Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1088/2515-7655/ad307e
Minh Phuong Nguyen, N. Huynh, Thien Trung Luu, Dukhyun Choi
The field of transportation plays a crucial role in the development of society. It is vital to establish a smart transportation system (STS) to increase the convenience and security of human life. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) into the traffic system has facilitated the emergence of innovative technologies like autonomous vehicles or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which contribute to the reduction of traffic accidents and the liberation of human driving time. However, this improvement involves the use of multiple sensor devices that need external power sources. As a result, pollution occurs, as do increases in manufacturing costs. Therefore, the quest to develop sustainable energy remains a formidable obstacle. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have emerged as a possible solution for addressing this problem owing to their exceptional performance and simple design. This article explores the use of TENG-based self-power sensors and their potential applications in the field of transportation. Furthermore, the data collected for this study might aid readers in enhancing their comprehension of the benefits linked to the use of these technologies to promote their creative ability.
交通领域在社会发展中起着至关重要的作用。建立智能交通系统（STS）对于提高人类生活的便利性和安全性至关重要。将人工智能（AI）和物联网（IoT）融入交通系统，促进了自动驾驶汽车或无人机（UAV）等创新技术的出现，有助于减少交通事故，解放人类的驾驶时间。然而，这种改进需要使用多个需要外部电源的传感器设备。因此，污染随之产生，制造成本也随之增加。因此，开发可持续能源仍然是一个巨大的障碍。三电纳米发电机（TENG）以其卓越的性能和简单的设计成为解决这一问题的可能方案。本文探讨了基于 TENG 的自供电传感器的使用及其在交通领域的潜在应用。此外，为本研究收集的数据可能有助于读者更好地理解使用这些技术对提高创造能力的益处。
{"title":"Recent progress towards smart transportation systems using triboelectric nanogenerators","authors":"Minh Phuong Nguyen, N. Huynh, Thien Trung Luu, Dukhyun Choi","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad307e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad307e","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The field of transportation plays a crucial role in the development of society. It is vital to establish a smart transportation system (STS) to increase the convenience and security of human life. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) into the traffic system has facilitated the emergence of innovative technologies like autonomous vehicles or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which contribute to the reduction of traffic accidents and the liberation of human driving time. However, this improvement involves the use of multiple sensor devices that need external power sources. As a result, pollution occurs, as do increases in manufacturing costs. Therefore, the quest to develop sustainable energy remains a formidable obstacle. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have emerged as a possible solution for addressing this problem owing to their exceptional performance and simple design. This article explores the use of TENG-based self-power sensors and their potential applications in the field of transportation. Furthermore, the data collected for this study might aid readers in enhancing their comprehension of the benefits linked to the use of these technologies to promote their creative ability.","PeriodicalId":509250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Energy","volume":"29 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1088/2515-7655/ad307c
Fu-Cheng Kao, Shih-Feng Hung, Chang-Chi Yang, Parag Parashar, Chun-Ju Huang, M. Hsieh, Jen‐Chung Liao, Po-Liang Lai, T. Fu, Tsung-Ting Tsai, Zong-Hong Lin
Microelectronics play a crucial role in medical settings by monitoring physiological signals, treating illnesses, and enhancing human well-being. For implanted and wearable devices, a reliable and continuous energy source is essential. While conventional energy systems rely on batteries and external power connections, their drawbacks, including the need for frequent charging, limited battery lifespan, and the potential for reoperation, restrict their utility. This has spurred the exploration of self-sustaining, long-lasting power solutions. The ultrasound-driven nanogenerator, a promising energy source, harnesses biomechanical energy from activities like muscle movement, heartbeat, respiration, and gastric peristalsis. It converts this energy into electrical signals, enabling the detection of physiological and pathological markers, cardiac pacing, nerve stimulation, tissue repair, and weight management. In this review, we provide an overview of triboelectric (TENG) and piezoelectric (PENG) nanogenerator design with ultrasound and its applications in biomedicine, offering insights for the advancement of self-powered medical devices in the future. These devices hold potential for diverse applications, including wound treatment, nerve stimulation and regeneration, as well as charging batteries in implanted devices.
{"title":"Ultrasound-driven triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators in biomedical application","authors":"Fu-Cheng Kao, Shih-Feng Hung, Chang-Chi Yang, Parag Parashar, Chun-Ju Huang, M. Hsieh, Jen‐Chung Liao, Po-Liang Lai, T. Fu, Tsung-Ting Tsai, Zong-Hong Lin","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad307c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad307c","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Microelectronics play a crucial role in medical settings by monitoring physiological signals, treating illnesses, and enhancing human well-being. For implanted and wearable devices, a reliable and continuous energy source is essential. While conventional energy systems rely on batteries and external power connections, their drawbacks, including the need for frequent charging, limited battery lifespan, and the potential for reoperation, restrict their utility. This has spurred the exploration of self-sustaining, long-lasting power solutions. The ultrasound-driven nanogenerator, a promising energy source, harnesses biomechanical energy from activities like muscle movement, heartbeat, respiration, and gastric peristalsis. It converts this energy into electrical signals, enabling the detection of physiological and pathological markers, cardiac pacing, nerve stimulation, tissue repair, and weight management. In this review, we provide an overview of triboelectric (TENG) and piezoelectric (PENG) nanogenerator design with ultrasound and its applications in biomedicine, offering insights for the advancement of self-powered medical devices in the future. These devices hold potential for diverse applications, including wound treatment, nerve stimulation and regeneration, as well as charging batteries in implanted devices.","PeriodicalId":509250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Energy","volume":"27 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1088/2515-7655/ad307d
Seunghyun Oh, Ye Lim Kang, Tae Hyuk Kim, Seon Joong Kim, Min Jong Lee, Gyeong Min Lee, M. A. Saeed, Jae Won Shim
Significant advances in the performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices can facilitate their use in Internet of Things applications. However, achieving excellent photostability and high efficiency using stable, efficient OPV devices in indoor settings is considerably difficult. To address this issue, a zinc oxide (ZnO) electron transport layer (ETL) was modified with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 4-aminobenzoic acid (ABA) in the present study, and the impact of this modification was correlated with the indoor performance of an OPV device with the PM6:L8-BO photoactive layer. The ABA-treated ZnO ETL exhibited a significant reduction in the work function (from 4.51 to 4.04 eV), surface roughness (from 0.201 to 0.177 nm), and hydrophilicity of an indium-tin-oxide electrode; this aided in selectively extracting charge carriers from the device and minimizing trap-assisted recombination losses. Additionally, the ABA treatment of the ZnO ETL considerably enhanced the electron mobility and recombination resistance. It reduced the trap density, thereby enabling the ZnO/ABA-based device to achieve improved performance. Consequently, the ZnO/ABA-based device exhibited a noteworthy 14.68% higher maximum power output than that of the device without any ZnO surface modification under 1000 lx halogen (HLG) illumination (Pout, max = 354.48 and 309 µA cm−2, respectively). Moreover, under thermal illumination conditions (1000 lx HLG lighting), the ZnO/ABA-based device sustained ~74% of its initial power conversion efficiency over 120 h, significantly higher than its ABA-free equivalent (~55%).
{"title":"Enhancing the indoor performance of organic photovoltaic devices: interface engineering with an aminobenzoic-acid-based self-assembled monolayer","authors":"Seunghyun Oh, Ye Lim Kang, Tae Hyuk Kim, Seon Joong Kim, Min Jong Lee, Gyeong Min Lee, M. A. Saeed, Jae Won Shim","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad307d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad307d","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Significant advances in the performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices can facilitate their use in Internet of Things applications. However, achieving excellent photostability and high efficiency using stable, efficient OPV devices in indoor settings is considerably difficult. To address this issue, a zinc oxide (ZnO) electron transport layer (ETL) was modified with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 4-aminobenzoic acid (ABA) in the present study, and the impact of this modification was correlated with the indoor performance of an OPV device with the PM6:L8-BO photoactive layer. The ABA-treated ZnO ETL exhibited a significant reduction in the work function (from 4.51 to 4.04 eV), surface roughness (from 0.201 to 0.177 nm), and hydrophilicity of an indium-tin-oxide electrode; this aided in selectively extracting charge carriers from the device and minimizing trap-assisted recombination losses. Additionally, the ABA treatment of the ZnO ETL considerably enhanced the electron mobility and recombination resistance. It reduced the trap density, thereby enabling the ZnO/ABA-based device to achieve improved performance. Consequently, the ZnO/ABA-based device exhibited a noteworthy 14.68% higher maximum power output than that of the device without any ZnO surface modification under 1000 lx halogen (HLG) illumination (Pout, max = 354.48 and 309 µA cm−2, respectively). Moreover, under thermal illumination conditions (1000 lx HLG lighting), the ZnO/ABA-based device sustained ~74% of its initial power conversion efficiency over 120 h, significantly higher than its ABA-free equivalent (~55%).","PeriodicalId":509250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Energy","volume":"61 3‐4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.1088/2515-7655/ad2cf2
Antonio Politano, Raed A. Al-Juboori, Sultan Alnajdi, A. Alsaati, A. Athanassiou, Maya Bar-Sadan, Ali Naderi Beni, Davide Campi, A. Cupolillo, Gianluca D’Olimpio, Giuseppe D'Andrea, Humberto Estay, D. Fragouli, L. Gurreri, Norredine Ghaffour, Jack Gilron, Nidal Hilal, Jessica Occhiuzzi, Mateo Roldan Carvajal, Avner Ronen, Sergio Santoro, Michele Tedesco, R. A. Tufa, Mathias Ulbricht, D. Warsinger, D. Xevgenos, Guillermo Zaragoza, Yong-Wei Zhang, Ming Zhou, E. Curcio
Water and energy are two strategic drivers of sustainable development, intimately interlaced and vital for a secure future of humanity. Given that water resources are limited, whereas global population and energy demand are exponentially growing, the competitive balance between these resources, referred to as the water-energy nexus – is receiving renewed focus. The desalination industry alleviates water stress by producing freshwater from saline sources, such as seawater, brackish or groundwater. Since the last decade, the market has been dominated by membrane desalination technology, offering significative advantages over thermal processes, such as lower energy demand, easy process control and scale-up, modularity for flexible productivity, and feasibility of synergic integration of different membrane operations. The exciting new frontier of sustainable mining of seawater concentrates is accelerating the appearance of a plethora of innovative membrane materials and methods for brine dehydration and selective extraction of trace ions, although under the sword of Damocles represented by cost feasibility for reliable commercial application. On the other hand, among several emerging technologies, reverse electrodialysis (SGP-RED) was already proven capable – at least at the kW scale–of turning the chemical potential difference between river water, brackish water, and seawater into electrical energy. Efforts to develop a next generation of Ion Exchange Membranes exhibiting high perm-selectivity (especially toward monovalent ions) and low electrical resistance, to improve system engineering and to optimize operational conditions, pursue the goal of enhancing the low power density so far achievable (in the order of a few W per m2). This Roadmap takes the form of a series of short contributions written independently by worldwide experts in the topic. Collectively, such contributions provide a comprehensive picture of the current state of the art in membrane science and technology at the water-energy nexus, and how it is expected to develop in the future
{"title":"2024 Roadmap on membrane desalination technology at the water-energy nexus","authors":"Antonio Politano, Raed A. Al-Juboori, Sultan Alnajdi, A. Alsaati, A. Athanassiou, Maya Bar-Sadan, Ali Naderi Beni, Davide Campi, A. Cupolillo, Gianluca D’Olimpio, Giuseppe D'Andrea, Humberto Estay, D. Fragouli, L. Gurreri, Norredine Ghaffour, Jack Gilron, Nidal Hilal, Jessica Occhiuzzi, Mateo Roldan Carvajal, Avner Ronen, Sergio Santoro, Michele Tedesco, R. A. Tufa, Mathias Ulbricht, D. Warsinger, D. Xevgenos, Guillermo Zaragoza, Yong-Wei Zhang, Ming Zhou, E. Curcio","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad2cf2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad2cf2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Water and energy are two strategic drivers of sustainable development, intimately interlaced and vital for a secure future of humanity. Given that water resources are limited, whereas global population and energy demand are exponentially growing, the competitive balance between these resources, referred to as the water-energy nexus – is receiving renewed focus. The desalination industry alleviates water stress by producing freshwater from saline sources, such as seawater, brackish or groundwater. Since the last decade, the market has been dominated by membrane desalination technology, offering significative advantages over thermal processes, such as lower energy demand, easy process control and scale-up, modularity for flexible productivity, and feasibility of synergic integration of different membrane operations. The exciting new frontier of sustainable mining of seawater concentrates is accelerating the appearance of a plethora of innovative membrane materials and methods for brine dehydration and selective extraction of trace ions, although under the sword of Damocles represented by cost feasibility for reliable commercial application. On the other hand, among several emerging technologies, reverse electrodialysis (SGP-RED) was already proven capable – at least at the kW scale–of turning the chemical potential difference between river water, brackish water, and seawater into electrical energy. Efforts to develop a next generation of Ion Exchange Membranes exhibiting high perm-selectivity (especially toward monovalent ions) and low electrical resistance, to improve system engineering and to optimize operational conditions, pursue the goal of enhancing the low power density so far achievable (in the order of a few W per m2). This Roadmap takes the form of a series of short contributions written independently by worldwide experts in the topic. Collectively, such contributions provide a comprehensive picture of the current state of the art in membrane science and technology at the water-energy nexus, and how it is expected to develop in the future","PeriodicalId":509250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Energy","volume":"43 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-16DOI: 10.1088/2515-7655/ad29fd
Faiz Ahmad, P. Monk, A. Lakhtakia
The building sector accounts for 36% of energy consumption and 39% of energy-related greenhouse-gas emissions. Integrating bifacial photovoltaic solar cells in buildings could significantly reduce energy consumption and related greenhouse gas emissions. Bifacial solar cells should be flexible, bifacially balanced for electricity production, and perform reasonably well under weak-light conditions. Using rigorous optoelectronic simulation software and the differential evolution algorithm, we optimized symmetric/asymmetric bifacial CIGS solar cells with either (i) homogeneous or (ii) graded-bandgap photon-absorbing layers and a flexible central contact layer of aluminum-doped zinc oxide to harvest light outdoors as well as indoors. Indoor light was modeled as a fraction of the standard sunlight. Also, we computed the weak-light responses of the CIGS solar cells using LED illumination of different light intensities. The optimal bifacial CIGS solar cell with graded-bandgap photon-absorbing layers is predicted to perform with 18–29% efficiency under 0.01– 1.0-sun illumination; furthermore, efficiencies of 26.08% and 28.30% under weak LED light illumination of 0.0964 mW cm^{-2} and 0.22 mW cm^{-2} intensities, respectively, are predicted.
{"title":"Bifacial flexible CIGS thin-film solar cells with nonlinearly graded-bandgap photon-absorbing layers","authors":"Faiz Ahmad, P. Monk, A. Lakhtakia","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad29fd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad29fd","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The building sector accounts for 36% of energy consumption and 39% of energy-related greenhouse-gas emissions. Integrating bifacial photovoltaic solar cells in buildings could significantly reduce energy consumption and related greenhouse gas emissions. Bifacial solar cells should be flexible, bifacially balanced for electricity production, and perform reasonably well under weak-light conditions. Using rigorous optoelectronic simulation software and the differential evolution algorithm, we optimized symmetric/asymmetric bifacial CIGS solar cells with either (i) homogeneous or (ii) graded-bandgap photon-absorbing layers and a flexible central contact layer of aluminum-doped zinc oxide to harvest light outdoors as well as indoors. Indoor light was modeled as a fraction of the standard sunlight. Also, we computed the weak-light responses of the CIGS solar cells using LED illumination of different light intensities. The optimal bifacial CIGS solar cell with graded-bandgap photon-absorbing layers is predicted to perform with 18–29% efficiency under 0.01– 1.0-sun illumination; furthermore, efficiencies of 26.08% and 28.30% under weak LED light illumination of 0.0964 mW cm^{-2} and 0.22 mW cm^{-2} intensities, respectively, are predicted.","PeriodicalId":509250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Energy","volume":"30 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1088/2515-7655/ad20f5
Declan Hughes, Michael Spence, Suzanne K. Thomas, Rokas Apanavicius, Chris Griffiths, Matthew J. Carnie, W. C. Tsoi
For commercial applications, Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) need to be well encapsulated to improve long term stability. The most common method, glass-glass encapsulation, uses edge sealant materials to encapsulate the device between sheets of glass. Glass-Glass encapsulation, while providing provide adequate protection from the ambient environment, limits the use of flexible substrates for thin film solar cells due to its rigidity. Additionally, the added weight of glass encapsulation reduces the specific power (W/kg) of PSCs, which is an important factor when designing solar cells for aerospace applications. Here we demonstrate that commercially available acrylic spray encapsulation offers efficient and robust stability for PSCs. It is shown that applying the encapsulation via this method does not degrade the PSCs, unlike other literature and glass-glass encapsulation methods. Additionally, it is shown that 1 coat of acrylic spray encapsulation has an effective thickness of ~1.77 µm and a weight of ~6 mg. For stability measurements, PSCs with acrylic coating show a 4% increase in performance after ~730 hours under dark storage conditions and retain 88% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 288 hours under 85% relative humidity 25°C. We anticipate our assay to be a starting point for further studies into spray encapsulation materials and methods not just for terrestrial applications, but for aerospace applications as well
{"title":"Effectiveness of Poly(methyl methacrylate) spray encapsulation for perovskite solar cells","authors":"Declan Hughes, Michael Spence, Suzanne K. Thomas, Rokas Apanavicius, Chris Griffiths, Matthew J. Carnie, W. C. Tsoi","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad20f5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad20f5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For commercial applications, Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) need to be well encapsulated to improve long term stability. The most common method, glass-glass encapsulation, uses edge sealant materials to encapsulate the device between sheets of glass. Glass-Glass encapsulation, while providing provide adequate protection from the ambient environment, limits the use of flexible substrates for thin film solar cells due to its rigidity. Additionally, the added weight of glass encapsulation reduces the specific power (W/kg) of PSCs, which is an important factor when designing solar cells for aerospace applications. Here we demonstrate that commercially available acrylic spray encapsulation offers efficient and robust stability for PSCs. It is shown that applying the encapsulation via this method does not degrade the PSCs, unlike other literature and glass-glass encapsulation methods. Additionally, it is shown that 1 coat of acrylic spray encapsulation has an effective thickness of ~1.77 µm and a weight of ~6 mg. For stability measurements, PSCs with acrylic coating show a 4% increase in performance after ~730 hours under dark storage conditions and retain 88% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 288 hours under 85% relative humidity 25°C. We anticipate our assay to be a starting point for further studies into spray encapsulation materials and methods not just for terrestrial applications, but for aerospace applications as well","PeriodicalId":509250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Energy","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139606695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1088/2515-7655/ad20f4
Marianne Sion, Jacques Jay, G. Coativy, Atsuki Komiya, G. Sebald
The elastocaloric effect denotes the ability of a material to release or absorb heat when the material is stretched and released respectively. This effect may be used to design an alternative cooling device. This work focuses on the development of a cooling device using natural rubber as the elastocaloric material. It consists of a solid-solid heat exchange between a cyclically stretched elastocaloric material and two exchangers, respectively put in contact with the elastocaloric material when it is stretched or released. An experimental device was designed and tested in order to assess the temperature span and cooling power achievable by natural rubber based single stage device. The effect of the thickness of the natural rubber is also discussed. It is shown that it was possible to transfer nearly 60% of the heat absorption potential of the natural rubber from the cold heat exchanger. From the measurements, the highest cooling power was found to be 390 mW (430 W/kg) for a 600 µm thick sample, and 305 mW (540W/kg) for a 400 µm thick sample. The temperature span was found to be similar for both materials, ranging 1.5°C ~ 1.9°C.
{"title":"Natural rubber based elastocaloric solid-state refrigeration device: design and performances of a single stage system","authors":"Marianne Sion, Jacques Jay, G. Coativy, Atsuki Komiya, G. Sebald","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad20f4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad20f4","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The elastocaloric effect denotes the ability of a material to release or absorb heat when the material is stretched and released respectively. This effect may be used to design an alternative cooling device. This work focuses on the development of a cooling device using natural rubber as the elastocaloric material. It consists of a solid-solid heat exchange between a cyclically stretched elastocaloric material and two exchangers, respectively put in contact with the elastocaloric material when it is stretched or released. An experimental device was designed and tested in order to assess the temperature span and cooling power achievable by natural rubber based single stage device. The effect of the thickness of the natural rubber is also discussed. It is shown that it was possible to transfer nearly 60% of the heat absorption potential of the natural rubber from the cold heat exchanger. From the measurements, the highest cooling power was found to be 390 mW (430 W/kg) for a 600 µm thick sample, and 305 mW (540W/kg) for a 400 µm thick sample. The temperature span was found to be similar for both materials, ranging 1.5°C ~ 1.9°C.","PeriodicalId":509250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Energy","volume":"15 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139607995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.1088/2515-7655/ad1e38
T. Vincent, Faduma Maddar, Sheng Chao, Erdogan Guk, J. Sansom, B. Gulsoy, M. Copley, Ivana Hasa, J. Marco
Instrumented battery cells (i.e., those containing sensors) and smart cells (with integrated control and communication circuitry) are essential for the development of the next-generation battery technologies, such as Sodium-ion Batteries (SIBs). The mapping and monitoring of parameters, for example the quantification of temperature gradients, helps improve cell designs and optimise management systems. Integrated sensors must be protected against the harsh cell electrolytic environment. State-of-the-art coatings include the use of Parylene polymer (our reference case). We applied three new types of coatings (acrylic, polyurethane and epoxy based) to thermistor arrays mounted on flexible printed circuit board (PCBs). We systematically analyse the coatings: (i) PCB submersion within electrolyte vials (8-weeks); (ii) analysis of sample inserted into coin cell; (iii) analysis of sensor and cell performance data for 1Ah pouch SIBs. Sodium-based liquid electrolyte was selected, consisting of a 1M solution of sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) dissolved in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethylene carbonate (DEC) in a ratio of 3:7 (v/v%). Our novel experiments revealed that the epoxy based coated sensors offered reliable temperature measurements; superior performance observed compared to the Parylene sensors (erroneous results from one sample were reported, under 5 days submersed in electrolyte). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed in the case of most coatings tested, formation of additional species occurred during exposure to the different coatings applied to the PCBs. The epoxy-based coating demonstrated resilience to the electrolytic-environment, as well as minimal effect on cell performance (capacity degradation compared to unmodified-reference, within 2% for the coin cell, and within 3.4% for pouch cell). The unique methodology detailed in this work allows sensor coatings to be trialled in a realistic and repeatable cell environment. This study demonstrated for the first time that this epoxy-based coating enables scalable, affordable, and resilient sensors to be integrated towards next-generation Smart SIBs.
{"title":"A compatibility study of protective coatings for temperature sensor integration into sodium-ion battery cells","authors":"T. Vincent, Faduma Maddar, Sheng Chao, Erdogan Guk, J. Sansom, B. Gulsoy, M. Copley, Ivana Hasa, J. Marco","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad1e38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad1e38","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Instrumented battery cells (i.e., those containing sensors) and smart cells (with integrated control and communication circuitry) are essential for the development of the next-generation battery technologies, such as Sodium-ion Batteries (SIBs). The mapping and monitoring of parameters, for example the quantification of temperature gradients, helps improve cell designs and optimise management systems. Integrated sensors must be protected against the harsh cell electrolytic environment. State-of-the-art coatings include the use of Parylene polymer (our reference case). We applied three new types of coatings (acrylic, polyurethane and epoxy based) to thermistor arrays mounted on flexible printed circuit board (PCBs). We systematically analyse the coatings: (i) PCB submersion within electrolyte vials (8-weeks); (ii) analysis of sample inserted into coin cell; (iii) analysis of sensor and cell performance data for 1Ah pouch SIBs. Sodium-based liquid electrolyte was selected, consisting of a 1M solution of sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) dissolved in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethylene carbonate (DEC) in a ratio of 3:7 (v/v%). Our novel experiments revealed that the epoxy based coated sensors offered reliable temperature measurements; superior performance observed compared to the Parylene sensors (erroneous results from one sample were reported, under 5 days submersed in electrolyte). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed in the case of most coatings tested, formation of additional species occurred during exposure to the different coatings applied to the PCBs. The epoxy-based coating demonstrated resilience to the electrolytic-environment, as well as minimal effect on cell performance (capacity degradation compared to unmodified-reference, within 2% for the coin cell, and within 3.4% for pouch cell). The unique methodology detailed in this work allows sensor coatings to be trialled in a realistic and repeatable cell environment. This study demonstrated for the first time that this epoxy-based coating enables scalable, affordable, and resilient sensors to be integrated towards next-generation Smart SIBs.","PeriodicalId":509250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Energy","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139532043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.1088/2515-7655/ad1ccc
Brian Leonard, Harrison A. Loh, David Lu, Ebuka A. Ogbuoji, Isabel C Escobar, Konstantinos Sierros, Oishi Sanyal
Membranes serve as important components for modern manufacturing and purification processes but are conventionally associated with excessive solvent usage. Here, for the first time, a procedure for fabricating large area polysulfone membranes is demonstrated via the combination of direct ink writing with non-solvent induced phase inversion. The superior control and precision of this process allows for complete utilization of the polymer dope solution during membrane fabrication, thus enabling a significant reduction in wasted material. Compared to doctor blade fabrication, a 63% reduction in dope solution volume was achieved using the direct ink writing technique for fabricating similarly sized membranes. Cross flow filtration analysis revealed that, independent of the manufacturing method (direct ink writing vs. doctor blade), the membranes exhibited near identical separation properties. The separation properties were assessed in terms of bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection and permeances (pressure normalized flux) of pure water and BSA solution. This new manufacturing strategy allows for the reduction of material and solvent usage while providing a large toolkit of tunable parameters which can aid in advancing membrane technology.
{"title":"Sustainable additive manufacturing of polysulfone membranes for liquid separations","authors":"Brian Leonard, Harrison A. Loh, David Lu, Ebuka A. Ogbuoji, Isabel C Escobar, Konstantinos Sierros, Oishi Sanyal","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad1ccc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad1ccc","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Membranes serve as important components for modern manufacturing and purification processes but are conventionally associated with excessive solvent usage. Here, for the first time, a procedure for fabricating large area polysulfone membranes is demonstrated via the combination of direct ink writing with non-solvent induced phase inversion. The superior control and precision of this process allows for complete utilization of the polymer dope solution during membrane fabrication, thus enabling a significant reduction in wasted material. Compared to doctor blade fabrication, a 63% reduction in dope solution volume was achieved using the direct ink writing technique for fabricating similarly sized membranes. Cross flow filtration analysis revealed that, independent of the manufacturing method (direct ink writing vs. doctor blade), the membranes exhibited near identical separation properties. The separation properties were assessed in terms of bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection and permeances (pressure normalized flux) of pure water and BSA solution. This new manufacturing strategy allows for the reduction of material and solvent usage while providing a large toolkit of tunable parameters which can aid in advancing membrane technology.","PeriodicalId":509250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Energy","volume":"21 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.1088/2515-7655/ad1c61
R. Almeida, S. C. Freitas, C. R. Fernandes, R. Kiefe, J. P. Araújo, J. S. Amaral, J. Ventura, J. H. Belo, D. Silva
Climate change and the increasing demand for energy globally has motivated the search for a more sustainable heat pumping technology. Magnetic refrigeration stands as one of the most promising alternative technologies for clean and efficient heat pumps of the future. Materials with a rotating magnetocaloric effect (RMCE) based on magnetocrystalline anisotropy have previously been explored as refrigerants with the potential to drastically improve device design by requiring a single magnetic field region. It has been shown previously that by exploiting the demagnetizing effect, an RMCE is in fact attainable in any polycrystalline magnetocaloric sample with an asymetric shape, without requiring magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Using gadolinium as a case study, we provide a theoretical framework for computing the demagnetizing field-induced RMCE indirectly, and present thorough experimental verification for different magnetic field intensities and a wide temperature range. Direct measurements of the RMCE in gadolinium reveal that a significant adiabatic temperature difference (1.2 K) and refrigerant capacity (7.44 J kg-1) are attained within low magnetic field amplitudes (0.4 T). By employing low field intensities in a magnetocaloric heat pump, the amount of permanent magnet material can be drastically reduced, lowering the overall weight and cost, making devices more viable for mass production.
{"title":"Rotating magnetocaloric effect in polycrystals – harnessing the demagnetizing effect","authors":"R. Almeida, S. C. Freitas, C. R. Fernandes, R. Kiefe, J. P. Araújo, J. S. Amaral, J. Ventura, J. H. Belo, D. Silva","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad1c61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad1c61","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Climate change and the increasing demand for energy globally has motivated the search for a more sustainable heat pumping technology. Magnetic refrigeration stands as one of the most promising alternative technologies for clean and efficient heat pumps of the future. Materials with a rotating magnetocaloric effect (RMCE) based on magnetocrystalline anisotropy have previously been explored as refrigerants with the potential to drastically improve device design by requiring a single magnetic field region. It has been shown previously that by exploiting the demagnetizing effect, an RMCE is in fact attainable in any polycrystalline magnetocaloric sample with an asymetric shape, without requiring magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Using gadolinium as a case study, we provide a theoretical framework for computing the demagnetizing field-induced RMCE indirectly, and present thorough experimental verification for different magnetic field intensities and a wide temperature range. Direct measurements of the RMCE in gadolinium reveal that a significant adiabatic temperature difference (1.2 K) and refrigerant capacity (7.44 J kg-1) are attained within low magnetic field amplitudes (0.4 T). By employing low field intensities in a magnetocaloric heat pump, the amount of permanent magnet material can be drastically reduced, lowering the overall weight and cost, making devices more viable for mass production.","PeriodicalId":509250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Energy","volume":"44 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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