Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1163/23524588-00001009
S. S. Mwanza, C. M. Mudalungu, N. Kimani, H. O. Mokaya, B. O. Ochieng, S. Juma, C. Tanga
Edible scarab beetles are important repositories for nutritive and bioactive compounds, but this information remains largely unexplored. This study explored the nutritional and therapeutic properties of two edible scarab beetles from three different locations (Embu, Murang’a and Nairobi Counties) in Kenya. Morphological and molecular characterization of the wild collected larvae revealed two important edible beetle species (Cetonia aurata L. and Oryctes rhinoceros L.). The larvae of both species are excellent source of crude proteins (44% for O. rhinoceros and 63% for C. aurata). The larvae of O. rhinoceros were rich in minerals, particularly calcium (15.75-22.65 mg/g) and potassium (13.62-22.88 mg/g). The anti-radical activity of C. aurata larvae ranged between 91% and 92% across the various target sites. Lysine was the most important and abundant amino acid in both larvae (>5 mg/g). The larvae of C. aurata and O. rhinoceros are a good source of unsaturated fatty acids like Methyl-8Z, 11Z, 14Z-eicosatrienoate (32 mg/g) and Methyl-9Z-octadecenoate (9.47-120.84 mg/g). The entomochemicals of phenolic nature derived from the beetle larvae portray a unique opportunity to supply and improve high quality nutritious food with enhanced ability to get-rid of free radicals, thus promoting good health and well-being of the consumers. Future development of foods supplemented with scarab beetle larvae derived products must consider the preservation of potential benefits of not only nutrients, but also nutraceuticals. However, in-depth research is still needed to guarantee the bioactivity in processed foods and ensure quality control test before the release of these products to the market.
{"title":"Nutritional and antioxidant properties of two species of edible scarab beetles (Cetonia aurata and Oryctes rhinoceros)","authors":"S. S. Mwanza, C. M. Mudalungu, N. Kimani, H. O. Mokaya, B. O. Ochieng, S. Juma, C. Tanga","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Edible scarab beetles are important repositories for nutritive and bioactive compounds, but this information remains largely unexplored. This study explored the nutritional and therapeutic properties of two edible scarab beetles from three different locations (Embu, Murang’a and Nairobi Counties) in Kenya. Morphological and molecular characterization of the wild collected larvae revealed two important edible beetle species (Cetonia aurata L. and Oryctes rhinoceros L.). The larvae of both species are excellent source of crude proteins (44% for O. rhinoceros and 63% for C. aurata). The larvae of O. rhinoceros were rich in minerals, particularly calcium (15.75-22.65 mg/g) and potassium (13.62-22.88 mg/g). The anti-radical activity of C. aurata larvae ranged between 91% and 92% across the various target sites. Lysine was the most important and abundant amino acid in both larvae (>5 mg/g). The larvae of C. aurata and O. rhinoceros are a good source of unsaturated fatty acids like Methyl-8Z, 11Z, 14Z-eicosatrienoate (32 mg/g) and Methyl-9Z-octadecenoate (9.47-120.84 mg/g). The entomochemicals of phenolic nature derived from the beetle larvae portray a unique opportunity to supply and improve high quality nutritious food with enhanced ability to get-rid of free radicals, thus promoting good health and well-being of the consumers. Future development of foods supplemented with scarab beetle larvae derived products must consider the preservation of potential benefits of not only nutrients, but also nutraceuticals. However, in-depth research is still needed to guarantee the bioactivity in processed foods and ensure quality control test before the release of these products to the market.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1163/23524588-00001162
L. Vázquez, R. Hurtado-Ribeira, C.S. López de Haro, D. Martín
Lauric acid is present in various vegetable fats and has been shown to be beneficial for human health and well-being. The interest in the properties of this fatty acid has led to an increase in the production and consumption of oils rich in lauric acid, primarily coconut oil. Despite being less known, there is an atypical animal source of lauric acid that can be considered more sustainable and that has levels of this fatty acid comparable to coconut oil, as the case of the larvae of the edible insect black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is. Due to the fact that some of the bioactive properties of lauric acid are linked to its free form, and also to facilitate subsequent concentration processes, the release of the fatty acid from the triacylglycerols present in fats becomes necessary. In this study, chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis for transforming both lauric acid-rich fats into a product rich in free fatty acids (FFA) were investigated. Different variables were studied, such as reaction time and the amount of catalyst used, resulting in maximum conversions to FFA in the case of chemical hydrolysis in just 20 min for both fats. Furthermore, the efficiency of the lipase Eversa® Transform 2.0 in generating a lauric acid-rich product from both oils was demonstrated, but in this case, a longer time was needed. The products obtained through both types of hydrolysis contained high percentages of free lauric acid, also exhibiting high stability against oxidation. This makes H. illucens larvae fat a comparable and alternative source to coconut oil to produce lauric-acid rich products useful for different applications.
{"title":"Hermetia illucens larvae fat vs coconut oil to obtain free lauric acid-rich products by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis","authors":"L. Vázquez, R. Hurtado-Ribeira, C.S. López de Haro, D. Martín","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001162","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Lauric acid is present in various vegetable fats and has been shown to be beneficial for human health and well-being. The interest in the properties of this fatty acid has led to an increase in the production and consumption of oils rich in lauric acid, primarily coconut oil. Despite being less known, there is an atypical animal source of lauric acid that can be considered more sustainable and that has levels of this fatty acid comparable to coconut oil, as the case of the larvae of the edible insect black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is. Due to the fact that some of the bioactive properties of lauric acid are linked to its free form, and also to facilitate subsequent concentration processes, the release of the fatty acid from the triacylglycerols present in fats becomes necessary. In this study, chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis for transforming both lauric acid-rich fats into a product rich in free fatty acids (FFA) were investigated. Different variables were studied, such as reaction time and the amount of catalyst used, resulting in maximum conversions to FFA in the case of chemical hydrolysis in just 20 min for both fats. Furthermore, the efficiency of the lipase Eversa® Transform 2.0 in generating a lauric acid-rich product from both oils was demonstrated, but in this case, a longer time was needed. The products obtained through both types of hydrolysis contained high percentages of free lauric acid, also exhibiting high stability against oxidation. This makes H. illucens larvae fat a comparable and alternative source to coconut oil to produce lauric-acid rich products useful for different applications.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":" 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140993557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230108
S.Q. Nasir, E. Palupi, Z. Nasution, A. Ploeger, I. Susanto, B. Setiawan, R. Rimbawan, A. Jayanegara
With the global population set to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, posing a potential 75% increase in food demand, this study examined the viability of edible insects as a sustainable protein source compared with beef. Employing a meta-analysis approach, data were synthesized from studies conducted over the past 13 years, using Hedges’ d effect size and mixed model methods. The parameter values included the nutritional, environmental, and economic aspects of edible insects. Out of 10,119 articles screened, 222 were selected for analysis, revealing 135 different species. Subsequently, 10 species were selected, based on the most comprehensive data available, for mixed model analysis. Although the protein content of these 10 edible insect species was generally lower than that of beef, certain species exhibited amino acid scores surpassing those of beef. Edible insects also exhibited significantly higher calcium, iron, and zinc content compared with beef. Environmental aspects may enhance the value of edible insects as they exhibited greater advantages compared with beef. Despite some identified risks in incorporating edible insects into the diets of humans and animals, there remain potential areas for further investigation and development, such as addressing fat content, indigestible carbohydrate, availability, and sustainability aspects. Further research is required to promote local edible insect products as nutritious food and feed.
{"title":"Edible insects as a sustainable protein source: a meta-analysis","authors":"S.Q. Nasir, E. Palupi, Z. Nasution, A. Ploeger, I. Susanto, B. Setiawan, R. Rimbawan, A. Jayanegara","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230108","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000With the global population set to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, posing a potential 75% increase in food demand, this study examined the viability of edible insects as a sustainable protein source compared with beef. Employing a meta-analysis approach, data were synthesized from studies conducted over the past 13 years, using Hedges’ d effect size and mixed model methods. The parameter values included the nutritional, environmental, and economic aspects of edible insects. Out of 10,119 articles screened, 222 were selected for analysis, revealing 135 different species. Subsequently, 10 species were selected, based on the most comprehensive data available, for mixed model analysis. Although the protein content of these 10 edible insect species was generally lower than that of beef, certain species exhibited amino acid scores surpassing those of beef. Edible insects also exhibited significantly higher calcium, iron, and zinc content compared with beef. Environmental aspects may enhance the value of edible insects as they exhibited greater advantages compared with beef. Despite some identified risks in incorporating edible insects into the diets of humans and animals, there remain potential areas for further investigation and development, such as addressing fat content, indigestible carbohydrate, availability, and sustainability aspects. Further research is required to promote local edible insect products as nutritious food and feed.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140998376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1163/23524588-00001041
G. Tiboldo, N. Casolani, M. C. Reguzzi, F. Cominelli, S. Coderoni, L. Arata, E. Mazzoni
The use of insects as a protein source in feed production can significantly improve the sustainability of livestock production. Despite several environmental and animal welfare benefits, the economic sustainability of such an approach depends on the level of consumer acceptance and willingness to pay for insect-fed poultry diets. Using the results of an online survey of more than 850 Italian consumers, we first examine the main differences between two groups of consumers: those who are willing to buy insect-fed poultry meat and eggs and those who are not. The t-test is used to search for statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of their stated preferences for key food attributes that influence purchase decisions, as well as their view on food safety, quality and environmental issues. We then use ordered logit regression to estimate the determinants of consumers’ willingness to pay a price premium for insect-fed poultry compared to conventional poultry products. Particular attention is paid to the possible role of trust in the ability of the food system to provide safe food in influencing consumers’ preferences. The results show that consumers who are willing to buy insect-fed meat and eggs are more environmentally aware, have a stronger belief in the crucial role that changes in current food consumption patterns can play for the environment and social well-being, and have a higher level of trust in the system that guarantees food safety. The willingness to pay a price premium for insect-fed poultry food is mainly influenced by respondents’ beliefs about insect-fed poultry food, especially in terms of its expected quality characteristics and animal welfare. Findings from this analysis could provide insights into investments to ensure the economic sustainability of a more circular supply chain.
在饲料生产中使用昆虫作为蛋白质来源可显著提高畜牧业生产的可持续性。尽管这种方法对环境和动物福利有诸多益处，但其经济可持续性取决于消费者对昆虫饲喂家禽日粮的接受程度和支付意愿。通过对 850 多名意大利消费者的在线调查结果，我们首先研究了两类消费者之间的主要差异：愿意购买昆虫喂养禽肉和禽蛋的消费者和不愿意购买的消费者。我们使用 t 检验法来寻找两组消费者在影响购买决策的主要食品属性的偏好以及对食品安全、质量和环境问题的看法方面是否存在统计学意义上的显著差异。然后，我们使用有序对数回归法估算消费者愿意为昆虫喂养家禽支付高于传统家禽产品价格的决定因素。我们特别关注了信任食品系统提供安全食品的能力在影响消费者偏好方面可能发挥的作用。研究结果表明，愿意购买昆虫饲养肉类和蛋类的消费者具有更强的环保意识，更相信改变当前的食品消费模式对环境和社会福祉的重要作用，并且对保障食品安全的系统具有更高的信任度。受访者是否愿意为昆虫饲养家禽食品支付溢价主要受其对昆虫饲养家禽食品的看法影响，尤其是对其预期质量特征和动物福利的看法。这一分析结果可为投资提供启示，以确保更循环的供应链的经济可持续性。
{"title":"Factors influencing Italian consumers’ willingness to buy and pay for insect-fed poultry products","authors":"G. Tiboldo, N. Casolani, M. C. Reguzzi, F. Cominelli, S. Coderoni, L. Arata, E. Mazzoni","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The use of insects as a protein source in feed production can significantly improve the sustainability of livestock production. Despite several environmental and animal welfare benefits, the economic sustainability of such an approach depends on the level of consumer acceptance and willingness to pay for insect-fed poultry diets. Using the results of an online survey of more than 850 Italian consumers, we first examine the main differences between two groups of consumers: those who are willing to buy insect-fed poultry meat and eggs and those who are not. The t-test is used to search for statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of their stated preferences for key food attributes that influence purchase decisions, as well as their view on food safety, quality and environmental issues. We then use ordered logit regression to estimate the determinants of consumers’ willingness to pay a price premium for insect-fed poultry compared to conventional poultry products. Particular attention is paid to the possible role of trust in the ability of the food system to provide safe food in influencing consumers’ preferences. The results show that consumers who are willing to buy insect-fed meat and eggs are more environmentally aware, have a stronger belief in the crucial role that changes in current food consumption patterns can play for the environment and social well-being, and have a higher level of trust in the system that guarantees food safety. The willingness to pay a price premium for insect-fed poultry food is mainly influenced by respondents’ beliefs about insect-fed poultry food, especially in terms of its expected quality characteristics and animal welfare. Findings from this analysis could provide insights into investments to ensure the economic sustainability of a more circular supply chain.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141014616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1163/23524588-00001005
S. Siddiqui, K. Thanpandiyan, D. Adli, B. Yudhistira, I. Fernando, P. De Palo
Insects have long been a part of the human diet, but their appeal as a human meal has only grown in recent years due to their potential as a vast future food supply with high nutritional value and significant environmental benefits. The African palm weevil (APW) larvae (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) is one of the promising insects with promise in food application. This paper provides a comprehensive review of APW larvae based on bioecological, consumption, nutritional value, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties, and consumer acceptance. APW larvae are an alternative food, especially in the African region, that has been consumed by people for a long time. Over time, APW larvae consumption has developed both in terms of quantity and quality; this is indicated by an increase in APW farming followed by diversification of processed products. APW larvae contain high nutrients, including amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals. In several African countries, APW has been utilized in various dishes prepared using different methods. APW farming has economic potential that can increase people’s income. APW larvae are highly accessible, inexpensive, have low environmental footprints, and have the potential to solve food poverty in Africa. This study is intended to provide policymakers with a framework for developing and implementing more appropriate rules and regulations to support the expansion of the APW industry.
{"title":"Overview of the African palm weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) as food and feed – A critical review","authors":"S. Siddiqui, K. Thanpandiyan, D. Adli, B. Yudhistira, I. Fernando, P. De Palo","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Insects have long been a part of the human diet, but their appeal as a human meal has only grown in recent years due to their potential as a vast future food supply with high nutritional value and significant environmental benefits. The African palm weevil (APW) larvae (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) is one of the promising insects with promise in food application. This paper provides a comprehensive review of APW larvae based on bioecological, consumption, nutritional value, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties, and consumer acceptance. APW larvae are an alternative food, especially in the African region, that has been consumed by people for a long time. Over time, APW larvae consumption has developed both in terms of quantity and quality; this is indicated by an increase in APW farming followed by diversification of processed products. APW larvae contain high nutrients, including amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals. In several African countries, APW has been utilized in various dishes prepared using different methods. APW farming has economic potential that can increase people’s income. APW larvae are highly accessible, inexpensive, have low environmental footprints, and have the potential to solve food poverty in Africa. This study is intended to provide policymakers with a framework for developing and implementing more appropriate rules and regulations to support the expansion of the APW industry.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"18 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141019985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1163/23524588-00001151
E. Kim, H.-J. Koo, J.-Y. Kim, J.H. Baek, C.-O. Kim, K. Park, J.-S. Yoon
The emergence and spread of densovirus infections pose significant challenges to the cricket industries in South Korea, where two-spotted crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) serve as crucial feed for fish and reptiles. Diseased two-spotted crickets were collected from the reported farms and examined to identify pathogens. Through metatranscriptome analysis and virome sequencing, we elucidated the complete genome sequence of Gryllus bimaculatus densovirus (GbDV) and characterized its structural and nonstructural protein coding regions, including inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) and conserved motifs; as of yet, there is no reported densovirus infection in G. bimaculatus. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of densovirus particles in infected crickets. Viral load assays were conducted in a timely and regional manner across 20 cricket farms to monitor the spread of the virus and its adverse impact on cricket availability in the market throughout South Korea. The rapid decline in the number of cricket farms highlights the urgent need for proactive disease surveillance and control methods to mitigate the economic and ecological consequences of densovirus infections.
{"title":"Crisis in South Korean cricket farms: Occurrence of Gryllus bimaculatus densovirus and its spread","authors":"E. Kim, H.-J. Koo, J.-Y. Kim, J.H. Baek, C.-O. Kim, K. Park, J.-S. Yoon","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001151","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The emergence and spread of densovirus infections pose significant challenges to the cricket industries in South Korea, where two-spotted crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) serve as crucial feed for fish and reptiles. Diseased two-spotted crickets were collected from the reported farms and examined to identify pathogens. Through metatranscriptome analysis and virome sequencing, we elucidated the complete genome sequence of Gryllus bimaculatus densovirus (GbDV) and characterized its structural and nonstructural protein coding regions, including inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) and conserved motifs; as of yet, there is no reported densovirus infection in G. bimaculatus. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of densovirus particles in infected crickets. Viral load assays were conducted in a timely and regional manner across 20 cricket farms to monitor the spread of the virus and its adverse impact on cricket availability in the market throughout South Korea. The rapid decline in the number of cricket farms highlights the urgent need for proactive disease surveillance and control methods to mitigate the economic and ecological consequences of densovirus infections.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141030618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-26DOI: 10.1163/23524588-00001076
O. Oupathumpanont, S. Wisansakkul
This research (1) developed a formula and production process for yogurt made from alternative protein, (2) studied the physical properties, nutrition, microorganisms, and consumer acceptance of yogurt made from alternative protein, and (3) assessed the shelf life of yogurt made from alternative protein. Formula development and production process factors included the ratio of bamboo worms to water (1:1 and 2:1), the amount of powdered milk (6% and 8%), and the incubation time (8 and 10 hours). The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design CRD. Results showed that the optimal formula for producing yogurt products made from alternative protein consisted of ratio of bamboo worms to water 2:1, powered milk 8%, and incubation time 8 hours at 40 °C. Nutritional value (per 100 g) was 30.56 μg vitamin A, 70.04 mg calcium, 8.98 g protein, 2.68 g dietary fiber, and essential amino acids including 224.73 mg threonine, 333.91 mg valine, 368.75 mg lysine, and 419.82 mg leucine. The average consumer preference score was 6.79 ± 1.47. A total of 67.81% of consumers decided to buy alternative protein yogurt products, and after receiving nutritional information about alternative protein yogurt products this number increased to 89.81%. The shelf life of the product stored at 4 °C was not more than 4 weeks.
{"title":"Development of yogurt products from alternative protein","authors":"O. Oupathumpanont, S. Wisansakkul","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001076","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This research (1) developed a formula and production process for yogurt made from alternative protein, (2) studied the physical properties, nutrition, microorganisms, and consumer acceptance of yogurt made from alternative protein, and (3) assessed the shelf life of yogurt made from alternative protein. Formula development and production process factors included the ratio of bamboo worms to water (1:1 and 2:1), the amount of powdered milk (6% and 8%), and the incubation time (8 and 10 hours). The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design CRD. Results showed that the optimal formula for producing yogurt products made from alternative protein consisted of ratio of bamboo worms to water 2:1, powered milk 8%, and incubation time 8 hours at 40 °C. Nutritional value (per 100 g) was 30.56 μg vitamin A, 70.04 mg calcium, 8.98 g protein, 2.68 g dietary fiber, and essential amino acids including 224.73 mg threonine, 333.91 mg valine, 368.75 mg lysine, and 419.82 mg leucine. The average consumer preference score was 6.79 ± 1.47. A total of 67.81% of consumers decided to buy alternative protein yogurt products, and after receiving nutritional information about alternative protein yogurt products this number increased to 89.81%. The shelf life of the product stored at 4 °C was not more than 4 weeks.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"7 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140653020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1163/23524588-00001141
H. Niyonsaba, J. Höhler, B. Rumpold, H. van der Fels-Klerx, M.P.M. Meuwissen
Insects and their derivatives are increasingly recognised as a (more) sustainable and circular protein source for feed and food. The European insect industry is growing, but upscaling remains a challenge due to multiple uncertainties. This study analysed the robustness of three different business models for insect production for feed and food in six future scenarios. Business models and scenarios were identified through literature review and refined through expert elicitation (n = 5). The three business models comprised: (1) full-liner black soldier fly production for pet food, (2) decentralised black soldier fly production for aquafeed, and (3) mealworm processing cooperative for food. The six scenarios addressed uncertainties around the use of side streams, insect welfare, energy, and sustainability. We used the Business Model Stress Test in four focus groups with experts (n = 23) from six European countries. Heat maps for three distinct business models were presented, detailing the impacts of scenarios on business model components. Experts regarded full-liner black soldier fly production for pet food and mealworm processing cooperative for food as more robust than decentralised black soldier fly production for aquafeed. These differences were mainly related to the customer segments, value proposition, revenue structure, and cost structure. In full-liner black soldier fly production for pet food, stringent regulations were expected to have no negative impact on business model components, in contrast to liberal regulations with anticipated adverse effects. Examination of regulatory uncertainty indicated strict legislation’s advantageous expected impact on consumer trust in the pet food and food market. High energy prices were anticipated as a major challenge across all business models, while improved sustainability compliance was viewed positively. The classification in relatively more or less robust business models serves as a guide for business and policy in further developing the insect sector for feed and food in Europe.
{"title":"Robustness of business models for insect production for feed and food in Europe","authors":"H. Niyonsaba, J. Höhler, B. Rumpold, H. van der Fels-Klerx, M.P.M. Meuwissen","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001141","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Insects and their derivatives are increasingly recognised as a (more) sustainable and circular protein source for feed and food. The European insect industry is growing, but upscaling remains a challenge due to multiple uncertainties. This study analysed the robustness of three different business models for insect production for feed and food in six future scenarios. Business models and scenarios were identified through literature review and refined through expert elicitation (n = 5). The three business models comprised: (1) full-liner black soldier fly production for pet food, (2) decentralised black soldier fly production for aquafeed, and (3) mealworm processing cooperative for food. The six scenarios addressed uncertainties around the use of side streams, insect welfare, energy, and sustainability. We used the Business Model Stress Test in four focus groups with experts (n = 23) from six European countries. Heat maps for three distinct business models were presented, detailing the impacts of scenarios on business model components. Experts regarded full-liner black soldier fly production for pet food and mealworm processing cooperative for food as more robust than decentralised black soldier fly production for aquafeed. These differences were mainly related to the customer segments, value proposition, revenue structure, and cost structure. In full-liner black soldier fly production for pet food, stringent regulations were expected to have no negative impact on business model components, in contrast to liberal regulations with anticipated adverse effects. Examination of regulatory uncertainty indicated strict legislation’s advantageous expected impact on consumer trust in the pet food and food market. High energy prices were anticipated as a major challenge across all business models, while improved sustainability compliance was viewed positively. The classification in relatively more or less robust business models serves as a guide for business and policy in further developing the insect sector for feed and food in Europe.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140665006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1163/23524588-00001021
G.M. Numbi, B.M. Kambashi, J. Bindelle, F. Francis, R.C. Megido
The role of edible caterpillars in human nutrition is increasingly undeniable, given their contribution to food security, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. However, some local species are almost unknown and the lack of data on their nutritional composition limits the integration of consumption in consumer diets. This article therefore focuses on the nutritional profiles of three edible caterpillar species from DR-Congo: Aegocera rectilinea, Epidonta sp and Imbrasia truncata. Data on protein content and amino acid profiles were discussed, with particular emphasis on threonine, lysine, methionine, cysteine and histidine; fat content and fatty acid profiles were examined, with particular attention to omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids and the PUFA/SFA ratio; Finally a discussion of essential minerals in insects, with particular emphasis on Fe and Zn, as well as anti-nutritional factors such as phytic acid, oxalates and tannins, which may have a negative effect on the bioavailability of these trace elements were discussed. The results of this study should induce a change in behavior in terms of the valorization of these edible insects as food in DR-Congo, via their popularization through workshops carried out in their production and consumption areas, while encouraging rational harvesting practices with a view to their sustainable use.
{"title":"Nutritional composition of three edible caterpillars in the Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"G.M. Numbi, B.M. Kambashi, J. Bindelle, F. Francis, R.C. Megido","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The role of edible caterpillars in human nutrition is increasingly undeniable, given their contribution to food security, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. However, some local species are almost unknown and the lack of data on their nutritional composition limits the integration of consumption in consumer diets. This article therefore focuses on the nutritional profiles of three edible caterpillar species from DR-Congo: Aegocera rectilinea, Epidonta sp and Imbrasia truncata. Data on protein content and amino acid profiles were discussed, with particular emphasis on threonine, lysine, methionine, cysteine and histidine; fat content and fatty acid profiles were examined, with particular attention to omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids and the PUFA/SFA ratio; Finally a discussion of essential minerals in insects, with particular emphasis on Fe and Zn, as well as anti-nutritional factors such as phytic acid, oxalates and tannins, which may have a negative effect on the bioavailability of these trace elements were discussed. The results of this study should induce a change in behavior in terms of the valorization of these edible insects as food in DR-Congo, via their popularization through workshops carried out in their production and consumption areas, while encouraging rational harvesting practices with a view to their sustainable use.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"24 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140660730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.1163/23524588-00001147
K. Cao, Y. Yin, S.S. Li, M.Q. Li, A. Tajdar, S.Q. Tan, W.P. Shi
Locusts have high nutritional value and are considered alternative protein sources for humans and animals. Diet can strongly affect the nutritional composition of insects. In this study, the influences of diets – wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings and rape (Brassica napus) leaves – on the chemical composition and amino acids of the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) were assessed. The crude protein, soluble carbohydrate and triglyceride were analyzed using the Bradford method, anthrone colorimetry, and glycerol kinase chromogenic method, respectively. Additionally, amino acids were determined using cation exchange chromatography. The study revealed that wheat seedlings had lower water content than rape leaves. Although the crude protein content was comparable, the soluble carbohydrates of wheat seedlings were approximately 2.5 times higher than those of rape leaves. The body weight (fresh weight and dry weight), crude protein and triglyceride of locusts significantly increased when fed wheat seedlings compared with when fed rape leaves, with values of 48.08%, 31.58%, 43.83% and 25.00%, respectively. The high water content of rape leaves resulted in the high water content of rape leaf-fed locusts. Plants also affect the amino acid composition of locusts. The eight amino acids (four essential amino acids and four non-essential amino acids) and the total amino acids of rape leaf-fed locusts were significantly enhanced compared with those of wheat seedlings. The essential amino acid index and biological value indicate that the protein quality of locusts fed rape leaves has been significantly improved. These results demonstrate that the nutritional composition of L. migratoria can be altered by manipulating the diet. Insects with controllable nutrients can be provided by insect farms and further studies will improve the development of insects as food or feed.
{"title":"Chemical composition and amino acids of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera Acrididae) fed wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum) or rape leaves (Brassica napus)","authors":"K. Cao, Y. Yin, S.S. Li, M.Q. Li, A. Tajdar, S.Q. Tan, W.P. Shi","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001147","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Locusts have high nutritional value and are considered alternative protein sources for humans and animals. Diet can strongly affect the nutritional composition of insects. In this study, the influences of diets – wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings and rape (Brassica napus) leaves – on the chemical composition and amino acids of the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) were assessed. The crude protein, soluble carbohydrate and triglyceride were analyzed using the Bradford method, anthrone colorimetry, and glycerol kinase chromogenic method, respectively. Additionally, amino acids were determined using cation exchange chromatography. The study revealed that wheat seedlings had lower water content than rape leaves. Although the crude protein content was comparable, the soluble carbohydrates of wheat seedlings were approximately 2.5 times higher than those of rape leaves. The body weight (fresh weight and dry weight), crude protein and triglyceride of locusts significantly increased when fed wheat seedlings compared with when fed rape leaves, with values of 48.08%, 31.58%, 43.83% and 25.00%, respectively. The high water content of rape leaves resulted in the high water content of rape leaf-fed locusts. Plants also affect the amino acid composition of locusts. The eight amino acids (four essential amino acids and four non-essential amino acids) and the total amino acids of rape leaf-fed locusts were significantly enhanced compared with those of wheat seedlings. The essential amino acid index and biological value indicate that the protein quality of locusts fed rape leaves has been significantly improved. These results demonstrate that the nutritional composition of L. migratoria can be altered by manipulating the diet. Insects with controllable nutrients can be provided by insect farms and further studies will improve the development of insects as food or feed.","PeriodicalId":509242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":" 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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