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Silicon extraction from x-ray amorphous soil constituents: a method comparison of alkaline extracting agents 从 X 射线无定形土壤成分中提取硅:碱性提取剂的方法比较
Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1389022
Mathias Stein, Daniel Puppe, D. Kaczorek, Christian Buhtz, Jörg Schaller
The growing interest in amorphous silica (ASi) within the fields of soil science and ecology underscores the necessity for a reliable protocol to estimate ASi contents in soil. Alkaline wet chemical extraction methods are commonly employed for silicon (Si) extraction from operationally defined (x-ray) amorphous Si phases or short-range ordered mineral phases in soils and marine sediments. In our study we conducted a comparative analysis of four alkaline extraction methods (1% sodium carbonate, 0.5 M sodium carbonate, 0.2 M sodium hydroxide, and 0.1 M Tiron), assessing their extraction selectivity as well as effectiveness using soils artificially enriched with varying, defined amounts of ASi. While extraction effectiveness was evaluated by determining the recovery rate of initially added ASi, extraction selectivity was determined by measuring aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) concentrations as indicators of the dissolution of non-target mineral phases. Microwave plasma atom emission spectrometry was used to analyze Al, Fe, and Si concentrations in the extracts. Our results indicate that extraction with 0.2 M sodium hydroxide yields the best outcomes in terms of both extraction effectiveness and selectivity. This more recent extraction technique is conducted at the most alkaline pH (13.3) of all four methods tested, but at ambient temperature (21°C) decreasing the dissolution of non-target mineral phases. Though, no wet-chemical extraction used on heterogeneous samples like soil is precisely selective, and thus able to quantify the target analyte only. Hence, data obtained by such procedures still need to be interpreted with caution considering all their limitations.
土壤科学和生态学领域对无定形二氧化硅(ASi)的兴趣与日俱增,这突出表明有必要制定一个可靠的方案来估算土壤中的 ASi 含量。碱性湿化学萃取法通常用于从土壤和海洋沉积物中操作定义(X 射线)的无定形硅相或短程有序矿物相中提取硅(Si)。在我们的研究中,我们对四种碱性萃取方法(1% 碳酸钠、0.5 M 碳酸钠、0.2 M 氢氧化钠和 0.1 M 铁)进行了比较分析,使用人工添加了不同数量的 ASi 的土壤评估了它们的萃取选择性和有效性。萃取效果是通过测定初始添加的 ASi 的回收率来评估的,而萃取选择性则是通过测量铝(Al)和铁(Fe)的浓度来确定的,铝(Al)和铁(Fe)浓度是非目标矿物相溶解的指标。微波等离子体原子发射光谱法用于分析提取物中铝、铁和硅的浓度。我们的研究结果表明,使用 0.2 M 氢氧化钠进行萃取,在萃取效果和选择性方面都能获得最佳结果。这种最新的萃取技术是在所有四种测试方法中碱性最强的 pH 值(13.3)下进行的,但其环境温度(21°C)降低了非目标矿物相的溶解度。不过,在土壤等异质样品上使用的湿化学萃取法没有精确的选择性,因此只能对目标分析物进行定量。因此,考虑到这些程序的局限性,在解释这些程序获得的数据时仍需谨慎。
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引用次数: 0
Vegetation trends and dynamics in Shada Mountain, Saudi Arabia, (1984–2023): insights from Google Earth Engine and R analysis 沙特阿拉伯沙达山的植被趋势和动态(1984-2023 年):谷歌地球引擎和 R 分析的启示
Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1397825
Hanan F. Al-Harbi, Asma A. Alhuqail, Zubairul Islam, H. Ghrefat
This research analyses the long-term vegetation trends in Shada Mountain across six elevation zones, utilizing Landsat 5, 7, 8, and 9 imageries processed via Google Earth Engine and R. The study managed differences in images resolution through meticulous calibration and image processing techniques. The study is structured around two objectives: examining the relationship between vegetation and its proximity to streams and land surface temperature and analyzing trends in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between vegetation and proximity to streams in lower zones (1–3), with no significant effect in higher zones (4–6). NDVI trend analysis indicated an overall increase in vegetation across most zones, with the exception of zone 5, which displayed a negative trend (slope −0.0025). The findings reveal that the decline is particularly pronounced among key tree species such as Ficus cordata subsp. salicifolia and Acacia asak, suggesting potential impacts from climate change and land use alterations. These zone-specific insights deepen our understanding of the dynamic ecological processes in semi-arid environments and guide targeted environmental management and conservation efforts.
这项研究利用通过谷歌地球引擎和 R 处理的 Landsat 5、7、8 和 9 图像,分析了沙田山六个海拔区的长期植被趋势。研究围绕两个目标展开:研究植被及其与溪流的距离与地表温度之间的关系,以及分析归一化植被指数(NDVI)的变化趋势。回归分析表明,在较低区域(1-3),植被与靠近溪流的程度呈负相关,而在较高区域(4-6)则无明显影响。NDVI 趋势分析表明,除第 5 区呈现负趋势(斜率为 -0.0025)外,大多数区域的植被总体上都在增加。研究结果表明,主要树种(如榕树亚种和相思树)的植被减少尤为明显,这表明气候变化和土地利用的改变可能会对植被造成影响。这些针对特定地区的见解加深了我们对半干旱环境动态生态过程的理解,并为有针对性的环境管理和保护工作提供了指导。
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引用次数: 0
Advancing air quality forecasting in Abu Dhabi, UAE using time series models 利用时间序列模型推进阿联酋阿布扎比的空气质量预报工作
Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1393878
Mona S. Ramadan, Abdelgadir Abuelgasim, Naeema Al Hosani
This research enhances air quality predictions in Abu Dhabi by employing Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models on comprehensive air quality data collected from 2015 to 2023. We collected hourly data on nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM10), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from 19 well-placed ground monitoring stations. Our approach utilized ARIMA models to forecast future pollutant levels, with extensive data preparation and exploratory analysis conducted in R. Our results found a significant drop in NO2 levels after 2020 and the highest levels of particulate matter observed in 2022. The findings of our research confirm the effectiveness of the models, indicated by Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values ranging from 7.71 to 8.59. Additionally, our study provides valuable spatiotemporal insights into air pollution historical evolution, identifying key times and areas of heightened pollution, which can help in devising focused air quality management strategies. This research demonstrates the potential of ARIMA models in precise air quality forecasting, aiding in proactive public health initiatives and environmental policy development, consistent with Abu Dhabi’s Vision 2030.
本研究通过对 2015 年至 2023 年收集的综合空气质量数据采用自回归综合移动平均(ARIMA)模型,加强了对阿布扎比空气质量的预测。我们从 19 个位置良好的地面监测站收集了二氧化氮(NO2)、颗粒物(PM10)和细颗粒物(PM2.5)的每小时数据。我们的方法利用 ARIMA 模型来预测未来的污染物水平,并使用 R 语言进行了大量的数据准备和探索性分析。我们的结果发现,二氧化氮水平在 2020 年后显著下降,颗粒物水平在 2022 年达到最高值。我们的研究结果证实了模型的有效性,平均绝对百分比误差 (MAPE) 值从 7.71 到 8.59 不等。此外,我们的研究还为空气污染的历史演变提供了宝贵的时空洞察,确定了污染加剧的关键时间和地区,有助于制定有针对性的空气质量管理策略。这项研究展示了 ARIMA 模型在精确预测空气质量方面的潜力,有助于积极主动地开展公共卫生活动和制定环境政策,这与阿布扎比 2030 年愿景是一致的。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation and multi-scenario prediction of land-use change in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin, China 中国黄河流域甘肃段土地利用变化的模拟和多情景预测
Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1403248
Xin Ma, Jie Li, Guang Li
Introduction: The Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin is an important water resource conservation and replenishment area for the entire Yellow River Basin. With urbanization and socio-economic development, it is urgent to study the characteristics of land-use change and its future simulation in order to realize the coordinated ecological and economic development.Methods: Based on the patch-generating land-use simulation (PLUS) model, this paper investigated the main drivers of land-use type expansion with a comprehensive consideration of natural and socio-economic aspects; moreover, the study simulated land-use change in 2030 under the four scenarios of natural development, cultivated land protection, ecological priority, and economic construction.Results: The results showed the following: 1) the prediction of land-use types continued the historical evolution since 1980. Grassland, cultivated land, and forest land were still the dominant land types, accounting for more than 87% of the basin’s total area. Water bodies and wetlands remained relatively stable, and there was an obvious increase of approximately 20% in construction land. 2) Construction land and grassland were primarily driven by the social factor of the distance from the primary road and the distance from the secondary road, respectively. The cultivated land was greatly affected by the economic factor of population density. 3) The cultivated land protection scenario was the only one of the four scenarios that could make the cultivated land area increase positively, with an increase rate of 0.5%. This scenario also restricted effectively the conversion of cultivated land into construction land. The ecological priority scenario can expand grassland obviously with a proportion of 1.82% and slow down oasis desertion. The economic construction scenario can increase the construction land area the most by a rate of 25.5% to accelerate the economic development of specific regions in the study area.Discussion: Therefore, implementing policies on the basis of choosing suitable scenarios in different areas was significant for optimizing the land-use structure, promoting the efficient use of land resources and ecological environment in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin.
引言黄河流域甘肃段是整个黄河流域重要的水资源涵养补给区。随着城市化和社会经济的发展,迫切需要研究土地利用变化特征及其未来模拟,以实现生态与经济的协调发展:方法:本文基于斑块生成土地利用模拟(PLUS)模型,综合考虑自然和社会经济因素,研究了土地利用类型扩展的主要驱动因素,并模拟了 2030 年自然发展、耕地保护、生态优先和经济建设四种情景下的土地利用变化:结果表明1)土地利用类型预测延续了 1980 年以来的历史演变。草地、耕地和林地仍是主要的土地类型,占流域总面积的 87%以上。水体和湿地相对稳定,建设用地明显增加,约占 20%。2) 建设用地和草地主要分别受一级公路距离和二级公路距离的社会因素影响。耕地受人口密度这一经济因素的影响较大。3) 耕地保护方案是四个方案中唯一能使耕地面积正增长的方案,增长率为 0.5%。该情景还有效限制了耕地向建设用地的转化。生态优先情景能明显扩大草地面积,比例为 1.82%,减缓绿洲荒芜。经济建设情景最能增加建设用地面积,增加比例为 25.5%,加快研究区特定区域的经济发展:因此,在不同地区选择合适情景的基础上实施相应政策,对于优化黄河流域甘肃段土地利用结构、促进土地资源高效利用和生态环境建设具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Digital transformation, green innovation, and audit fees 数字化转型、绿色创新和审计费用
Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1323282
Pengzheng Lou, Xiaohui Zhou
Under the trend of synergistic development of digitalization and greening, this paper investigates the impact of enterprise digital transformation on audit fees and its mechanism, by using textual analysis and performing empirical tests on the data of Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2021. It is found that enterprise digital transformation significantly increases audit fees, and green innovation partially mediates this process. The study results are robust, even after a series of robustness tests. When financing constraints and environmental regulations are low, the mediating role of green innovation between digital transformation and audit fees is more significant. In addition, green innovation has a stronger mediating role between the use of underlying technology and audit fees, while green substantive innovation has a stronger mediating role between digital transformation and audit fees. This study investigates the effect of enterprise digital transformation on audit fees from the standpoint of green innovation. It offers a new perspective on how accounting firms make audit pricing decisions, provides guidance for enterprise digital transformation and green innovation, and gives an opportunity for China to promote the synergistic transformation and development of digitalization and greening to achieve the dual-carbon goal.
在数字化与绿色化协同发展的趋势下,本文通过文本分析法,以中国上市公司2007-2021年的数据为研究对象,探讨了企业数字化转型对审计收费的影响及其机制。研究发现,企业数字化转型显著增加了审计费用,而绿色创新部分地介导了这一过程。即使经过一系列稳健性检验,研究结果也是稳健的。当融资约束和环境法规较低时,绿色创新在数字化转型和审计费用之间的中介作用更为显著。此外,绿色创新在底层技术使用与审计费用之间的中介作用更强,而绿色实质性创新在数字化转型与审计费用之间的中介作用更强。本研究从绿色创新的角度研究了企业数字化转型对审计费用的影响。它为会计师事务所如何进行审计定价决策提供了新的视角,为企业数字化转型和绿色创新提供了指导,也为我国推动数字化和绿色化协同转型发展,实现双碳目标提供了契机。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Air pollution as a risk factor affecting human health and economic costs 社论:空气污染是影响人类健康和经济成本的风险因素
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1421547
Ernest Czermański, Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek, Tomasz Laskowicz, Artur Badyda, Lara Aleluia Reis, Chris G. Tzanis
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Crucial air quality, atmospheric environment, and climate change in low- and middle-income countries 社论:中低收入国家的关键空气质量、大气环境和气候变化
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1412771
S. Sooktawee, T. Kanabkaew, Pichnaree Lalitaporn, Md Firoz Khan, D. A. Permadi, A. Limsakul
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Wildfires in the wildland-urban interface: applied research for fire prevention and hazard reduction 社论:荒地-城市交界处的野火:预防火灾和减少危害的应用研究
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1417773
L. Ghermandi, Sofía Gonzalez, Fermín J. Alcasena, António Bento-Gonçalves, J. R. Molina Martínez
{"title":"Editorial: Wildfires in the wildland-urban interface: applied research for fire prevention and hazard reduction","authors":"L. Ghermandi, Sofía Gonzalez, Fermín J. Alcasena, António Bento-Gonçalves, J. R. Molina Martínez","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1417773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1417773","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":509564,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141055817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Concentration unit mistakes in health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil, sediment, and indoor/road dust 土壤、沉积物和室内/道路灰尘中多环芳烃健康风险评估中的浓度单位错误
Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1370397
A. Onjia
{"title":"Concentration unit mistakes in health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil, sediment, and indoor/road dust","authors":"A. Onjia","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1370397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1370397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":509564,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial: Advances in ecotechnologies for the control of non-point source pollution in agricultural and urban watersheds 社论:控制农业和城市流域非点源污染的生态技术进展
Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1400853
Mathieu Nsenga Kumwimba, F. O. Ajibade, Mawuli Dzakpasu, Elisa Soana
{"title":"Editorial: Advances in ecotechnologies for the control of non-point source pollution in agricultural and urban watersheds","authors":"Mathieu Nsenga Kumwimba, F. O. Ajibade, Mawuli Dzakpasu, Elisa Soana","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1400853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1400853","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":509564,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Frontiers in Environmental Science
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