I. Zakir, Shakeel Ahmad, S. Haider, Talaat Ahmed, Sajjad Hussain, Muhammad Shahzad Saleem, Muhammad Fasih Khalid
Climate change is an important concern worldwide. This huge change is causing a negative impact on crop productivity throughout the whole world and shows some drastic effects on sensitive crops including sweet pepper and other kinds of chilies. These stresses have a negative effect on vegetable growth, fruit quality, and fruit yield. Besides these stresses, accurate planting time is the utmost factor in increasing the crop potential and its productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the optimal planting date and best-performing cultivar for sweet pepper to maximize crop productivity, growth, yield, and fruit shelf life under the impacts of climate change. The experiment was conducted in Multan, Pakistan (30° 25 N and 71° 30 E). In this experiment, four planting dates (10 January, 25 January, 10 February, and 25 February) with three cultivars (Ganga, Winner, and Savio) were grown with three replications (each year) during 2020 and 2021. Our findings showed that plant growth, fresh and dry biomass, yield, and yield attributes were statistically higher in earlier plantings, and lower in delayed planting. Regarding the cultivars in both years, ‘Winner’ performed better in all growth and yield parameters as compared to other growing cultivars. Lower weight loss and decay incidence were reported in ‘Winner’ cultivar. Additionally, ‘Winner’ cultivar showed a higher sensory score as compared to the other cultivar in both years. From the results, we conclude that the nursery of sweet pepper plants should be planted on the 25 January to attain higher crop productivity, and the cultivar ‘Winner’ showed promising effects so it should be planted for better yield.
{"title":"Sweet Pepper Farming Strategies in Response to Climate Change: Enhancing Yield and Shelf Life through Planting Time and Cultivar Selection","authors":"I. Zakir, Shakeel Ahmad, S. Haider, Talaat Ahmed, Sajjad Hussain, Muhammad Shahzad Saleem, Muhammad Fasih Khalid","doi":"10.3390/su16156338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156338","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is an important concern worldwide. This huge change is causing a negative impact on crop productivity throughout the whole world and shows some drastic effects on sensitive crops including sweet pepper and other kinds of chilies. These stresses have a negative effect on vegetable growth, fruit quality, and fruit yield. Besides these stresses, accurate planting time is the utmost factor in increasing the crop potential and its productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the optimal planting date and best-performing cultivar for sweet pepper to maximize crop productivity, growth, yield, and fruit shelf life under the impacts of climate change. The experiment was conducted in Multan, Pakistan (30° 25 N and 71° 30 E). In this experiment, four planting dates (10 January, 25 January, 10 February, and 25 February) with three cultivars (Ganga, Winner, and Savio) were grown with three replications (each year) during 2020 and 2021. Our findings showed that plant growth, fresh and dry biomass, yield, and yield attributes were statistically higher in earlier plantings, and lower in delayed planting. Regarding the cultivars in both years, ‘Winner’ performed better in all growth and yield parameters as compared to other growing cultivars. Lower weight loss and decay incidence were reported in ‘Winner’ cultivar. Additionally, ‘Winner’ cultivar showed a higher sensory score as compared to the other cultivar in both years. From the results, we conclude that the nursery of sweet pepper plants should be planted on the 25 January to attain higher crop productivity, and the cultivar ‘Winner’ showed promising effects so it should be planted for better yield.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"49 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aquaponics, defined as a sustainable technology combining aquaculture and hydroponics, integrates plant and fish production into one system. Aquaponics technology offers several major advantages over conventional methods of raising fish and/or plants. In this system, plants act as a natural biological filter, purifying the water so that the same amount can be used repeatedly. Fish, on the other hand, are a natural source of nutrients. This contributes to the aquaponics system’s substantial economic potential, thanks to its use of virtually free nutrients, dramatically reduced water consumption, and the elimination of filter systems, making this system innovative and sustainable. On the other hand, the use of medicinal plants for the needs of the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries is often associated with a decrease in their natural reserves. Utilizing aquaponics for the production of medicinal plants could reduce the pressure on these natural reserves. As a result, aquaponics has emerged as one of the most environmentally friendly methods of cultivating plant species. The concept of aquaponics, which evolved from traditional hydroponic systems, has gained worldwide recognition through the effective use of symbiosis. It refers to the coexistence and interaction of different organisms, facilitating their growth and life cycle processes. Unlike hydroponics, which requires the purification of nutrient solutions due to plant waste, aquaponics takes advantage of the natural cycle of waste and nutrient exchange between plants and fish. Fish waste serves as organic fertilizer for the plants, while the plants help purify the water for the fish. This symbiotic relationship not only reduces the environmental impact associated with aquaculture wastewater but also provides a sustainable method of food production. The integrated system reduces infrastructure costs, conserves water, and minimizes the potential for environmental pollution. Furthermore, it provides an opportunity for increased profitability from both crop and fish production. Cultivation of medicinal plants within aquaponic systems can be carried out year-round, offering a continuous supply of valuable pharmacological resources. This review examines suitable medicinal plants for aquaponic cultivation and evaluates their pharmacological benefits to humans.
{"title":"Sustainable Production: Integrating Medicinal Plants with Fish Farming in Aquaponics—A Mini Review","authors":"S. Stoyanova, I. Sirakov, K. Velichkova","doi":"10.3390/su16156337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156337","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaponics, defined as a sustainable technology combining aquaculture and hydroponics, integrates plant and fish production into one system. Aquaponics technology offers several major advantages over conventional methods of raising fish and/or plants. In this system, plants act as a natural biological filter, purifying the water so that the same amount can be used repeatedly. Fish, on the other hand, are a natural source of nutrients. This contributes to the aquaponics system’s substantial economic potential, thanks to its use of virtually free nutrients, dramatically reduced water consumption, and the elimination of filter systems, making this system innovative and sustainable. On the other hand, the use of medicinal plants for the needs of the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries is often associated with a decrease in their natural reserves. Utilizing aquaponics for the production of medicinal plants could reduce the pressure on these natural reserves. As a result, aquaponics has emerged as one of the most environmentally friendly methods of cultivating plant species. The concept of aquaponics, which evolved from traditional hydroponic systems, has gained worldwide recognition through the effective use of symbiosis. It refers to the coexistence and interaction of different organisms, facilitating their growth and life cycle processes. Unlike hydroponics, which requires the purification of nutrient solutions due to plant waste, aquaponics takes advantage of the natural cycle of waste and nutrient exchange between plants and fish. Fish waste serves as organic fertilizer for the plants, while the plants help purify the water for the fish. This symbiotic relationship not only reduces the environmental impact associated with aquaculture wastewater but also provides a sustainable method of food production. The integrated system reduces infrastructure costs, conserves water, and minimizes the potential for environmental pollution. Furthermore, it provides an opportunity for increased profitability from both crop and fish production. Cultivation of medicinal plants within aquaponic systems can be carried out year-round, offering a continuous supply of valuable pharmacological resources. This review examines suitable medicinal plants for aquaponic cultivation and evaluates their pharmacological benefits to humans.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"36 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Škamat, R. Boris, J. Malaiškienė, V. Antonovič, R. Stonys, A. Kudžma
The current research focuses on the analysis of fly ash cenospheres (FACs), a waste generated in coal-fired power plants, and the possibilities of using them in refractory castables. Cenospheres are micro-scale (~50–400 µm) spherical structures derived from fly ash, predominantly composed of silica and alumina oxides (86.7%). Their distinctive morphology and characteristics make them highly advantageous for a diverse array of applications, notably as lightweight fillers and nondegradable pore-forming agents. Furthermore, cenospheres have the potential to contribute significantly to the performance of refractory castables when incorporated into compositions with calcium aluminate cement (CAC). FAC XRD analysis revealed that FACs mainly consist of mullite along with cristobalite, which forms at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the study examined the impact of FACs on the properties of medium cement castable (MCC), especially durability, when 3%, 5%, and 7% of fine fireclay were replaced by FACs; 5% of FACs were found to reduce the density of refractory castables and decrease the cold crushing strength by approximately 6%, but it increased the resistance to thermal shock by approximately 75% and 43%, depending on the thermal treatment temperature, 950 °C and 1100 °C, respectively, and improved resistance to alkali corrosion. A higher FAC content (7%) does not have any positive effect on the MCC properties tested.
目前的研究重点是分析燃煤发电厂产生的废物--粉煤灰仙人球（FACs），以及将其用于耐火浇注料的可能性。仙人球是一种微尺度（约 50-400 微米）的球形结构，由粉煤灰衍生而来，主要由二氧化硅和氧化铝（86.7%）组成。它们独特的形态和特性使其在各种应用中具有极大的优势，特别是作为轻质填料和不可降解的孔隙形成剂。此外，仙人球与铝酸钙水泥（CAC）混合后，还能显著提高耐火浇注料的性能。FAC XRD 分析表明，FAC 主要由莫来石和脆闪石组成，后者在较高温度下形成。此外，该研究还考察了当 3%、5% 和 7% 的细火泥被 FAC 取代时，FAC 对中质水泥浇注料（MCC）性能的影响，尤其是耐久性；研究发现，5% 的 FAC 会降低耐火浇注料的密度，使冷压强度降低约 6%，但根据热处理温度（分别为 950 ℃ 和 1100 ℃）的不同，它可使抗热震性提高约 75% 和 43%，并改善抗碱腐蚀性。更高的 FAC 含量（7%）对测试的 MCC 性能没有任何积极影响。
{"title":"Possibilities to Recycle Thermal Power Plant By-Products in Refractory Castables","authors":"J. Škamat, R. Boris, J. Malaiškienė, V. Antonovič, R. Stonys, A. Kudžma","doi":"10.3390/su16156349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156349","url":null,"abstract":"The current research focuses on the analysis of fly ash cenospheres (FACs), a waste generated in coal-fired power plants, and the possibilities of using them in refractory castables. Cenospheres are micro-scale (~50–400 µm) spherical structures derived from fly ash, predominantly composed of silica and alumina oxides (86.7%). Their distinctive morphology and characteristics make them highly advantageous for a diverse array of applications, notably as lightweight fillers and nondegradable pore-forming agents. Furthermore, cenospheres have the potential to contribute significantly to the performance of refractory castables when incorporated into compositions with calcium aluminate cement (CAC). FAC XRD analysis revealed that FACs mainly consist of mullite along with cristobalite, which forms at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the study examined the impact of FACs on the properties of medium cement castable (MCC), especially durability, when 3%, 5%, and 7% of fine fireclay were replaced by FACs; 5% of FACs were found to reduce the density of refractory castables and decrease the cold crushing strength by approximately 6%, but it increased the resistance to thermal shock by approximately 75% and 43%, depending on the thermal treatment temperature, 950 °C and 1100 °C, respectively, and improved resistance to alkali corrosion. A higher FAC content (7%) does not have any positive effect on the MCC properties tested.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) address contemporary transportation challenges, as Connected Vehicles (CVs) can play a pivotal role in enhancing efficiency and safety. The role of central governing authorities in shaping traffic management policies for CVs influences decision-making processes and system performance. In this work, the role of central governing authorities in the traffic management of a mixed traffic network is examined, integrating System Optimum principles with game theory. More specifically, we introduce and develop a framework that models and analyses the strategic interactions between different stakeholders in a mixed traffic environment, considering central governing authorities with varying levels of control. The results indicate how the various levels of control of a central governing authority may have an impact on the network in terms of traffic measures. Through a strategic games analysis, the trade-offs associated with centralized control mechanisms are demonstrated and recommendations are offered for policymakers and practitioners to optimize traffic management strategies.
{"title":"The Impacts of Centralized Control on Mixed Traffic Network Performance: A Strategic Games Analysis","authors":"Areti Kotsi, Ioannis Politis, E. Mitsakis","doi":"10.3390/su16156343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156343","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) address contemporary transportation challenges, as Connected Vehicles (CVs) can play a pivotal role in enhancing efficiency and safety. The role of central governing authorities in shaping traffic management policies for CVs influences decision-making processes and system performance. In this work, the role of central governing authorities in the traffic management of a mixed traffic network is examined, integrating System Optimum principles with game theory. More specifically, we introduce and develop a framework that models and analyses the strategic interactions between different stakeholders in a mixed traffic environment, considering central governing authorities with varying levels of control. The results indicate how the various levels of control of a central governing authority may have an impact on the network in terms of traffic measures. Through a strategic games analysis, the trade-offs associated with centralized control mechanisms are demonstrated and recommendations are offered for policymakers and practitioners to optimize traffic management strategies.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Szopa, Paulina Wróbel, Beata Anwajler, A. Witek-Krowiak
This article provides an overview of the diverse applications of hydrogels in nutrient recovery from water and wastewater. Due to their unique properties, such as high water-retention capacity, nutrient rerelease, and tunable porosity, hydrogels have emerged as promising materials for efficient nutrient capture and recycling. It has been suggested that hydrogels, depending on their composition, can be reused in agriculture, especially in drought-prone areas. Further research paths have been identified that could expand their application in these regions. However, the main focus of the article is to highlight the current gaps in understanding how hydrogels bind nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. The study underscores the need for research that specifically examines how different components of hydrogel matrices interact with each other and with recovered nutrients. Furthermore, it is essential to assess how various nutrient-recovery parameters, such as temperature, pH, and heavy metal content, interact with each other and with specific matrix compositions. This type of research is crucial for enhancing both the recovery efficiency and selectivity of these hydrogels, which are critical for advancing nutrient-recovery technologies and agricultural applications. A comprehensive research approach involves using structured research methodologies and optimization techniques to streamline studies and identify crucial relationships.
{"title":"Hydrogel Applications in Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds Recovery from Water and Wastewater: An Overview","authors":"Daniel Szopa, Paulina Wróbel, Beata Anwajler, A. Witek-Krowiak","doi":"10.3390/su16156321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156321","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of the diverse applications of hydrogels in nutrient recovery from water and wastewater. Due to their unique properties, such as high water-retention capacity, nutrient rerelease, and tunable porosity, hydrogels have emerged as promising materials for efficient nutrient capture and recycling. It has been suggested that hydrogels, depending on their composition, can be reused in agriculture, especially in drought-prone areas. Further research paths have been identified that could expand their application in these regions. However, the main focus of the article is to highlight the current gaps in understanding how hydrogels bind nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. The study underscores the need for research that specifically examines how different components of hydrogel matrices interact with each other and with recovered nutrients. Furthermore, it is essential to assess how various nutrient-recovery parameters, such as temperature, pH, and heavy metal content, interact with each other and with specific matrix compositions. This type of research is crucial for enhancing both the recovery efficiency and selectivity of these hydrogels, which are critical for advancing nutrient-recovery technologies and agricultural applications. A comprehensive research approach involves using structured research methodologies and optimization techniques to streamline studies and identify crucial relationships.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"67 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yavuz Selim Balcıoğlu, Ahmet Alkan Çelik, Erkut Altındağ
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming sustainable business strategies globally, yet its specific applications within American enterprises remain underexplored. This study examines the integration of AI in sustainability efforts across various industries in the USA from 2014 to 2022. By analyzing 263 sustainability reports from 41 leading Nasdaq-listed firms using advanced text mining techniques, we uncover nuanced insights into how AI is employed to address environmental and social challenges. Our findings reveal a strategic deployment of AI not only to enhance operational efficiency, but also to drive significant environmental improvements, such as optimizing renewable energy usage and mitigating emissions. Additionally, AI’s impact extends to fostering workplace safety, enhancing diversity, and bolstering community initiatives. This research highlights the critical role of AI as a catalyst in advancing sustainable practices, providing a blueprint for other regions and industries aiming to leverage technology for greater sustainability.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Integration in Sustainable Business Practices: A Text Mining Analysis of USA Firms","authors":"Yavuz Selim Balcıoğlu, Ahmet Alkan Çelik, Erkut Altındağ","doi":"10.3390/su16156334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156334","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming sustainable business strategies globally, yet its specific applications within American enterprises remain underexplored. This study examines the integration of AI in sustainability efforts across various industries in the USA from 2014 to 2022. By analyzing 263 sustainability reports from 41 leading Nasdaq-listed firms using advanced text mining techniques, we uncover nuanced insights into how AI is employed to address environmental and social challenges. Our findings reveal a strategic deployment of AI not only to enhance operational efficiency, but also to drive significant environmental improvements, such as optimizing renewable energy usage and mitigating emissions. Additionally, AI’s impact extends to fostering workplace safety, enhancing diversity, and bolstering community initiatives. This research highlights the critical role of AI as a catalyst in advancing sustainable practices, providing a blueprint for other regions and industries aiming to leverage technology for greater sustainability.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"53 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jialin Liu, Qing Ye, Z. Jia, Yingqian Yang, Tingting Xu
To analyze the influencing factors of the emergency linkage of gas explosion accidents and their causal relationships, a method for analyzing the influencing factors of the emergency linkage of gas explosion accidents is proposed based on a hierarchical holographic model and Bayesian networks. Firstly, based on the hierarchical holographic model to determine the main influencing factors of the accident emergency linkage, we constructed the topological structure model of accident control, secondary disaster, and emergency rescue, and used the triangular fuzzy number to assess the a priori probability and conditional probability of the influencing factors. Next, the most likely factors affecting the accident emergency linkage are quickly identified by combining Bayesian diagnostic reasoning. Finally, sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the key factors affecting the accident emergency linkage. The results show that the probability of normal operation of gas explosion accident emergency linkage is 78.1%, but when the coal mine environment changes, especially when multiple influencing factors occur simultaneously, the probability of normal operation of accident emergency linkage decreases significantly. Through causal analysis, the degree of influence on the operation of the accident emergency linkage in different situations can be deduced. Through diagnostic analysis, it can be seen that the emergency linkage operation is more sensitive to the two factors of the ventilation and smoke extraction system response and gas over limit, so it is necessary to pay attention to its important role in accident treatment. Meanwhile, the sensitivity analysis shows that the response of the ventilation and smoke extraction system, the accuracy of disaster sharing, the gas over limit, the technical level of the operators, and the team rescue experience are the key factors affecting the emergency response linkage in accidents. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the improvement of the emergency response linkage mechanism of coal mine gas explosion accidents as well as the decision-making of the accidents, minimize the losses of the accidents, and promote the sustainable development of the coal mining industry.
{"title":"Analysis of Factors Affecting Emergency Response Linkage in Coal Mine Gas Explosion Accidents","authors":"Jialin Liu, Qing Ye, Z. Jia, Yingqian Yang, Tingting Xu","doi":"10.3390/su16156325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156325","url":null,"abstract":"To analyze the influencing factors of the emergency linkage of gas explosion accidents and their causal relationships, a method for analyzing the influencing factors of the emergency linkage of gas explosion accidents is proposed based on a hierarchical holographic model and Bayesian networks. Firstly, based on the hierarchical holographic model to determine the main influencing factors of the accident emergency linkage, we constructed the topological structure model of accident control, secondary disaster, and emergency rescue, and used the triangular fuzzy number to assess the a priori probability and conditional probability of the influencing factors. Next, the most likely factors affecting the accident emergency linkage are quickly identified by combining Bayesian diagnostic reasoning. Finally, sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the key factors affecting the accident emergency linkage. The results show that the probability of normal operation of gas explosion accident emergency linkage is 78.1%, but when the coal mine environment changes, especially when multiple influencing factors occur simultaneously, the probability of normal operation of accident emergency linkage decreases significantly. Through causal analysis, the degree of influence on the operation of the accident emergency linkage in different situations can be deduced. Through diagnostic analysis, it can be seen that the emergency linkage operation is more sensitive to the two factors of the ventilation and smoke extraction system response and gas over limit, so it is necessary to pay attention to its important role in accident treatment. Meanwhile, the sensitivity analysis shows that the response of the ventilation and smoke extraction system, the accuracy of disaster sharing, the gas over limit, the technical level of the operators, and the team rescue experience are the key factors affecting the emergency response linkage in accidents. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the improvement of the emergency response linkage mechanism of coal mine gas explosion accidents as well as the decision-making of the accidents, minimize the losses of the accidents, and promote the sustainable development of the coal mining industry.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"3 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The biosorption of Cd, Co, and Cu onto three microalgae species (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus sp., and Spirulina platensis) was compared to determine the microalgae’s capability for heavy metal adsorption in acidic and neutral environments. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models were used to characterize the adsorption of the heavy metals onto microalgae. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) determined using the Langmuir and D-R model showed results in the order of Cu > Co > Cd in both acidic and neutral conditions. A shift from acidic to neutral conditions increased the microalgae’s adsorption affinity for heavy metals, as determined using the Freundlich parameter (KF). The adsorption affinity of the biomass for Cd and Co was in the order S. platensis > C. vulgaris > Scenedesmus sp. while that of Cu was in the order C. vulgaris > Scenedesmus sp. > S. platensis. In addition, it was found that the adsorption of Cd and Co enhanced the production of Dissolved Organic Content (DOC) as a byproduct of biosorption, whereas the adsorption of Cu appeared to suppress the generation of DOC. The mean adsorption energy (E) values computed by the D-R model were less than 8 (kJ/mol), indicating that physisorption was the primary force of sorption in both acidic and neutral settings. The findings of this study suggest that microalgae may be used as a low-cost adsorbent for metal removal from industrial effluent.
比较了 Cd、Co 和 Cu 在三种微藻（Chlorella vulgaris、Senedesmus sp.和 Spirulina platensis）上的生物吸附情况，以确定微藻在酸性和中性环境中的重金属吸附能力。研究采用 Langmuir、Freundlich 和 Dubinin-Radushkevich 等温线模型来描述微藻对重金属的吸附。使用 Langmuir 和 D-R 模型测定的最大吸附容量（qmax）显示，在酸性和中性条件下，吸附容量依次为 Cu > Co > Cd。从酸性条件到中性条件的转变增加了微藻对重金属的吸附亲和力，这是用 Freundlich 参数（KF）确定的。生物质对镉和钴的吸附亲和力依次为 S. platensis > C. vulgaris > Scenedesmus sp.> S. platensis 的顺序。此外，研究还发现，作为生物吸附的副产品，镉和钴的吸附增强了溶解有机物（DOC）的生成，而铜的吸附似乎抑制了 DOC 的生成。通过 D-R 模型计算得出的平均吸附能 (E) 值小于 8（kJ/mol），表明物理吸附是酸性和中性环境中的主要吸附力。研究结果表明，微藻可作为一种低成本吸附剂，用于去除工业废水中的金属。
{"title":"Biosorption of Cd(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) onto Microalgae under Acidic and Neutral Conditions","authors":"Jesse T. Phiri, Sanghwa Oh","doi":"10.3390/su16156342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156342","url":null,"abstract":"The biosorption of Cd, Co, and Cu onto three microalgae species (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus sp., and Spirulina platensis) was compared to determine the microalgae’s capability for heavy metal adsorption in acidic and neutral environments. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models were used to characterize the adsorption of the heavy metals onto microalgae. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) determined using the Langmuir and D-R model showed results in the order of Cu > Co > Cd in both acidic and neutral conditions. A shift from acidic to neutral conditions increased the microalgae’s adsorption affinity for heavy metals, as determined using the Freundlich parameter (KF). The adsorption affinity of the biomass for Cd and Co was in the order S. platensis > C. vulgaris > Scenedesmus sp. while that of Cu was in the order C. vulgaris > Scenedesmus sp. > S. platensis. In addition, it was found that the adsorption of Cd and Co enhanced the production of Dissolved Organic Content (DOC) as a byproduct of biosorption, whereas the adsorption of Cu appeared to suppress the generation of DOC. The mean adsorption energy (E) values computed by the D-R model were less than 8 (kJ/mol), indicating that physisorption was the primary force of sorption in both acidic and neutral settings. The findings of this study suggest that microalgae may be used as a low-cost adsorbent for metal removal from industrial effluent.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"26 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural green development has become essential for sustainable agriculture and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. This study evaluates the total index of agricultural green development by applying the entropy method; it then examines the spatial–temporal evolution of agricultural green development and finally uses the panel quantile model to examine the driving factors of agricultural green development in China. The results indicate that the level of agricultural green development is rising with time, and the differences among the regions have not changed, showing an increasing direction from west to east. The results from the panel quantile regression with nonadditive fixed effects show that the driving factors have different impacts on agricultural green development across quantiles. Industrial structure upgrading, rural informatization, and agricultural marketization have more significant effects in provinces with higher agricultural green development; agricultural finance and the per capita GDP have greater impacts in provinces at a moderate level of agricultural green development; and technology development, rural informatization, and the urbanization rate play a more important role in provinces at a lower level of agricultural green development. Thus, each province should devise policies according to its level of agricultural green development, which would be beneficial in improving the policies’ effectiveness.
农业绿色发展对于农业可持续发展和减少二氧化碳排放至关重要。本研究运用熵值法对农业绿色发展总指数进行了评价，然后考察了农业绿色发展的时空演变，最后运用面板量子模型研究了中国农业绿色发展的驱动因素。结果表明，随着时间的推移，农业绿色发展水平在不断提高，地区间的差异没有改变，呈现出由西向东递增的方向。非加性固定效应的面板量值回归结果表明，不同量值的驱动因素对农业绿色发展的影响不同。产业结构升级、农村信息化和农业市场化对农业绿色发展水平较高的省份有更显著的影响；农业金融和人均 GDP 对农业绿色发展水平中等的省份有更大的影响；科技发展、农村信息化和城镇化率对农业绿色发展水平较低的省份有更重要的作用。因此，各省应根据其农业绿色发展水平制定相应的政策，这将有利于提高政策的有效性。
{"title":"Spatial–Temporal Evolution and Driving Factors of Agricultural Green Development in China: Evidence from Panel Quantile Approaches","authors":"Fanghui Pan, Haonan Deng, Miao Chen, Lijuan Zhao, Wei Qian, Xiangrong Wan","doi":"10.3390/su16156345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156345","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural green development has become essential for sustainable agriculture and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. This study evaluates the total index of agricultural green development by applying the entropy method; it then examines the spatial–temporal evolution of agricultural green development and finally uses the panel quantile model to examine the driving factors of agricultural green development in China. The results indicate that the level of agricultural green development is rising with time, and the differences among the regions have not changed, showing an increasing direction from west to east. The results from the panel quantile regression with nonadditive fixed effects show that the driving factors have different impacts on agricultural green development across quantiles. Industrial structure upgrading, rural informatization, and agricultural marketization have more significant effects in provinces with higher agricultural green development; agricultural finance and the per capita GDP have greater impacts in provinces at a moderate level of agricultural green development; and technology development, rural informatization, and the urbanization rate play a more important role in provinces at a lower level of agricultural green development. Thus, each province should devise policies according to its level of agricultural green development, which would be beneficial in improving the policies’ effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"62 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper arises from an ONRR project on “New technologies and methodologies for traceability, quality, safety, measurements and certifications to enhance the value and protect the typical traits in agrifood chains”. It has a first aim of performing an exhaustive review pertaining to the construction of indicators of the quality and safety of agrifood products, creating information systems dashboards of unidimensional and multidimensional indicators and applying such indicators, in the context of consumer choices and decisions of policy-makers and firms. Since it has been found that the literature offers no single proposal linking all such aspects, a second central and innovative aim is to propose an original step-by-step procedure for integrating information systems of statistical indicators for citizens, institutions and policy-makers with a specific focus on new technologies and methods for traceability, quality and safety of agrifood systems. The final output is a smart and user-friendly online database that is an absolute innovation on the topic.
{"title":"Towards Integrating Information Systems of Statistical Indicators on Traceability, Quality and Safety of Italian Agrifood Systems for Citizens, Institutions and Policy-Makers","authors":"Gianni Betti, Daniela Evangelista, Francesca Gagliardi, Emanuele Giordano, Angelo Riccaboni","doi":"10.3390/su16156330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156330","url":null,"abstract":"This paper arises from an ONRR project on “New technologies and methodologies for traceability, quality, safety, measurements and certifications to enhance the value and protect the typical traits in agrifood chains”. It has a first aim of performing an exhaustive review pertaining to the construction of indicators of the quality and safety of agrifood products, creating information systems dashboards of unidimensional and multidimensional indicators and applying such indicators, in the context of consumer choices and decisions of policy-makers and firms. Since it has been found that the literature offers no single proposal linking all such aspects, a second central and innovative aim is to propose an original step-by-step procedure for integrating information systems of statistical indicators for citizens, institutions and policy-makers with a specific focus on new technologies and methods for traceability, quality and safety of agrifood systems. The final output is a smart and user-friendly online database that is an absolute innovation on the topic.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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