Morpho-physiological characteristics of leaves are significantly associated with photosynthetic capacity and leaf growth. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between leaf functional traits, nutrients, and their active compounds throughout the developmental stages of kratom leaves. Five growth stages were identified: S1 (7-15 days), S2 (15-30 days), S3 (30-45 days), S4 (45-60 days), and S5 (60-75 days). A comparison of leaf-group stages was conducted based on morpho-physiological traits, macronutrient content, phytochemical analysis, and antioxidant activity. The results revealed that leaf weight and leaf area increased from S1 to S5, with a slight decrease observed in S5. Stomatal density remained similar across all stages. In contrast, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents showed a steady increase up to the S5 stage. The maximum assimilation rate (Amax) and light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pmax) were achieved at the S2 and S3 stages. Macronutrient levels (N, P, and K) were highest in the younger leaf-group stages (S1 to S2) and significantly different from the older leaf-group stages (S4 to S5). The highest amount of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were found in the middle leaf-group stage (S3). However, anthocyanin content tended to decrease with leaf-group stages. Moreover, the mitragynine content continuously decreased with leaf age, with the highest content found in the young (S1 to S2) and middle (S3) group stages of leaves. Therefore, the productive phytochemical contents in the fully expanded leaves should be considered, especially mitragynine content, which is mainly used in medicinal products.
{"title":"Morphological and physiological properties of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) leaves: Macronutrients, phytochemicals, antioxidants, and mitragynine content","authors":"Wethanee Phromchan, Ifwarisan Defri, Chutikarn Saensano, Anuthida Chookaew, R. Chiarawipa, Somchai Sriwiriyajan","doi":"10.14719/pst.2991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2991","url":null,"abstract":"Morpho-physiological characteristics of leaves are significantly associated with photosynthetic capacity and leaf growth. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between leaf functional traits, nutrients, and their active compounds throughout the developmental stages of kratom leaves. Five growth stages were identified: S1 (7-15 days), S2 (15-30 days), S3 (30-45 days), S4 (45-60 days), and S5 (60-75 days). A comparison of leaf-group stages was conducted based on morpho-physiological traits, macronutrient content, phytochemical analysis, and antioxidant activity. The results revealed that leaf weight and leaf area increased from S1 to S5, with a slight decrease observed in S5. Stomatal density remained similar across all stages. In contrast, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents showed a steady increase up to the S5 stage. The maximum assimilation rate (Amax) and light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pmax) were achieved at the S2 and S3 stages. Macronutrient levels (N, P, and K) were highest in the younger leaf-group stages (S1 to S2) and significantly different from the older leaf-group stages (S4 to S5). The highest amount of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were found in the middle leaf-group stage (S3). However, anthocyanin content tended to decrease with leaf-group stages. Moreover, the mitragynine content continuously decreased with leaf age, with the highest content found in the young (S1 to S2) and middle (S3) group stages of leaves. Therefore, the productive phytochemical contents in the fully expanded leaves should be considered, especially mitragynine content, which is mainly used in medicinal products.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"37 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141109591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keagile Bati, P. Baeti, Goabaone Gaobotse, T. Kwape
Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder with increasing global prevalence, poses a significant public health concern, necessitating the development of safe and effective drugs. This study specifically assessed the inhibitory effects of Euclea natalensis leaf extracts on alpha-amylase through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico methods. The extracts were sequentially obtained using solvents of graded polarity. alpha-amylase inhibition studies were conducted through spectrophotometric methods, while in vivo assessments were performed using a starch tolerance test on rats. Molecular docking was carried out using Autodock 4.2.6, and SwissADME, along with ADMETlab 2.0, were employed to determine the drug-likeness and toxicity properties of the literature-mined compounds. The extracts demonstrated significant in vitro inhibition of alpha-amylase, with the methanol extract exhibiting the highest percentage of inhibition at 27% ± 4.2, followed by hexane and aqueous extracts at 18% ± 2.5 and 18% ± 3.7, respectively. In vivo, the extracts lowered blood glucose levels, with acarbose reducing peak blood glucose levels by 42%, while both the aqueous and methanol extracts reduced it by 19% each after 30 min. The overall glucose-lowering effect, based on the area under the starch tolerance curve, ranked as follows: acarbose > methanol > aqueous > hexane > dichloromethane extract. Molecular docking identified 20(29)-lupene-3 beta-isoferulate C3 as the most promising compound with the lowest binding energy of -11.4 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics revealed that C3 loses stability as it diverges from the active site. Additionally, while all other compounds passed the Lipinski drug-likeness criteria, 20(29)-lupene-3 beta-isoferulate C3 did not. Therefore, the present study suggests that E. natalensis exhibits antidiabetic properties through the inhibition of alpha-amylase and may serve as a source of potential antidiabetic drug molecules.
{"title":"Evaluation of the alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of Euclea natalensis extracts used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: An experimental and in silico approach","authors":"Keagile Bati, P. Baeti, Goabaone Gaobotse, T. Kwape","doi":"10.14719/pst.2845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2845","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder with increasing global prevalence, poses a significant public health concern, necessitating the development of safe and effective drugs. This study specifically assessed the inhibitory effects of Euclea natalensis leaf extracts on alpha-amylase through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico methods. The extracts were sequentially obtained using solvents of graded polarity. alpha-amylase inhibition studies were conducted through spectrophotometric methods, while in vivo assessments were performed using a starch tolerance test on rats. Molecular docking was carried out using Autodock 4.2.6, and SwissADME, along with ADMETlab 2.0, were employed to determine the drug-likeness and toxicity properties of the literature-mined compounds. The extracts demonstrated significant in vitro inhibition of alpha-amylase, with the methanol extract exhibiting the highest percentage of inhibition at 27% ± 4.2, followed by hexane and aqueous extracts at 18% ± 2.5 and 18% ± 3.7, respectively. In vivo, the extracts lowered blood glucose levels, with acarbose reducing peak blood glucose levels by 42%, while both the aqueous and methanol extracts reduced it by 19% each after 30 min. The overall glucose-lowering effect, based on the area under the starch tolerance curve, ranked as follows: acarbose > methanol > aqueous > hexane > dichloromethane extract. Molecular docking identified 20(29)-lupene-3 beta-isoferulate C3 as the most promising compound with the lowest binding energy of -11.4 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics revealed that C3 loses stability as it diverges from the active site. Additionally, while all other compounds passed the Lipinski drug-likeness criteria, 20(29)-lupene-3 beta-isoferulate C3 did not. Therefore, the present study suggests that E. natalensis exhibits antidiabetic properties through the inhibition of alpha-amylase and may serve as a source of potential antidiabetic drug molecules.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azad Ebrahimi, Esmail Nabizadeh, Heydar Azizi, Rahim Mohammadian
This experiment aimed to evaluate quantitative and qualitative characteristics, tolerance to water deficit, and stability of white sugar in sugar beet cultivars. The experimental design was a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, where the irrigation levels (normal and water shortage) were assigned to the main plots and 18 sugar beet cultivars were assigned to the subplots. The result revealed that Palma achieved the maximum root and white sugar yield under normal and water deficit; furthermore, the highest indices of YP, YS, MP, STI, HM, YI, DI, REI and MRP belonged to the Palma cultivar. The results of the AMMI analysis based on white sugar yield showed that the additive effects of genotype and environment and the multiplicative effect of G×E accounted for 75.52, 17.05 and 6.76 % of the total data variance. Based on AMMI stability value, the Delta, Pars, Paya and Novodoro cultivars were recognized as stable varieties. Also, the first 2 significant components of the interaction effect (G×E) accounted for 99.12 % of interaction effects variation. Based on the biplot results of the first 2 significant components against white sugar yield, Azare and Merak were the appropriate cultivars. Finally, Based on the multi-trait stability index, Azara, Novodoro and Merak cultivars were selected as stable genotypes. In 2 years and 2 conditions, the Palma cultivar was identified as a cultivar with high yield and drought tolerance and low stability and the Merak cultivar was identified as a cultivar with white sugar yield and acceptable stability.
{"title":"Evaluation of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars for some biochemical and agronomic traits under drought stress","authors":"Azad Ebrahimi, Esmail Nabizadeh, Heydar Azizi, Rahim Mohammadian","doi":"10.14719/pst.2974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2974","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment aimed to evaluate quantitative and qualitative characteristics, tolerance to water deficit, and stability of white sugar in sugar beet cultivars. The experimental design was a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, where the irrigation levels (normal and water shortage) were assigned to the main plots and 18 sugar beet cultivars were assigned to the subplots. The result revealed that Palma achieved the maximum root and white sugar yield under normal and water deficit; furthermore, the highest indices of YP, YS, MP, STI, HM, YI, DI, REI and MRP belonged to the Palma cultivar. The results of the AMMI analysis based on white sugar yield showed that the additive effects of genotype and environment and the multiplicative effect of G×E accounted for 75.52, 17.05 and 6.76 % of the total data variance. Based on AMMI stability value, the Delta, Pars, Paya and Novodoro cultivars were recognized as stable varieties. Also, the first 2 significant components of the interaction effect (G×E) accounted for 99.12 % of interaction effects variation. Based on the biplot results of the first 2 significant components against white sugar yield, Azare and Merak were the appropriate cultivars. Finally, Based on the multi-trait stability index, Azara, Novodoro and Merak cultivars were selected as stable genotypes. In 2 years and 2 conditions, the Palma cultivar was identified as a cultivar with high yield and drought tolerance and low stability and the Merak cultivar was identified as a cultivar with white sugar yield and acceptable stability.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afirus Febian, B. J. Priatmadi, Danang Biyatmoko, D. Adriani
Independent palm oil growers have participated in meeting the world's palm oil needs as well as contributing to economic development by increasing income and reducing poverty. Therefore, knowing the total value of benefits and financial costs from independent oil palm plantations is very important. This research aims to determine the total value of benefits and financial costs of independent oil palm plantations in Seruyan Regency. The Slovin method was used in selecting the sample size. The research method uses an exploratory research method, with benefit-cost analysis in the form of calculating Net Present Value (NPV), benefit-cost ratio (B/C Ratio) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results show that independent oil palm plantations in 2023 in Seruyan Regency are financially feasible to implement, this is indicated by the value of benefits greater than the value of costs, namely the total value of PV benefits IDR 1,409,358,175,296.54 and the total value of PV costs IDR 44,466,996,210.44; a positive NPV value of IDR 1,501,380,296,994.71 and a B/C ratio of 3.169 and an IRR of 11 %. Where this analysis has shown that the benefit value is greater than the cost value, so financially independent oil palm plantations can provide benefits for improving community welfare. However, this prosperity does not last forever, because the value of the benefits provided will decrease in the long term, this shows that oil palm plantation activities are not feasible in the long term, to change this condition can be overcome by preparing to carry out replanting.
{"title":"Total value of benefits and financial costs from independent oil palm plantations in Seruyan regency in 2023","authors":"Afirus Febian, B. J. Priatmadi, Danang Biyatmoko, D. Adriani","doi":"10.14719/pst.3594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3594","url":null,"abstract":"Independent palm oil growers have participated in meeting the world's palm oil needs as well as contributing to economic development by increasing income and reducing poverty. Therefore, knowing the total value of benefits and financial costs from independent oil palm plantations is very important. This research aims to determine the total value of benefits and financial costs of independent oil palm plantations in Seruyan Regency. The Slovin method was used in selecting the sample size. The research method uses an exploratory research method, with benefit-cost analysis in the form of calculating Net Present Value (NPV), benefit-cost ratio (B/C Ratio) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results show that independent oil palm plantations in 2023 in Seruyan Regency are financially feasible to implement, this is indicated by the value of benefits greater than the value of costs, namely the total value of PV benefits IDR 1,409,358,175,296.54 and the total value of PV costs IDR 44,466,996,210.44; a positive NPV value of IDR 1,501,380,296,994.71 and a B/C ratio of 3.169 and an IRR of 11 %. Where this analysis has shown that the benefit value is greater than the cost value, so financially independent oil palm plantations can provide benefits for improving community welfare. However, this prosperity does not last forever, because the value of the benefits provided will decrease in the long term, this shows that oil palm plantation activities are not feasible in the long term, to change this condition can be overcome by preparing to carry out replanting.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"57 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141108280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heat stress in Brassica is a great threat to its productivity and it is a major abiotic challenge in the current scenario of changing global climatic conditions. Oil production from Brassica is the second largest production after soybean, globally. In this study, 32 Indian mustard accessions were evaluated (post-anthesis stage) under heat stress in field conditions during the rabi season of 2019-20, by being exposed to 3 different growing conditions i.e., early, optimum and late sowing. Biochemical assays were performed at the post-anthesis stage to analyze the best-performing accessions under heat stress during the rabi season of 2021-22. Seed morphological parameters and stress indices (MDA, proline content) were used to find high-performing accessions. The results showed a significant correlation between yield under stress and STI (stress tolerance index), YI (yield index), SSPI (stress susceptibility percent index) and MP (mean productivity), indicating the utility of these indices in the selection of heat-tolerant and high-yielding lines. Based on the morphological, seed yield and quality parameters, accessions IC280920, IC401575, IC426400, IC491509 and IC570301 were found tolerant to heat stress as compared to other accessions. Therefore, the selected accessions can be utilized to improve crop Brassica, especially under heat stress.
{"title":"Indexing heat stress-induced changes in Indian mustard germplasm using biochemical traits, stress tolerance indices and seed morphological features","authors":"Bharati Pandey, Harinder Vishwakarma, Sharik Ali, Sujata Kumari, A. Kashyap, Kritika Sharma, Kamna, Rakesh Bhardwaj, Sangeeta Pandey, Rashmi Yadav","doi":"10.14719/pst.3576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3576","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress in Brassica is a great threat to its productivity and it is a major abiotic challenge in the current scenario of changing global climatic conditions. Oil production from Brassica is the second largest production after soybean, globally. In this study, 32 Indian mustard accessions were evaluated (post-anthesis stage) under heat stress in field conditions during the rabi season of 2019-20, by being exposed to 3 different growing conditions i.e., early, optimum and late sowing. Biochemical assays were performed at the post-anthesis stage to analyze the best-performing accessions under heat stress during the rabi season of 2021-22. Seed morphological parameters and stress indices (MDA, proline content) were used to find high-performing accessions. The results showed a significant correlation between yield under stress and STI (stress tolerance index), YI (yield index), SSPI (stress susceptibility percent index) and MP (mean productivity), indicating the utility of these indices in the selection of heat-tolerant and high-yielding lines. Based on the morphological, seed yield and quality parameters, accessions IC280920, IC401575, IC426400, IC491509 and IC570301 were found tolerant to heat stress as compared to other accessions. Therefore, the selected accessions can be utilized to improve crop Brassica, especially under heat stress.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":" 71","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jincy A. George, Jiang Ying Ying, Manikantan Pappuswamy, B. Balasubramanian, Aditi Chaudhary, K. Paari
Dengue, chikungunya, and zika are some of the fatal diseases that are causing a high number of deaths. Therefore, this work is designed to provide an effective control measure against these species of mosquito. Vitex negundo L. leaves were used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were proven to have significant larvicidal and pupicidal activity when tested against the developmental stages of Aedes aegypti. The nanoparticles were synthesized using silver nitrate, and the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using techniques such as UV-visible spectrometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction to confirm the presence of nanoparticles. The conditions for the larval hatchability from the first instar to adult stages were optimized at different pH ranges with three water sources: reverse osmosis water, tap water, and stagnant water. The LC50 of the subjected stages was found to be 441.43, 308.74, and 490.66 µl/L for the third and fourth instar and pupal stages of A. aegypti, respectively. The plant secondary metabolites were utilized as ligand compounds to target mosquito juvenile hormone-binding protein. Our study attempted to identify a plant-based nanomaterial that showed promising results in controlling larval development.
登革热、基孔肯雅病和寨卡病毒是造成大量死亡的致命疾病。因此，这项工作旨在提供一种有效的控制措施来对付这些种类的蚊子。研究人员利用荆叶合成了银纳米粒子（AgNPs），在对埃及伊蚊的发育阶段进行测试时，证明其具有显著的杀幼虫和杀蛹活性。使用硝酸银合成了纳米颗粒，并使用紫外可见光谱法、傅立叶变换红外光谱法和 X 射线衍射法等技术对合成的纳米颗粒进行了表征，以确认纳米颗粒的存在。在不同的 pH 值范围内，用反渗透水、自来水和死水三种水源对幼虫从第一龄期到成虫期的孵化条件进行了优化。结果发现，埃及蝇第三、第四龄期和蛹期的半致死浓度分别为 441.43、308.74 和 490.66 µl/L。这些植物次生代谢物被用作配体化合物，靶向蚊子幼虫激素结合蛋白。我们的研究试图找出一种基于植物的纳米材料，它在控制幼虫发育方面显示出良好的效果。
{"title":"Evaluation of toxicity of Vitex negundo L. synthesized silver nanoparticles against Aedes aegypti","authors":"Jincy A. George, Jiang Ying Ying, Manikantan Pappuswamy, B. Balasubramanian, Aditi Chaudhary, K. Paari","doi":"10.14719/pst.2961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2961","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue, chikungunya, and zika are some of the fatal diseases that are causing a high number of deaths. Therefore, this work is designed to provide an effective control measure against these species of mosquito. Vitex negundo L. leaves were used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were proven to have significant larvicidal and pupicidal activity when tested against the developmental stages of Aedes aegypti. The nanoparticles were synthesized using silver nitrate, and the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using techniques such as UV-visible spectrometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction to confirm the presence of nanoparticles. The conditions for the larval hatchability from the first instar to adult stages were optimized at different pH ranges with three water sources: reverse osmosis water, tap water, and stagnant water. The LC50 of the subjected stages was found to be 441.43, 308.74, and 490.66 µl/L for the third and fourth instar and pupal stages of A. aegypti, respectively. The plant secondary metabolites were utilized as ligand compounds to target mosquito juvenile hormone-binding protein. Our study attempted to identify a plant-based nanomaterial that showed promising results in controlling larval development.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naila Izzatul Mukhoyyaroh, R. Azrianingsih, Luchman Hakim
This study aimed to analyze the ecological factors and morphological traits of Liberica coffee in Kalipuro District, Banyuwangi Regency. Ecological and morphological factors were measured, and observations were recorded accordingly. The observation of significant morphological characters has been thoroughly conducted The observed ecological factors were microclimate factors, including altitude, air temperature, humidity, light intensity, rainfall rate, soil pH, soil temperature, and soil moisture. The Paleontological Statistics (PAST) program was used to perform multivariate analysis to group liberica coffee variants based on morphological traits and physical factors of the plantation. The study found that physical environmental factors had a relatively significant influence on morphological variation in each population. The light intensity and relative humidity were the physical environmental factors related to morphological traits, such as leaf shape index, number of flowers per inflorescence, and leaf surface index based on principal component analysis (PCA). Unstable weather conditions can influence environmental factors, which, in turn, can profoundly impact morphological characteristics, specifically the flowering season. The study revealed a statistically significant correlation between light intensity and the number of flowers per inflorescence.
{"title":"Ecological factors and morphological traits of Coffea Liberia Hiern in Kalipuro District, Banyuwangi Regency","authors":"Naila Izzatul Mukhoyyaroh, R. Azrianingsih, Luchman Hakim","doi":"10.14719/pst.2939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2939","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to analyze the ecological factors and morphological traits of Liberica coffee in Kalipuro District, Banyuwangi Regency. Ecological and morphological factors were measured, and observations were recorded accordingly. The observation of significant morphological characters has been thoroughly conducted The observed ecological factors were microclimate factors, including altitude, air temperature, humidity, light intensity, rainfall rate, soil pH, soil temperature, and soil moisture. The Paleontological Statistics (PAST) program was used to perform multivariate analysis to group liberica coffee variants based on morphological traits and physical factors of the plantation. The study found that physical environmental factors had a relatively significant influence on morphological variation in each population. The light intensity and relative humidity were the physical environmental factors related to morphological traits, such as leaf shape index, number of flowers per inflorescence, and leaf surface index based on principal component analysis (PCA). Unstable weather conditions can influence environmental factors, which, in turn, can profoundly impact morphological characteristics, specifically the flowering season. The study revealed a statistically significant correlation between light intensity and the number of flowers per inflorescence.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"38 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140657476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radish cultivation heavily relies on fertilizers, adversely affecting soil health. Shifting to organic practices is crucial for sustainability. This study explores combinations of organic amendments (farmyard manure, vermicompost, and poultry manure) to enhance radish growth and yield economically. Ten treatments were tested using a Randomized Block Design. One-way ANOVA, correlation, and regression analyses were conducted. The combination of 50% vermicompost and 50% poultry manure yielded the best results in plant height, leaf growth, fresh and dry weights, and root size. The highest yield (280 q/ha) was achieved with this combination, followed closely by 75% vermicompost and 25% poultry manure (245 q/ha), and 50% farmyard manure with 50% poultry manure (228 q/ha). This combination also proved the most economically and environmentally sustainable, with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.48. Compared to the control, it delivered a gross return 2.44 times higher and a net return 2.85 times higher. Incorporating poultry manure and vermicompost as nutrient sources in radish cultivation is a scientifically sound and economically viable approach, contributing to sustainable agriculture and aligning with UN Sustainable Development Goals.
{"title":"Nutrient management through organic amendments to ensure sustainable and economic cultivation of radish","authors":"Shekhar Suman, S. Singh, Dashrath Bhati","doi":"10.14719/pst.2622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2622","url":null,"abstract":"Radish cultivation heavily relies on fertilizers, adversely affecting soil health. Shifting to organic practices is crucial for sustainability. This study explores combinations of organic amendments (farmyard manure, vermicompost, and poultry manure) to enhance radish growth and yield economically. Ten treatments were tested using a Randomized Block Design. One-way ANOVA, correlation, and regression analyses were conducted. The combination of 50% vermicompost and 50% poultry manure yielded the best results in plant height, leaf growth, fresh and dry weights, and root size. The highest yield (280 q/ha) was achieved with this combination, followed closely by 75% vermicompost and 25% poultry manure (245 q/ha), and 50% farmyard manure with 50% poultry manure (228 q/ha). This combination also proved the most economically and environmentally sustainable, with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.48. Compared to the control, it delivered a gross return 2.44 times higher and a net return 2.85 times higher. Incorporating poultry manure and vermicompost as nutrient sources in radish cultivation is a scientifically sound and economically viable approach, contributing to sustainable agriculture and aligning with UN Sustainable Development Goals.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"77 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140670578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prajna Prakash Mishra, P. R. Mishra, T. Adak, Basana Gowda G, G. Pandi G, P. Golive, P. Rath, Susanta Kumar Das, Naveenkumar B. Patil
Rhyzopertha dominica F. (lesser grain borer) is an important primary pest of stored rice that causes substantial economic loss. This pest developed resistance to a wide range of hazardous chemical pesticides due to its great degree of adaptability. This study proposed to prepare Vitex negundo oil nanoemulsion (VNO NE) to improve its efficacy against this target pest. Vitex negundo oil (VNO) contains key compounds such as Aromandendrene, ?-caryophyllene, Squalene, 3-octen-5-yne,2,7-dimethyl-,(E)-,5-(1-isopropenyl-4,5-dimethylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-5-yl)-3-methyl-2-pentenol acetate, Farnesyl bromide, 4-terpineol and Elemol. VNO NEs were prepared using a high-speed homogenizer from which nanoemulsion having 5% VNO mixed at a 1:2 (w/w) ratio with tween80 was found to be optimum considering different characterization parameters. The mean zeta potential, polydispersity index and hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoemulsion were -3.4 mV, 0.263 and 166.62 nm respectively. For contact toxicity lethal dose 50 (LD50) value of VNO NE was 0.517 ?L cm-2 against R. dominica which was 46.03% less, compared to bulk VNO. LD50 value of VNO NE for fumigant toxicity against R. dominica was 245.38 ?L L-1 which was 32.05% less than that of crude oil. The highest repellency increased by 30.14% than VNO, when treated with VNO NE in R. dominica. Significant inhibition of glutathione transferase enzyme was also detected in insects treated with VNO NE than VNO and control. These results indicated that VNO NE is an effective novel pesticide that can be recommended for the management of R. dominica in stored rice.
小粒螟（Rhyzopertha dominica F.）是储藏水稻的一种重要的主要害虫，会造成巨大的经济损失。这种害虫由于适应性强，对多种有害化学农药产生了抗药性。本研究拟制备荆芥油纳米乳剂（VNO NE），以提高其对该目标害虫的药效。蔓荆子油（VNO）含有主要化合物，如芳香内烯、叶黄素、角鲨烯、3-辛烯-5-炔、2,7-二甲基-(E)-,5-(1-异丙烯基-4,5-二甲基双环[4.3.0]壬烷-5-基)-3-甲基-2-戊烯醇乙酸酯、法呢基溴化物、4-松油醇和榄香烯。使用高速均质机制备了 VNO NEs，根据不同的表征参数，发现 5%的 VNO 与吐温 80 以 1:2 的比例（w/w）混合制成的纳米乳液效果最佳。纳米乳液的平均 zeta 电位、多分散指数和流体力学直径分别为 -3.4 mV、0.263 和 166.62 nm。与散装 VNO 相比，VNO NE 对 dominica 的接触毒性致死剂量 50 (LD50) 值为 0.517 L cm-2，降低了 46.03%。东北乙烯熏蒸剂对多刺蚁的半数致死剂量为 245.38 升/升，比原油低 32.05%。用 VNO NE 处理多角蚁时，驱避率比 VNO 提高了 30.14%。与 VNO 和对照组相比，用 VNO NE 处理的昆虫谷胱甘肽转移酶也受到了明显的抑制。这些结果表明，VNO NE 是一种有效的新型杀虫剂，可推荐用于防治储藏稻米中的白背飞虱。
{"title":"Biotoxicity and repellency of Vitex negundo (L.) oil nanoemulsion towards Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) on stored rice","authors":"Prajna Prakash Mishra, P. R. Mishra, T. Adak, Basana Gowda G, G. Pandi G, P. Golive, P. Rath, Susanta Kumar Das, Naveenkumar B. Patil","doi":"10.14719/pst.3477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3477","url":null,"abstract":"Rhyzopertha dominica F. (lesser grain borer) is an important primary pest of stored rice that causes substantial economic loss. This pest developed resistance to a wide range of hazardous chemical pesticides due to its great degree of adaptability. This study proposed to prepare Vitex negundo oil nanoemulsion (VNO NE) to improve its efficacy against this target pest. Vitex negundo oil (VNO) contains key compounds such as Aromandendrene, ?-caryophyllene, Squalene, 3-octen-5-yne,2,7-dimethyl-,(E)-,5-(1-isopropenyl-4,5-dimethylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-5-yl)-3-methyl-2-pentenol acetate, Farnesyl bromide, 4-terpineol and Elemol. VNO NEs were prepared using a high-speed homogenizer from which nanoemulsion having 5% VNO mixed at a 1:2 (w/w) ratio with tween80 was found to be optimum considering different characterization parameters. The mean zeta potential, polydispersity index and hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoemulsion were -3.4 mV, 0.263 and 166.62 nm respectively. For contact toxicity lethal dose 50 (LD50) value of VNO NE was 0.517 ?L cm-2 against R. dominica which was 46.03% less, compared to bulk VNO. LD50 value of VNO NE for fumigant toxicity against R. dominica was 245.38 ?L L-1 which was 32.05% less than that of crude oil. The highest repellency increased by 30.14% than VNO, when treated with VNO NE in R. dominica. Significant inhibition of glutathione transferase enzyme was also detected in insects treated with VNO NE than VNO and control. These results indicated that VNO NE is an effective novel pesticide that can be recommended for the management of R. dominica in stored rice.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"124 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140669623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Girija Rani Merugumala, Satyanarayana P. V, Venkata Ramana Rao P, Suryanarayana Y, Singh N. K, Kondayya K, Kasturi T, Ravikumar B.N.V.S.R, Chamundeswari N, Srinivas T, Suneetha Y
The Development of flood-tolerant rice varieties is a prerequisite for climate resilience in flood-prone areas. The present study aimed to develop a stable, high, yielding, and tolerant rice variety against flash floods and stagnant flooding across multiple environments. Sub1A was incorporated into a popular rice variety MTU 1075 using Swarna-sub1 as a donor to generate BC3F5 families. Sub1BC2 was used as a foreground marker for selection, a proxy for the Sub1A gene. RM23865 and RM464 on Chromosome 9 were used as recombinant markers. Backcross families from the BC3F2 generation were evaluated under two weeks of flash floods 15 days after transplanting. This was followed by stagnant flooding and survived BC3F4 families were used for background selection using a 50K high-density SNP chip. The nine best families identified were included in the field trial evaluation under eight environments. Consequently, MTU Rice 1232 was identified as a high-yielding, flood-tolerant rice variety using Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction stability analysis. The MTU Rice 1232 ranked first by the Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) based ranking parameters and 4th based on stability parameters ranking. This flood-tolerant rice variety can tolerate both flash floods and stagnant flooding and possesses an 80% survival rate. It has a yield potential of 3792 Kg ha-1 under severe floods and 6000 Kg ha-1 under normal conditions.
{"title":"Marker assisted breeding of Sub1 introgressed rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines and identification of stable variety MTU 1232 suitable for flood prone ecosystem","authors":"Girija Rani Merugumala, Satyanarayana P. V, Venkata Ramana Rao P, Suryanarayana Y, Singh N. K, Kondayya K, Kasturi T, Ravikumar B.N.V.S.R, Chamundeswari N, Srinivas T, Suneetha Y","doi":"10.14719/pst.2801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2801","url":null,"abstract":"The Development of flood-tolerant rice varieties is a prerequisite for climate resilience in flood-prone areas. The present study aimed to develop a stable, high, yielding, and tolerant rice variety against flash floods and stagnant flooding across multiple environments. Sub1A was incorporated into a popular rice variety MTU 1075 using Swarna-sub1 as a donor to generate BC3F5 families. Sub1BC2 was used as a foreground marker for selection, a proxy for the Sub1A gene. RM23865 and RM464 on Chromosome 9 were used as recombinant markers. Backcross families from the BC3F2 generation were evaluated under two weeks of flash floods 15 days after transplanting. This was followed by stagnant flooding and survived BC3F4 families were used for background selection using a 50K high-density SNP chip. The nine best families identified were included in the field trial evaluation under eight environments. Consequently, MTU Rice 1232 was identified as a high-yielding, flood-tolerant rice variety using Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction stability analysis. The MTU Rice 1232 ranked first by the Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) based ranking parameters and 4th based on stability parameters ranking. This flood-tolerant rice variety can tolerate both flash floods and stagnant flooding and possesses an 80% survival rate. It has a yield potential of 3792 Kg ha-1 under severe floods and 6000 Kg ha-1 under normal conditions.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"72 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140677455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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