的批判
Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.17570/stj.2024.v10n1.7
Nkosinathi Lawrence Mbatha
Churches are currently successfully involved in community development and empowerment, providing health workers and agencies with support and helping meet tangible needs of the people. Four fundamental areas are undertaken in responding to the reformed critique of public health policies and practices in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), namely: public health policies and practices in light of Reformed theology, public health policies and practices in KZN, the role of religion and religious entities in contributing to health in communities and to investigate the possibilities of collaboration between church and state to improve the public health system in KZN. The article aims to establish a common framework of strengths, barriers, and make recommendations for positive church responses to public health issues in order to inform an improved collaborative strategy.
目前,教会成功地参与了社区发展和赋权工作,为卫生工作者和机构提供支持,帮助满足人们的实际需求。本文从四个基本方面对夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省(KZN)的公共卫生政策和实践进行了改革性批判,即:从改革神学角度看公共卫生政策和实践、夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省的公共卫生政策和实践、宗教和宗教实体在促进社区健康方面的作用,以及调查教会与国家合作改善夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省公共卫生系统的可能性。文章旨在建立一个关于优势和障碍的共同框架,并就教会积极应对公共卫生问题提出建议,以便为改进合作战略提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Christ under the rubble 瓦砾下的基督
Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.17570/stj.2024.v10n1.5
John De Gruchy
In a brief comment from prison Dietrich Bonhoeffer asks how anyone can be happy in a time of war. In response he writes about founding aesthetic existence anew in the church. This essay examines what he meant by this in our own “time of war”. First, by considering Kierkegaard’s rejection of aestheticism, his affirmation of “living poetically” and the “passion of possibility.” Secondly, by recounting Bonhoeffer’s own journey from his early humanist formation and travels abroad to his involvement in the Resistance and imprisonment. Thirdly, by examining what Bonhoeffer meant by the church as a “sphere of freedom”. Fourthly, I discuss the examples Bonhoeffer suggests for nurturing aesthetic existence in the church (art, formation, friendship, and play).I wonder whether … it is only from the concept of the church that we can regain the understanding of the sphere of freedom (art, education, friendship, play). This means that aesthetic existence (Kierkegaard) is not to be banished from the church’s sphere; rather, it is precisely within the church that it would be founded anew. I actually believe this, and from here we could recover our connection with the Middle Ages! Who in our time could, for example, light-heartedly make music, nurture friendship, play, and be happy? Certainly not the “ethical” person, but only the Christian (Dietrich Bonhoeffer).The startling nativity scene of “Christ under the Rubble”, displayed in the Lutheran Church in Bethlehem during Advent 2023 was an icon of solidarity with the Palestinian people during the war on Gaza. Irrespective of how we evaluate it as a “work of art”, it is testimony to God’s incarnational solidarity with the suffering people of the world and an example of the prophetic role of art. How to understand that role within church and society and its theological significance led me to write Christianity, Art and Transformation twenty years ago. In doing so, I became more aware of the remarkable role that art in its various forms played in the struggle against apartheid, much of it outside the church. While it was important to recall and reflect on the role of art in the anti-apartheid struggle, my focus in writing Christianity, Art and Transformation was on the potential role of art in the creation of a more just world global society. In doing so I discussed Bonhoeffer’s passing comment on aesthetic existence, quoted above, in a letter from prison to Eberhard and Renate Bethge, his close friend and niece. That discussion was developed further by Adrian Coates in his dissertation published as The Aesthetics of Discipleship, and in a later essay on Bonhoeffer’s understanding of “mature aesthetics.” In what follows I take that discussion further with specific reference to ecclesiology within an unjust global context defined by war, most notably but not only in the Sudan, Ukraine and Palestine.
迪特里希-朋霍费尔在狱中的简短评论中问道,在战争时期,怎么会有人感到幸福。对此,他写道,要在教会中重新建立审美的存在。这篇文章探讨了他在我们自己的 "战争时代 "所表达的意思。首先,通过考虑克尔凯郭尔对唯美主义的反对、他对 "诗意地生活 "和 "可能性的激情 "的肯定。其次,通过讲述朋霍费尔自己从早期人文主义的形成和海外旅行到参与抵抗运动和入狱的历程。第三,探讨朋霍费尔所说的教会作为 "自由领域 "的含义。第四,我讨论了朋霍费尔提出的在教会中培养审美存在(艺术、教育、友谊和游戏)的例子。我想知道......是否只有从教会的概念出发,我们才能重新理解自由领域(艺术、教育、友谊和游戏)。这意味着审美的存在(克尔凯郭尔)并没有被从教会的领域中驱逐出去,相反,它恰恰是在教会中重新建立起来的。我确实相信这一点,从这里我们可以恢复与中世纪的联系!比如说,在我们这个时代,有谁能轻松愉快地创作音乐、培养友谊、玩耍并获得快乐呢?当然不是 "有道德 "的人,而只能是基督徒(迪特里希-朋霍费尔)。2023 年降临节期间在伯利恒路德教会展出的 "瓦砾下的基督 "这一惊人的耶稣诞生场景,是加沙战争期间声援巴勒斯坦人民的标志。无论我们如何评价它是一件 "艺术作品",它都是上帝道成肉身声援世界受难人民的见证,也是艺术发挥先知作用的范例。如何理解艺术在教会和社会中的作用及其神学意义,促使我在二十年前撰写了《基督教、艺术与变革》一书。在此过程中,我更加意识到各种形式的艺术在反对种族隔离的斗争中所发挥的非凡作用,其中大部分都是在教会之外进行的。回顾和反思艺术在反种族隔离斗争中的作用固然重要,但我在撰写《基督教、艺术与变革》一书时关注的重点是艺术在创造一个更加公正的全球社会中的潜在作用。为此,我讨论了上文引用的朋霍费尔在狱中写给他的挚友和侄女埃伯哈德-贝格(Eberhard Bethge)和雷娜特-贝格(Renate Bethge)的信中对美学存在的顺便评论。阿德里安-科茨(Adrian Coates)在他以《门徒美学》(The Aesthetics of Discipleship)为题发表的论文中,以及在后来一篇关于朋霍费尔对 "成熟美学 "的理解的文章中,对这一讨论作了进一步的阐释。在下文中,我将进一步讨论这一问题,并具体提及在不公正的全球战争背景下的教会学,尤其是在苏丹、乌克兰和巴勒斯坦。
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引用次数: 0
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Stellenbosch Theological Journal
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