{"title":"“Protecting the World's Crocodilians”—A review of Crocodiles of the World","authors":"J. V. Ruiz","doi":"10.1111/azo.12509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50945,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141365504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josafá Reis‐Júnior, Leonardo Cruz da Rosa, Kátia Meirelles Felizola Freire
This study aimed at analysing the population structure and reproductive aspects of Callinectes ornatus present in the bycatch of shrimp fisheries off Sergipe (northeastern Brazil), and at comparing the findings with other regions. Samples were obtained monthly from shrimp trawlers based in the Pirambu municipality (11°S–37°W) from May/2015 to May/2016. Each specimen of C. ornatus was separated, identified and weighed (TW, total weight, g). Carapace length (CL, mm) and width (CW, not including lateral spines, mm) were measured, and the sex and stage of morphological maturity were identified. A total of 403 females and 427 males of C. ornatus were found and analysed. The overall sex ratio did not differ from 1:1. Males were larger and heavier than females. Biometric relations (CL‐CW and TW‐CW) were different between sexes. The size at first morphological maturity (CWm) was 38.20 mm for females and 44.00 mm for males. The reproductive and recruitment periods were continuous, with some peaks throughout the year. Despite C. ornatus being a frequent species in shrimp bycatch, its exploitation status is still unknown.
{"title":"Population structure and reproductive aspects of Callinectes ornatus (Decapoda: Brachyura) present in the bycatch of shrimp fisheries in northeastern Brazil","authors":"Josafá Reis‐Júnior, Leonardo Cruz da Rosa, Kátia Meirelles Felizola Freire","doi":"10.1111/azo.12508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12508","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at analysing the population structure and reproductive aspects of <jats:italic>Callinectes ornatus</jats:italic> present in the bycatch of shrimp fisheries off Sergipe (northeastern Brazil), and at comparing the findings with other regions. Samples were obtained monthly from shrimp trawlers based in the Pirambu municipality (11°S–37°W) from May/2015 to May/2016. Each specimen of <jats:italic>C. ornatus</jats:italic> was separated, identified and weighed (TW, total weight, g). Carapace length (CL, mm) and width (CW, not including lateral spines, mm) were measured, and the sex and stage of morphological maturity were identified. A total of 403 females and 427 males of <jats:italic>C. ornatus</jats:italic> were found and analysed. The overall sex ratio did not differ from 1:1. Males were larger and heavier than females. Biometric relations (CL‐CW and TW‐CW) were different between sexes. The size at first morphological maturity (CW<jats:sub>m</jats:sub>) was 38.20 mm for females and 44.00 mm for males. The reproductive and recruitment periods were continuous, with some peaks throughout the year. Despite <jats:italic>C. ornatus</jats:italic> being a frequent species in shrimp bycatch, its exploitation status is still unknown.","PeriodicalId":50945,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141189895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orlando Tobias Silveira, Jeferson Fonseca Pereira, S. P. D. S. Felizardo, Ian Patrick Vilhena dos Santos, José Nazareno dos Santos
Vespid wasps use legs primarily for locomotion and in contexts such as grooming, handling of food and nest materials. Studies on leg form and function are relatively scarce. We analysed measurements of legs of 127 species of all genera of Polistinae, and of 18 species of other subfamilies, with the intent of investigating the occurrence and phylogenetic locations of morphometric patterns. Body‐size variation across Polistinae was determinant as to the absolute dimensions of legs, but allometric effects are generally small when comparing proportional length differences between differently sized species. Quite differently, size‐independent shape aspects are notably distinct as expressed by regression residuals and are clearly phylogenetically structured. Most distinctive are the very long mid and hind legs (and simultaneously exceedingly short forelegs) of Mischocyttarus species, and the comparatively shorter legs of some Epiponini. We found that forelegs have evolved with relative independence of the mid and hind legs, which is probably related to functions associated with the transport and manipulation of food and materials. Most examined solitary species showed mid and hindlegs shorter than most social polistines and vespines. Forefemur shape in some solitary species (euparagiines, masarines and some eumenines) may be functionally related to fossorial habits.
{"title":"Phylogenetic patterns of leg morphometric traits in vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)","authors":"Orlando Tobias Silveira, Jeferson Fonseca Pereira, S. P. D. S. Felizardo, Ian Patrick Vilhena dos Santos, José Nazareno dos Santos","doi":"10.1111/azo.12502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12502","url":null,"abstract":"Vespid wasps use legs primarily for locomotion and in contexts such as grooming, handling of food and nest materials. Studies on leg form and function are relatively scarce. We analysed measurements of legs of 127 species of all genera of Polistinae, and of 18 species of other subfamilies, with the intent of investigating the occurrence and phylogenetic locations of morphometric patterns. Body‐size variation across Polistinae was determinant as to the absolute dimensions of legs, but allometric effects are generally small when comparing proportional length differences between differently sized species. Quite differently, size‐independent shape aspects are notably distinct as expressed by regression residuals and are clearly phylogenetically structured. Most distinctive are the very long mid and hind legs (and simultaneously exceedingly short forelegs) of Mischocyttarus species, and the comparatively shorter legs of some Epiponini. We found that forelegs have evolved with relative independence of the mid and hind legs, which is probably related to functions associated with the transport and manipulation of food and materials. Most examined solitary species showed mid and hindlegs shorter than most social polistines and vespines. Forefemur shape in some solitary species (euparagiines, masarines and some eumenines) may be functionally related to fossorial habits.","PeriodicalId":50945,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moisés Escalona, Mariana Gelambi, José M. Hoyos‐Díaz, Alejandro J. Biganzoli‐Rangel, Pedro Ivo Simões
Body and limb size are associated with many aspects of the biology of animals. Geographic variation in morphological traits has often been investigated through ecogeographical rules. Bergmann's rule posits an inverse relationship between body size and temperature in homeotherms, while Allen's rule posits that endothermic animals inhabiting colder climates have relatively shorter protruding parts (e.g., limbs) in comparison to populations from warmer climates. However, the applicability and validity of these rules in poikilotherms are currently contentious. In this study, we aimed to test predictions of Bergmann's and Allen's rules in populations of the Neotropical frog Boana platanera. We analysed 142 adult male museum specimens from 17 localities along a mountain range in western Venezuela. We obtained six external morphological measurements and assessed the correlation of body size and limb size with temperature data for each locality. Our results were contrary to the expectations but consistent with previous studies. All this together indicates that exceptions to the Bergmann's and Allen's rules are frequent and idiosyncratic in anurans. We discuss alternative hypotheses that could explain geographic variation of body and limb size in future studies.
{"title":"Ecogeographic rules in a common Neotropical treefrog: No clinal variation along a mountain range","authors":"Moisés Escalona, Mariana Gelambi, José M. Hoyos‐Díaz, Alejandro J. Biganzoli‐Rangel, Pedro Ivo Simões","doi":"10.1111/azo.12503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12503","url":null,"abstract":"Body and limb size are associated with many aspects of the biology of animals. Geographic variation in morphological traits has often been investigated through ecogeographical rules. Bergmann's rule posits an inverse relationship between body size and temperature in homeotherms, while Allen's rule posits that endothermic animals inhabiting colder climates have relatively shorter protruding parts (e.g., limbs) in comparison to populations from warmer climates. However, the applicability and validity of these rules in poikilotherms are currently contentious. In this study, we aimed to test predictions of Bergmann's and Allen's rules in populations of the Neotropical frog <jats:italic>Boana platanera</jats:italic>. We analysed 142 adult male museum specimens from 17 localities along a mountain range in western Venezuela. We obtained six external morphological measurements and assessed the correlation of body size and limb size with temperature data for each locality. Our results were contrary to the expectations but consistent with previous studies. All this together indicates that exceptions to the Bergmann's and Allen's rules are frequent and idiosyncratic in anurans. We discuss alternative hypotheses that could explain geographic variation of body and limb size in future studies.","PeriodicalId":50945,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140931050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The male genital, pregenital skeleton, musculature of male terminalia, and the ovipositor were studied in Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp). A comparison was conducted between the terminal segments and muscles of S. nudiseta and previously studied species of the subfamily Azeliinae. Notable differences were found between previously studied species of the subfamily Azeliinae and Synthesiomyia + Muscina. These differences correspond to apomorphic character states in Synthesiomyia + Muscina, including the large size of the ejaculatory apodeme and the powerful constrictors of the ejaculatory apodeme M 23; the completely membranous sternite VI; the membrane connection of the muscle ISM 5 (lower); the small size of pregonites and postgonites; and the joints of the phallapodeme muscles М 21 at the base of the hypandrial arms. Based on these differences, Synthesiomyia + Muscina can be assigned to the subfamily Reinwardtiinae, as has been confirmed by recent molecular studies. However, similarities in the set of pregenital muscles and the set of phallapodeme muscles between Synthesiomyia + Muscina and the Azeliinae were also noted. These similarities may be considered as plesiomorphic character states, indicating their phylogenetic relationship. It can be argued that Reinwardtiinae + Azeliinae constitute sister groups and occupy the basal position within the family Muscidae.
{"title":"Exploring genital and pregenital musculature in Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera: Muscidae: Reinwardtiinae): Insights into evolutionary relationships with subfamily Azeliinae","authors":"O. G. Ovtshinnikova, T. Ivorra, V. S. Sorokina","doi":"10.1111/azo.12501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12501","url":null,"abstract":"The male genital, pregenital skeleton, musculature of male terminalia, and the ovipositor were studied in <jats:italic>Synthesiomyia nudiseta</jats:italic> (Wulp). A comparison was conducted between the terminal segments and muscles of <jats:italic>S. nudiseta</jats:italic> and previously studied species of the subfamily Azeliinae. Notable differences were found between previously studied species of the subfamily Azeliinae and <jats:italic>Synthesiomyia</jats:italic> + <jats:italic>Muscina</jats:italic>. These differences correspond to apomorphic character states in <jats:italic>Synthesiomyia</jats:italic> + <jats:italic>Muscina</jats:italic>, including the large size of the ejaculatory apodeme and the powerful constrictors of the ejaculatory apodeme M 23; the completely membranous sternite VI; the membrane connection of the muscle ISM 5 (<jats:italic>lower</jats:italic>); the small size of pregonites and postgonites; and the joints of the phallapodeme muscles М 2<jats:sup>1</jats:sup> at the base of the hypandrial arms. Based on these differences, <jats:italic>Synthesiomyia</jats:italic> + <jats:italic>Muscina</jats:italic> can be assigned to the subfamily Reinwardtiinae, as has been confirmed by recent molecular studies. However, similarities in the set of pregenital muscles and the set of phallapodeme muscles between <jats:italic>Synthesiomyia</jats:italic> + <jats:italic>Muscina</jats:italic> and the Azeliinae were also noted. These similarities may be considered as plesiomorphic character states, indicating their phylogenetic relationship. It can be argued that Reinwardtiinae + Azeliinae constitute sister groups and occupy the basal position within the family Muscidae.","PeriodicalId":50945,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140561657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laryssa Lemos Silva, Jamile Fernanda Silva Cossolin, Thiago Gechel Kloss, Jessica Roberta Lacerda Alvim, Aline Beatriz Reis, José Cola Zanuncio, Bárbara Monteiro de Castro e Castro, José Eduardo Serrão
Hymenoepimecis wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) are ectoparasitoids of spiders that modify the hosts’ behaviour by inducing changes in webs. Variations in the male reproductive tract contribute to enhancing our understanding of the reproductive behaviour of these insects. This study describes the morphology of the male reproductive tract of Hymenoepimecis bicolor (Brullé, 1846) using light microscope. The male reproductive tract of H. bicolor consists of a pair of testes, each containing a single follicle, two vasa deferentia, one ejaculatory duct and two accessory glands. The testis follicle has cysts at various stages of spermatogenesis, indicating ongoing sperm cell development and maturation. The vasa deferentia are elongated, with a coiled distal portion, whereas the proximal regions are laterally associated with a pair of accessory glands. The wall of the vasa deferentia has simple cuboidal epithelium. The accessory glands had a simple columnar epithelium with the lumen filled with heterogeneous content. The seminal vesicle is absent. The similarity in the anatomy and histology of the male reproductive tract of H. bicolor with other Hymenoptera suggests that the parasitoid behaviour does not result in significant alteration to their reproductive organs, indicating that the reproductive tract is conserved in Hymenoptera, regardless of their behaviours.
{"title":"Anatomy and histology of the male reproductive tract of the parasitoid wasp Hymenoepimecis bicolor (Brullé, 1846) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)","authors":"Laryssa Lemos Silva, Jamile Fernanda Silva Cossolin, Thiago Gechel Kloss, Jessica Roberta Lacerda Alvim, Aline Beatriz Reis, José Cola Zanuncio, Bárbara Monteiro de Castro e Castro, José Eduardo Serrão","doi":"10.1111/azo.12500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12500","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Hymenoepimecis</jats:italic> wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) are ectoparasitoids of spiders that modify the hosts’ behaviour by inducing changes in webs. Variations in the male reproductive tract contribute to enhancing our understanding of the reproductive behaviour of these insects. This study describes the morphology of the male reproductive tract of <jats:italic>Hymenoepimecis bicolor</jats:italic> (Brullé, 1846) using light microscope. The male reproductive tract of <jats:italic>H. bicolor</jats:italic> consists of a pair of testes, each containing a single follicle, two <jats:italic>vasa deferentia</jats:italic>, one ejaculatory duct and two accessory glands. The testis follicle has cysts at various stages of spermatogenesis, indicating ongoing sperm cell development and maturation. The <jats:italic>vasa deferentia</jats:italic> are elongated, with a coiled distal portion, whereas the proximal regions are laterally associated with a pair of accessory glands. The wall of the <jats:italic>vasa deferentia</jats:italic> has simple cuboidal epithelium. The accessory glands had a simple columnar epithelium with the lumen filled with heterogeneous content. The seminal vesicle is absent. The similarity in the anatomy and histology of the male reproductive tract of <jats:italic>H. bicolor</jats:italic> with other Hymenoptera suggests that the parasitoid behaviour does not result in significant alteration to their reproductive organs, indicating that the reproductive tract is conserved in Hymenoptera, regardless of their behaviours.","PeriodicalId":50945,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessio Alesci, Sebastian Marino, Dario Di Fresco, Anthea Miller, Laura Saccardi, Sergio Famulari, Marco Albano, Davide Di Paola, Nunziacarla Spanò, Eugenia Rita Lauriano
The skin of snakes acts as the first interface between these reptiles and the environment they live in. It plays an important role in the ecology of these organisms, and specialised structures, such as tactile corpuscles, are crucial in the sensing of a wide variety of stimuli. This study, by examining the presence, localisation and colocalisation of serotonin, substance P, PGP 9.5 and tubulin, wants to demonstrate the sensory role that these structures play in the ecology of the Green whip snake Hierophis viridiflavus (Lacépède, 1789). This study presents the first evaluation of nerve and immune molecules (TLR2) in the tactile corpuscles of H. viridiflavius ventral skin, indicating a potential defence role of these structures. These findings provide valuable information on the ecology of snakes, their defence systems, and their evolutionary morphostructural adaptations. Additionally, the identification of these corpuscles could provide valuable support for taxonomic recognition. Furthermore, this study expands the knowledge about stimuli sensing in snakes.
{"title":"Evolution of snake skin: Role of cutaneous tactile corpuscles in Hierophis viridiflavus (Lacépède, 1789)","authors":"Alessio Alesci, Sebastian Marino, Dario Di Fresco, Anthea Miller, Laura Saccardi, Sergio Famulari, Marco Albano, Davide Di Paola, Nunziacarla Spanò, Eugenia Rita Lauriano","doi":"10.1111/azo.12499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12499","url":null,"abstract":"The skin of snakes acts as the first interface between these reptiles and the environment they live in. It plays an important role in the ecology of these organisms, and specialised structures, such as tactile corpuscles, are crucial in the sensing of a wide variety of stimuli. This study, by examining the presence, localisation and colocalisation of serotonin, substance P, PGP 9.5 and tubulin, wants to demonstrate the sensory role that these structures play in the ecology of the Green whip snake <i>Hierophis viridiflavus</i> (Lacépède, 1789). This study presents the first evaluation of nerve and immune molecules (TLR2) in the tactile corpuscles of <i>H. viridiflavius</i> ventral skin, indicating a potential defence role of these structures. These findings provide valuable information on the ecology of snakes, their defence systems, and their evolutionary morphostructural adaptations. Additionally, the identification of these corpuscles could provide valuable support for taxonomic recognition. Furthermore, this study expands the knowledge about stimuli sensing in snakes.","PeriodicalId":50945,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regeneration varies largely among metazoans. Aside molecular processes, this epiphenomenon depends on the biological complexity and evolutive history of each species during the adaptation to their specific environment. While most species adapted to marine or freshwater conditions can extensively regenerate, those adapted to terrestrial conditions and parasitism lost the ability to regenerate. They are mainly represented from ascelmintes evolving eutely and numerous arthropods and amniotes. High regeneration can only occur in water-adapted species and requires high tissue hydration, indirect development through metamorphosis and often also presence of asexual propagation. Metamorphosis allows the anatomical-physiological transformation of a larva in an adult through an initial destructive phase followed by a constructive (regenerative) phase. Invertebrates and vertebrates that possess genomes including metamorphic genes can re-utilize in part or largely similar genes for the regeneration of lost organs. I submit that during land adaptation in both invertebrates and vertebrates the initial larval stages and metamorphosis were lost or altered as some key genes, including those for telomerases, could no longer be expressed in the dry environment. Consequently, also the initial regenerative ability was lost while other epiphenomena were gained, including complex immunity and behaviour but also an evident process of ageing.
{"title":"Speculations on the loss of regeneration derived from developmental modifications during land adaptation in some evolutionary lineages of animals","authors":"Lorenzo Alibardi","doi":"10.1111/azo.12498","DOIUrl":"10.1111/azo.12498","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Regeneration varies largely among metazoans. Aside molecular processes, this epiphenomenon depends on the biological complexity and evolutive history of each species during the adaptation to their specific environment. While most species adapted to marine or freshwater conditions can extensively regenerate, those adapted to terrestrial conditions and parasitism lost the ability to regenerate. They are mainly represented from ascelmintes evolving eutely and numerous arthropods and amniotes. High regeneration can only occur in water-adapted species and requires high tissue hydration, indirect development through metamorphosis and often also presence of asexual propagation. Metamorphosis allows the anatomical-physiological transformation of a larva in an adult through an initial destructive phase followed by a constructive (regenerative) phase. Invertebrates and vertebrates that possess genomes including metamorphic genes can re-utilize in part or largely similar genes for the regeneration of lost organs. I submit that during land adaptation in both invertebrates and vertebrates the initial larval stages and metamorphosis were lost or altered as some key genes, including those for telomerases, could no longer be expressed in the dry environment. Consequently, also the initial regenerative ability was lost while other epiphenomena were gained, including complex immunity and behaviour but also an evident process of ageing.</p>","PeriodicalId":50945,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140129698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio Bonfitto, Maria Roberta Randi, Lorenzo Alibardi
Skin structure of the slow worm lizard Anguis fragilis (Anguidae, Sauria, Reptilia) with emphasis on the epidermal micro-ornamentation in relation to the animal movements (Acta Zoologica, Stockholm). The structure of the skin and superficial micro-ornamentation in the slow worm Anguis fragilis, a limbless lizard with a fossorial activity, was examined using histology, immunofluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The scales, with a triangular to trapezoidal shape, are very overlapped and interlocked to form a smooth surface and are reinforced by osteoderms. The epidermis shows a thin Oberhautchen layer merged with a thicker beta-layer that contains corneous beta-proteins. The SEM survey detects a smooth surface made of tile-like patterned Oberhautchen cells with irregular perimeters that form an interlocking surface. Disk-like sensory organs of 15–20 μm diameter are observed only on the head scales, the first to sense the environment and contact the ground. Numerous Oberhautchen denticles, namely corneous thorns of about 0.2–0.3 μm, adorn the caudally directed perimeter of Oberhautchen cells in the ventral scales of the trunk and tail. This microstructure may determine gripping and increased friction with the substrate during the lateral undulating and forward movements of the slow worm. TEM observations reveal sparse short serrated protrusions of Oberhautchen cells that are largely merged with the underlying beta-cells. Altogether, the scale surface of the slow worm efficiently suites this limbless lizard to its environment and lifestyle.
{"title":"Skin structure of the slow worm lizard Anguis fragilis (Anguidae, Sauria, Reptilia) with emphasis on the epidermal micro-ornamentation in relation to the animal movements","authors":"Antonio Bonfitto, Maria Roberta Randi, Lorenzo Alibardi","doi":"10.1111/azo.12497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12497","url":null,"abstract":"Skin structure of the slow worm lizard <i>Anguis fragilis</i> (Anguidae, Sauria, Reptilia) with emphasis on the epidermal micro-ornamentation in relation to the animal movements (Acta Zoologica, Stockholm). The structure of the skin and superficial micro-ornamentation in the slow worm <i>Anguis fragilis</i>, a limbless lizard with a fossorial activity, was examined using histology, immunofluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The scales, with a triangular to trapezoidal shape, are very overlapped and interlocked to form a smooth surface and are reinforced by osteoderms. The epidermis shows a thin Oberhautchen layer merged with a thicker beta-layer that contains corneous beta-proteins. The SEM survey detects a smooth surface made of tile-like patterned Oberhautchen cells with irregular perimeters that form an interlocking surface. Disk-like sensory organs of 15–20 μm diameter are observed only on the head scales, the first to sense the environment and contact the ground. Numerous Oberhautchen denticles, namely corneous thorns of about 0.2–0.3 μm, adorn the caudally directed perimeter of Oberhautchen cells in the ventral scales of the trunk and tail. This microstructure may determine gripping and increased friction with the substrate during the lateral undulating and forward movements of the slow worm. TEM observations reveal sparse short serrated protrusions of Oberhautchen cells that are largely merged with the underlying beta-cells. Altogether, the scale surface of the slow worm efficiently suites this limbless lizard to its environment and lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":50945,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139977580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shrimp fisheries and culture are important food sources worldwide. Central East Pacific fisheries are mainly supported by four species: Penaeus brevirostris, P. californiensis, P. stylirostris and P. vannamei. However, the same shrimp fishery practices, management strategies and closures are applied to these four species despite their differences in life history and reproductive periods. Most molecular studies have focused on the cultured species P. vannamei, while knowledge for the rest of the species is scarce. Therefore, this study sought to examine the transcriptomes of these four shrimp species from the Mexican Pacific at different maturity stages. A total of 165 unigenes were found to be reproduction-related in the four shrimp species. The genes with the highest overall expression levels were associated with ribosomes, transcription and methyltransferase pathways. Moreover, the reproduction-related genes with the highest expression values were polehole protein and ovarian peritrophin. The major expression similarities were primarily among pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic females within each species, and secondly among the species P. brevirostris and P. californiensis and the species P. vannamei and P. stylirostris. Although these four species might share a geographical location or niche, the expression of reproduction related-genes at different gonadal maturity stages exhibited species-specific variations.
对虾渔业和养殖是全世界重要的食物来源。中东太平洋渔业主要由四个物种支撑：P.stylirostris和P.vannamei。然而，尽管这四个物种的生活史和繁殖期不同，但对它们采用相同的捕虾方法、管理策略和禁渔期。大多数分子研究都集中在养殖物种凡纳米对虾上，而对其他物种的了解却很少。因此，本研究试图研究墨西哥太平洋的这四种虾在不同成熟阶段的转录组。研究发现，这四种虾共有165个基因与繁殖有关。总体表达水平最高的基因与核糖体、转录和甲基转移酶途径有关。此外，表达值最高的生殖相关基因是极孔蛋白和卵巢围养蛋白。主要的表达相似性主要体现在每个物种中的卵黄前期雌性和卵黄期雌性之间，其次是 P. brevirostris 和 P. californiensis 与 P. vannamei 和 P. stylirostris 之间。尽管这四个物种可能共享一个地理位置或生态位，但在不同性腺成熟阶段，生殖相关基因的表达表现出物种特异性差异。
{"title":"Differential expression of reproduction-related genes in shrimps from East Pacific fisheries","authors":"Laura R. Jimenez-Gutierrez","doi":"10.1111/azo.12496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12496","url":null,"abstract":"Shrimp fisheries and culture are important food sources worldwide. Central East Pacific fisheries are mainly supported by four species: <i>Penaeus brevirostris</i>, <i>P. californiensis</i>, <i>P. stylirostris</i> and <i>P. vannamei</i>. However, the same shrimp fishery practices, management strategies and closures are applied to these four species despite their differences in life history and reproductive periods. Most molecular studies have focused on the cultured species <i>P. vannamei</i>, while knowledge for the rest of the species is scarce. Therefore, this study sought to examine the transcriptomes of these four shrimp species from the Mexican Pacific at different maturity stages. A total of 165 unigenes were found to be reproduction-related in the four shrimp species. The genes with the highest overall expression levels were associated with ribosomes, transcription and methyltransferase pathways. Moreover, the reproduction-related genes with the highest expression values were <i>polehole protein</i> and <i>ovarian peritrophin</i>. The major expression similarities were primarily among pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic females within each species, and secondly among the species <i>P. brevirostris</i> and <i>P. californiensis</i> and the species <i>P. vannamei</i> and <i>P. stylirostris</i>. Although these four species might share a geographical location or niche, the expression of reproduction related-genes at different gonadal maturity stages exhibited species-specific variations.","PeriodicalId":50945,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139923670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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