Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1163/23524588-00001042
M. Van Peer, S. Berrens, C. Coudron, I. Noyens, G.R. Verheye, S. Van Miert
Several alternative approaches have been proposed to address the need for sustainable protein sources within our existing food and feed systems. Insects are regarded as a promising alternative, which has led to increased attention from researchers worldwide. Acheta domesticus, the house cricket, is considered a potential insect species for industrial production and various applications due to its high nutritious value. Since it is expected that A. domesticus and its applications will continue to rise as an important field of study, the standardisation of production techniques are needed. Nowadays, variation in the measurement of parameters and differences in experimental design limit the comparison among studies and, therefore, the ability to build upon existing knowledge. By identifying gaps in current protocols and providing suggestions on rearing practices and reporting, this paper aims to take the first step towards standardisation of the production and characterisation of Acheta domesticus for research purposes. This initiative primarily focusses on research practices evaluating the impact of feed and environmental conditions on the performance of house crickets.
{"title":"Towards good practices for research on Acheta domesticus, the house cricket","authors":"M. Van Peer, S. Berrens, C. Coudron, I. Noyens, G.R. Verheye, S. Van Miert","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Several alternative approaches have been proposed to address the need for sustainable protein sources within our existing food and feed systems. Insects are regarded as a promising alternative, which has led to increased attention from researchers worldwide. Acheta domesticus, the house cricket, is considered a potential insect species for industrial production and various applications due to its high nutritious value. Since it is expected that A. domesticus and its applications will continue to rise as an important field of study, the standardisation of production techniques are needed. Nowadays, variation in the measurement of parameters and differences in experimental design limit the comparison among studies and, therefore, the ability to build upon existing knowledge. By identifying gaps in current protocols and providing suggestions on rearing practices and reporting, this paper aims to take the first step towards standardisation of the production and characterisation of Acheta domesticus for research purposes. This initiative primarily focusses on research practices evaluating the impact of feed and environmental conditions on the performance of house crickets.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20220175
T. Muraro, L. Lalanne, L. Pelozuelo, D. Calas-List
Black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is a promising species to valorise organic wastes and agricultural co-products into nutrient-rich animal feed. Thus, basic knowledge of its reproductive behaviour is needed to optimize its rearing processes and future selection. In this study, we investigated the reproductive behaviour (mating and egg-laying) of a mass-breeding BSF strain to (1) determine whether their females were monandrous or polyandrous, (2) describe the impact of multiple mating on egg production and fertility, and (3) describe where and when caged individuals mate and lay eggs. Newly emerged adults were individually tagged with acrylic paint to monitor their mating and egg-laying behaviour during their entire lifetime. Our results indicate that adults mated on average three times before dying, with different or even former partners. Some of them mated up to nine times. We also provide the first observation of multiple egg-laying for domesticated H. illucens females and show that virgin females can lay unfertilized eggs, in smaller quantities compared to mated ones. Finally, this study provides the first evidences that H. illucens can be polygynandrous and that multi-mated females can lay eggs several times, thus increasing egg production, in mass breeding conditions.
{"title":"Mating and oviposition of a breeding strain of black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae): polygynandry and multiple egg-laying","authors":"T. Muraro, L. Lalanne, L. Pelozuelo, D. Calas-List","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20220175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20220175","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is a promising species to valorise organic wastes and agricultural co-products into nutrient-rich animal feed. Thus, basic knowledge of its reproductive behaviour is needed to optimize its rearing processes and future selection. In this study, we investigated the reproductive behaviour (mating and egg-laying) of a mass-breeding BSF strain to (1) determine whether their females were monandrous or polyandrous, (2) describe the impact of multiple mating on egg production and fertility, and (3) describe where and when caged individuals mate and lay eggs. Newly emerged adults were individually tagged with acrylic paint to monitor their mating and egg-laying behaviour during their entire lifetime. Our results indicate that adults mated on average three times before dying, with different or even former partners. Some of them mated up to nine times. We also provide the first observation of multiple egg-laying for domesticated H. illucens females and show that virgin females can lay unfertilized eggs, in smaller quantities compared to mated ones. Finally, this study provides the first evidences that H. illucens can be polygynandrous and that multi-mated females can lay eggs several times, thus increasing egg production, in mass breeding conditions.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"87 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139872828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20220175
T. Muraro, L. Lalanne, L. Pelozuelo, D. Calas-List
Black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is a promising species to valorise organic wastes and agricultural co-products into nutrient-rich animal feed. Thus, basic knowledge of its reproductive behaviour is needed to optimize its rearing processes and future selection. In this study, we investigated the reproductive behaviour (mating and egg-laying) of a mass-breeding BSF strain to (1) determine whether their females were monandrous or polyandrous, (2) describe the impact of multiple mating on egg production and fertility, and (3) describe where and when caged individuals mate and lay eggs. Newly emerged adults were individually tagged with acrylic paint to monitor their mating and egg-laying behaviour during their entire lifetime. Our results indicate that adults mated on average three times before dying, with different or even former partners. Some of them mated up to nine times. We also provide the first observation of multiple egg-laying for domesticated H. illucens females and show that virgin females can lay unfertilized eggs, in smaller quantities compared to mated ones. Finally, this study provides the first evidences that H. illucens can be polygynandrous and that multi-mated females can lay eggs several times, thus increasing egg production, in mass breeding conditions.
{"title":"Mating and oviposition of a breeding strain of black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae): polygynandry and multiple egg-laying","authors":"T. Muraro, L. Lalanne, L. Pelozuelo, D. Calas-List","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20220175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20220175","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is a promising species to valorise organic wastes and agricultural co-products into nutrient-rich animal feed. Thus, basic knowledge of its reproductive behaviour is needed to optimize its rearing processes and future selection. In this study, we investigated the reproductive behaviour (mating and egg-laying) of a mass-breeding BSF strain to (1) determine whether their females were monandrous or polyandrous, (2) describe the impact of multiple mating on egg production and fertility, and (3) describe where and when caged individuals mate and lay eggs. Newly emerged adults were individually tagged with acrylic paint to monitor their mating and egg-laying behaviour during their entire lifetime. Our results indicate that adults mated on average three times before dying, with different or even former partners. Some of them mated up to nine times. We also provide the first observation of multiple egg-laying for domesticated H. illucens females and show that virgin females can lay unfertilized eggs, in smaller quantities compared to mated ones. Finally, this study provides the first evidences that H. illucens can be polygynandrous and that multi-mated females can lay eggs several times, thus increasing egg production, in mass breeding conditions.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"152 S308","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139812938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230119
M. Ottoboni, L. Ferrari, P. Bonilauri, F. Defilippo, A. Grisendi, M. Della Porta, R. Cazzola, L. Pinotti
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for livestock. To ensure an adequate intake is achieved, several supplementation sources have been studied targeting the different animal species. Although Se-enriched yeast remains one of the main sources of organic Se, other emerging and innovative sources, such as Se-enriched insects, could be useful for their potential use in animal nutrition. The purpose of this work was to study the effects of including algae ad/or Se in the rearing substrate of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), where an absolute lack of information regarding nutritional compositional and multigenerational effect was identified. In this study, BSFL were reared on three different substrates: (1) a control substrate (CTR diet) of plant-ingredients (Gainesville diet), and (2) Ascophyllum nodosum diet (AN30%), with 30% substitution of the alfalfa meal with the brown algae and iii) a Se diet, where the CTR diet was fortified with 0.3 mg/kg of Se. All experiments were carried out under dark condition, at 25 °C with 70% relative humidity. The inclusion of algae seems to lengthen both larval and development time, while only minor effects were observed with the inclusion of Se in the diet. The multigenerational trial, however, showed that the substrates hereby studied (AN30% and Se diet) both affect the future generation of BSF, with considerably lower both egg-laying performance and hatching performance than in the CTR group. However, more studies are necessary to determine the effect of algae and Se on reproductive performance of BSF as well as the proximate composition of BSFL.
{"title":"Multigenerational effect of seaweed or selenium enriched substrates on nutritional composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)","authors":"M. Ottoboni, L. Ferrari, P. Bonilauri, F. Defilippo, A. Grisendi, M. Della Porta, R. Cazzola, L. Pinotti","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230119","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for livestock. To ensure an adequate intake is achieved, several supplementation sources have been studied targeting the different animal species. Although Se-enriched yeast remains one of the main sources of organic Se, other emerging and innovative sources, such as Se-enriched insects, could be useful for their potential use in animal nutrition. The purpose of this work was to study the effects of including algae ad/or Se in the rearing substrate of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), where an absolute lack of information regarding nutritional compositional and multigenerational effect was identified. In this study, BSFL were reared on three different substrates: (1) a control substrate (CTR diet) of plant-ingredients (Gainesville diet), and (2) Ascophyllum nodosum diet (AN30%), with 30% substitution of the alfalfa meal with the brown algae and iii) a Se diet, where the CTR diet was fortified with 0.3 mg/kg of Se. All experiments were carried out under dark condition, at 25 °C with 70% relative humidity. The inclusion of algae seems to lengthen both larval and development time, while only minor effects were observed with the inclusion of Se in the diet. The multigenerational trial, however, showed that the substrates hereby studied (AN30% and Se diet) both affect the future generation of BSF, with considerably lower both egg-laying performance and hatching performance than in the CTR group. However, more studies are necessary to determine the effect of algae and Se on reproductive performance of BSF as well as the proximate composition of BSFL.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140488211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230075
X. Wang, L. Fu, J.M. Ma, Q. Li, Y. Sun, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang
In recent years, the rapid growth of the global population has led to a serious shortage of food resources, necessitating the exploration and utilization of new resources. Edible insects have gained attention due to their high protein content, similar to that of traditional meat proteins, along with a host of beneficial nutritional and health properties. Besides their wonderful nutritional composition, edible insect proteins also have various health benefits like antioxidation, anti-hypertension, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial activity, and immunoregulation. However, considerations regarding their safety and hygienic characteristics are crucial for their widespread development as a new protein source. Herein, we systematically summarized the nutritional value and functional features of insect protein, additionally, their applications and health benefits were also reviewed. Finally, their safety aspects and prospect of further research were also discussed in order to provide beneficial references for future research.
{"title":"A review of edible insect proteins application: health benefits and safety","authors":"X. Wang, L. Fu, J.M. Ma, Q. Li, Y. Sun, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230075","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In recent years, the rapid growth of the global population has led to a serious shortage of food resources, necessitating the exploration and utilization of new resources. Edible insects have gained attention due to their high protein content, similar to that of traditional meat proteins, along with a host of beneficial nutritional and health properties. Besides their wonderful nutritional composition, edible insect proteins also have various health benefits like antioxidation, anti-hypertension, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial activity, and immunoregulation. However, considerations regarding their safety and hygienic characteristics are crucial for their widespread development as a new protein source. Herein, we systematically summarized the nutritional value and functional features of insect protein, additionally, their applications and health benefits were also reviewed. Finally, their safety aspects and prospect of further research were also discussed in order to provide beneficial references for future research.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"54 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140487150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230059
S. K. Debrah, J. P. Anankware, G.M. Malinga, S. Asomah, D. Obeng-Ofori
Consumption of African Palm Weevil larvae is a potential solution to the escalating need for protein in Ghana. Currently, insect farmers rely heavily on agricultural by-products, for their production. However, the changes in nutritional content of these substrates over the duration of the larval stage is not well understood as its decline could have a negative effect on the larval development. The palm weevil larvae were reared on eleven (11) substrates and the changes in the nutrient content of the substrates over time during the larval rearing duration, and their effect on larval survival, larval duration and larval weight were assessed. The substrates tested included cocoyam cake, spoilt onion, banana corm, spoilt garden eggs, coconut coir, cocoa pod, raphia palm, elephant ear corm, sliced false yam, sugarcane and palm yolk. The substrate samples were collected weekly from the first to the fourth week and analysed for crude fat, crude protein, ash and carbohydrate contents. The nutritional content of all the substrates did not differ in the first week. However, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate significantly differed in the second, third, and fourth weeks. Larval survival, larval duration and weight of larvae were significantly affected by the changes in the nutrient content of the substrates in the second, third and fourth weeks. The results showed that elephant ear corm, sliced false yam and palm yolk have necessary nutritional requirements to sustain the larvae during development.
{"title":"Variation in substrate nutritional composition and its effects on the growth, development, and nutrient composition of Rhynchophorus phoenicis Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)","authors":"S. K. Debrah, J. P. Anankware, G.M. Malinga, S. Asomah, D. Obeng-Ofori","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Consumption of African Palm Weevil larvae is a potential solution to the escalating need for protein in Ghana. Currently, insect farmers rely heavily on agricultural by-products, for their production. However, the changes in nutritional content of these substrates over the duration of the larval stage is not well understood as its decline could have a negative effect on the larval development. The palm weevil larvae were reared on eleven (11) substrates and the changes in the nutrient content of the substrates over time during the larval rearing duration, and their effect on larval survival, larval duration and larval weight were assessed. The substrates tested included cocoyam cake, spoilt onion, banana corm, spoilt garden eggs, coconut coir, cocoa pod, raphia palm, elephant ear corm, sliced false yam, sugarcane and palm yolk. The substrate samples were collected weekly from the first to the fourth week and analysed for crude fat, crude protein, ash and carbohydrate contents. The nutritional content of all the substrates did not differ in the first week. However, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate significantly differed in the second, third, and fourth weeks. Larval survival, larval duration and weight of larvae were significantly affected by the changes in the nutrient content of the substrates in the second, third and fourth weeks. The results showed that elephant ear corm, sliced false yam and palm yolk have necessary nutritional requirements to sustain the larvae during development.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"35 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1163/23524588-241001ed
G. Tettamanti, D. Bruno
In recent years the entomological landscape has witnessed substantial progress in the promotion of insects for food and feed purposes. In particular, the black soldier fly (BSF) sector is experiencing an unprecedented expansion and is attracting growing attention from both researchers and entrepreneurs. Despite the well-established supply chain based on the valorisation of waste and by-products by BSF larvae for producing feedstuff, the BSF industry is considering alternative challenging substrates for rearing the larvae and exploring novel applications of bioactive molecules from BSF beyond animal feed. This editorial challenges the conventional boundaries of the insects for food and feed sector, and delves into the innovative use of BSF proteins, lipids, and chitin, pointing out diverse opportunities across the biomedical, biotechnological, agricultural, zootechnical, and environmental sectors that could further propel the utilisation of this insect.
{"title":"Black soldier fly larvae should be considered beyond their use as feedstuff","authors":"G. Tettamanti, D. Bruno","doi":"10.1163/23524588-241001ed","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-241001ed","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In recent years the entomological landscape has witnessed substantial progress in the promotion of insects for food and feed purposes. In particular, the black soldier fly (BSF) sector is experiencing an unprecedented expansion and is attracting growing attention from both researchers and entrepreneurs. Despite the well-established supply chain based on the valorisation of waste and by-products by BSF larvae for producing feedstuff, the BSF industry is considering alternative challenging substrates for rearing the larvae and exploring novel applications of bioactive molecules from BSF beyond animal feed. This editorial challenges the conventional boundaries of the insects for food and feed sector, and delves into the innovative use of BSF proteins, lipids, and chitin, pointing out diverse opportunities across the biomedical, biotechnological, agricultural, zootechnical, and environmental sectors that could further propel the utilisation of this insect.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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