Isameldin Mahgoub Mohamed, Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid, S. Ayoub
Medicinal plants are widely used in traditional cultures all over the world and they are becoming increasingly popular in modern society as natural alternatives. This research aimed to conduct phytochemical screening; assess of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities; evaluate toxicity and detect the nutritional value of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. seeds. The Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures. The samples were extracted using hexane and absolute ethanol respectively. The extracts were evaluated for their effectiveness against microorganisms using the disc diffusion method and the antioxidant potential was measured by the DPPH assay. The proximate analysis of seed powder and mineral composition was determined using standard procedures. Toxicity was evaluated by the brine shrimp lethality test and the LD50 was calculated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids, while tannins and anthraquinones were not detected. Generally, the hexane extract showed higher antibacterial activity than the ethanolic extract against 4 bacteria. Both extracts exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans ranging from 12-17 mm. The hexane extract showed higher antioxidant activity than the ethanolic extract (60 % and 47 % respectively). Both extracts were non-toxic against brine shrimps, suggesting that they are safe for medicinal use. The results of the proximate analysis showed that the seeds contain high amounts of fat (34.19 %) and protein (33.25 %). The seeds of H. sabdariffa contained considerable amounts of some important elements, while lead was not detected. The findings of this study revealed that H. sabdariffa seeds are a rich source of secondary metabolites and nutritional value and could be used for pharmaceutical preparation and drug development.
{"title":"Phytochemical screening, assessment of biological activity and nutritional value of Sudanese Hibiscus sabdariffa L. seeds","authors":"Isameldin Mahgoub Mohamed, Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid, S. Ayoub","doi":"10.14719/pst.2934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2934","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are widely used in traditional cultures all over the world and they are becoming increasingly popular in modern society as natural alternatives. This research aimed to conduct phytochemical screening; assess of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities; evaluate toxicity and detect the nutritional value of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. seeds. The Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures. The samples were extracted using hexane and absolute ethanol respectively. The extracts were evaluated for their effectiveness against microorganisms using the disc diffusion method and the antioxidant potential was measured by the DPPH assay. The proximate analysis of seed powder and mineral composition was determined using standard procedures. Toxicity was evaluated by the brine shrimp lethality test and the LD50 was calculated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids, while tannins and anthraquinones were not detected. Generally, the hexane extract showed higher antibacterial activity than the ethanolic extract against 4 bacteria. Both extracts exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans ranging from 12-17 mm. The hexane extract showed higher antioxidant activity than the ethanolic extract (60 % and 47 % respectively). Both extracts were non-toxic against brine shrimps, suggesting that they are safe for medicinal use. The results of the proximate analysis showed that the seeds contain high amounts of fat (34.19 %) and protein (33.25 %). The seeds of H. sabdariffa contained considerable amounts of some important elements, while lead was not detected. The findings of this study revealed that H. sabdariffa seeds are a rich source of secondary metabolites and nutritional value and could be used for pharmaceutical preparation and drug development.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":" January","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The strawberry, a member of the Rosaceae family, is one of the most significant fruit crops due to its widespread cultivation and the high appreciation it garners for its distinctive aroma, bright red colour, juicy texture and delightful sweetness. A field study was conducted during 2021-2022 to assess “the influence of different fertigation levels on the functional quality characteristics of 3different strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassaDuch.) varieties cultivated under protected conditions”. The study employed a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, encompassing 12 treatment combinations, replicated3times.The application of 100% RDF of NPK significantlyimpacted the functional quality characteristics of strawberries. The findings indicate that the highest values for total soluble solids (11.00 ºBrix), total sugars (7.70%), reducing sugars (5.40%), non-reducing sugars (2.31%), TSS: acidity ratio (14.28), juice content (45.32%), fruit pH (3.79%), antioxidants (0.19%), phenols (1.20%), fruit volume (12.89 cm3), fruit firmness (1.68 kg/cm2), specific gravity (1.04 g/cc)and shelf life (2.24 days) were observed under the fertigation level F3 (100% RDF of NPK).Additionally, minimum acidity (0.77%) and minimum physiological loss in weight (5.36 g) were also recorded at this fertigation level. The aim of this study is to enhance fruit production, increase yields and extend the shelf life of strawberries. By exploring factors such as fertigation levels and cultivars, this study provides valuable insights that promote sustainable and efficient practices. These findings hold promise for shaping the future of strawberry cultivation, facilitating increased yields and prolonged preservation.
{"title":"The influence of different fertigation levels on the functional quality characteristics of three different strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) varieties cultivated under protected conditions","authors":"Neelam Devi, Yogendra Singh, Yashpal Singh Bisht, Anchal, Yogendra Kumar Sharma, Deepak Kher, Vikash Prasad Mishra","doi":"10.14719/pst.2901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2901","url":null,"abstract":"The strawberry, a member of the Rosaceae family, is one of the most significant fruit crops due to its widespread cultivation and the high appreciation it garners for its distinctive aroma, bright red colour, juicy texture and delightful sweetness. A field study was conducted during 2021-2022 to assess “the influence of different fertigation levels on the functional quality characteristics of 3different strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassaDuch.) varieties cultivated under protected conditions”. The study employed a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, encompassing 12 treatment combinations, replicated3times.The application of 100% RDF of NPK significantlyimpacted the functional quality characteristics of strawberries. The findings indicate that the highest values for total soluble solids (11.00 ºBrix), total sugars (7.70%), reducing sugars (5.40%), non-reducing sugars (2.31%), TSS: acidity ratio (14.28), juice content (45.32%), fruit pH (3.79%), antioxidants (0.19%), phenols (1.20%), fruit volume (12.89 cm3), fruit firmness (1.68 kg/cm2), specific gravity (1.04 g/cc)and shelf life (2.24 days) were observed under the fertigation level F3 (100% RDF of NPK).Additionally, minimum acidity (0.77%) and minimum physiological loss in weight (5.36 g) were also recorded at this fertigation level. The aim of this study is to enhance fruit production, increase yields and extend the shelf life of strawberries. By exploring factors such as fertigation levels and cultivars, this study provides valuable insights that promote sustainable and efficient practices. These findings hold promise for shaping the future of strawberry cultivation, facilitating increased yields and prolonged preservation.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. K. Sahu, K. Tantwai, S. Tiwari, Swapnil Sapre, Nishi Mishra, Sobha Sondhia
In this study, we have discriminated and identified the Genus of Curcuma and related species Zingiberaceae using rbcL and trnL DNA barcode primers. Curcuma genus related to the family Zingiberaceae comprises a significant number of medicinal plants renowned for their use in ethnomedicine, playing a pivotal role in the medical, health, and pharmaceutical sectors. Traditionally, morphological methods alone have proven insufficient for accurately identifying species within this family. However, DNA barcoding technology provides a contemporary solution by utilizing plant DNA sequences for species identification, thus enabling effective conservation efforts. We used DNA barcoding techniques and for analysis used the Maximum Parsimony tree in MEGA 11 with the Kimura 2-parameter (KP model) to analyse the genetic relationships between species. Out of the 13 accessions that were studied, 12 accessions belonged to Curcuma caesia and 1 accession belonged to Curcuma aeruginosa. The genetic relationships observed were correlated with the geographical distributions of these species. It was determined that C. aeruginosa is a mutated species of C. caesia. Additionally, 1 specimen of Alpinia galanga, a plant species related to the Zingiberaceae. Barcode primer trnL primer demonstrated a 92% efficiency during the investigation. The rbcL and trnL loci are recommended as potential barcode markers for discriminating between different plant species. This study developed a comprehensive DNA barcoding database that can confidently differentiate between species by combining morphological and molecular data. This database has the potential to identify adulteration in herbal products, combat illegal trade and adulteration of plant species, and assist in germplasm conservation efforts.
在这项研究中，我们使用 rbcL 和 trnL DNA 条形码引物对莪术属和相关的姜科植物进行了鉴别和鉴定。莪术属（Zingiberaceae）相关物种包括大量药用植物，因其在民族医药中的应用而闻名，在医疗、保健和制药领域发挥着举足轻重的作用。传统上，仅靠形态学方法已被证明不足以准确鉴定该科中的物种。然而，DNA 条形码技术提供了一种现代解决方案，它利用植物 DNA 序列进行物种鉴定，从而实现有效的保护工作。我们使用了 DNA 条形码技术，并在 MEGA 11 中使用最大解析度树和木村 2 参数（KP 模型）分析物种之间的遗传关系。在研究的 13 个品种中，12 个属于莪术，1 个属于莪术。观察到的遗传关系与这些物种的地理分布相关。结果表明，C. aeruginosa 是 C. caesia 的变异种。此外，还发现了 1 个与姜科植物有关的植物物种 Alpinia galanga 标本。在调查过程中，条形码引物 trnL 引物的有效率为 92%。建议将 rbcL 和 trnL 基因座作为区分不同植物物种的潜在条形码标记。这项研究建立了一个全面的 DNA 条形码数据库，通过结合形态学和分子数据，该数据库能可靠地区分物种。该数据库具有识别草药产品掺假、打击非法贸易和植物物种掺假以及协助种质保护工作的潜力。
{"title":"In-silico approaches for discrimination of Curcuma species and their closely related family using the novel technique of DNA Barcoding","authors":"V. K. Sahu, K. Tantwai, S. Tiwari, Swapnil Sapre, Nishi Mishra, Sobha Sondhia","doi":"10.14719/pst.3317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3317","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we have discriminated and identified the Genus of Curcuma and related species Zingiberaceae using rbcL and trnL DNA barcode primers. Curcuma genus related to the family Zingiberaceae comprises a significant number of medicinal plants renowned for their use in ethnomedicine, playing a pivotal role in the medical, health, and pharmaceutical sectors. Traditionally, morphological methods alone have proven insufficient for accurately identifying species within this family. However, DNA barcoding technology provides a contemporary solution by utilizing plant DNA sequences for species identification, thus enabling effective conservation efforts. We used DNA barcoding techniques and for analysis used the Maximum Parsimony tree in MEGA 11 with the Kimura 2-parameter (KP model) to analyse the genetic relationships between species. Out of the 13 accessions that were studied, 12 accessions belonged to Curcuma caesia and 1 accession belonged to Curcuma aeruginosa. The genetic relationships observed were correlated with the geographical distributions of these species. It was determined that C. aeruginosa is a mutated species of C. caesia. Additionally, 1 specimen of Alpinia galanga, a plant species related to the Zingiberaceae. Barcode primer trnL primer demonstrated a 92% efficiency during the investigation. The rbcL and trnL loci are recommended as potential barcode markers for discriminating between different plant species. This study developed a comprehensive DNA barcoding database that can confidently differentiate between species by combining morphological and molecular data. This database has the potential to identify adulteration in herbal products, combat illegal trade and adulteration of plant species, and assist in germplasm conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. A. Sinaga, B. J. Priatmadi, G. I. Ichriani, Joko Purnomo, Sukarman, S. Primananda, F. T. Sibarani
Iron (Fe) management is crucial in cultivating oil palm, especially in sandy soils, due to its essential role in supporting photosynthesis and palm metabolism, directly influencing the quality and productivity of oil palms. This study aimed to explore the dynamics of Fe deficiency in oil palm leaves in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Using a Split Plot Design, the study compared plant conditions between the control (T0) and three levels of Fe deficiency: low (T1), moderate (T2), and severe (T3). Palm samples were selected using the purposive sampling method. Laboratory analysis of leaf samples indicated a significant decrease in Fe content in deficient palms, with levels of 41.49 µg/g in T1, 42.59 µg/g in T2, and 38.93 µg/g in T3, compared to the control group, which had 67.25 µg/g. The study also revealed that Fe deficiency affects the absorption of other macro and micronutrients. For instance, nitrogen levels increased under moderate Fe deficiency (2.57%), while potassium levels decreased (0.729%) at the same level. Despite the Fe deficiency, the plants adapted by maintaining other nutrient levels within a moderate range. Under severe Fe deficiency conditions, Cu levels reached their highest (5.868 µg/g), while Fe showed a significant decrease. This confirms that oil palm has complex nutrient adaptation and regulation mechanisms to maintain nutrient balance even under deficient conditions. These results emphasize the importance of Fe management in oil palm plantations, especially in sandy soils that are prone to nutrient deficiency.
{"title":"Iron (Fe) Nutrient Dynamics in Oil Palm Leaves","authors":"R. A. Sinaga, B. J. Priatmadi, G. I. Ichriani, Joko Purnomo, Sukarman, S. Primananda, F. T. Sibarani","doi":"10.14719/pst.3768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3768","url":null,"abstract":"Iron (Fe) management is crucial in cultivating oil palm, especially in sandy soils, due to its essential role in supporting photosynthesis and palm metabolism, directly influencing the quality and productivity of oil palms. This study aimed to explore the dynamics of Fe deficiency in oil palm leaves in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Using a Split Plot Design, the study compared plant conditions between the control (T0) and three levels of Fe deficiency: low (T1), moderate (T2), and severe (T3). Palm samples were selected using the purposive sampling method. Laboratory analysis of leaf samples indicated a significant decrease in Fe content in deficient palms, with levels of 41.49 µg/g in T1, 42.59 µg/g in T2, and 38.93 µg/g in T3, compared to the control group, which had 67.25 µg/g. The study also revealed that Fe deficiency affects the absorption of other macro and micronutrients. For instance, nitrogen levels increased under moderate Fe deficiency (2.57%), while potassium levels decreased (0.729%) at the same level. Despite the Fe deficiency, the plants adapted by maintaining other nutrient levels within a moderate range. Under severe Fe deficiency conditions, Cu levels reached their highest (5.868 µg/g), while Fe showed a significant decrease. This confirms that oil palm has complex nutrient adaptation and regulation mechanisms to maintain nutrient balance even under deficient conditions. These results emphasize the importance of Fe management in oil palm plantations, especially in sandy soils that are prone to nutrient deficiency.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. H. AbdulKafoor, Yassen Abd Al-Janabi, Imad Mahmood Ali, A. S. A. Ramadan, Ahmed T.S. Al-Neda
The problem of this study is the low productivity of the wheat crop in Iraq. To encounter this problem, modern, environmentally friendly technologies must be used, including amino acids such as arginine, which help in improving growth and yield and thus increase the productivity of this crop quantitatively and qualitatively per unit area. An experiment was conducted in a field in the Saqlawiyah-Anbar region in 2021 during the winter season, to look into how different arginine concentrations affect specific growth traits and yield of different wheat varieties. Randomized complete block design was utilized in the split plot arrangement with three replications, main plots had two concentrations of arginine (100,200 mg l-1), while subplots contained three varieties of wheat (Abu Gharib, Sham 6, and Ebaa 99). The study's findings demonstrated the superiority of the variety Ebaa 99 in most growth traits and yield, including the flag leaf area, tillers number and spike grains, the weight of 1000, and grain yield. The dosage of 200 mg L-1 produced the highest averages for the plant height traits (87.24 cm), tillers number (811.7 tillers. m-2), and grain yield (5.23 mcg. ha-1). Plant spraying treatment with arginine at a dosage of 100 mg L-1 was superior to the number of grains per spike and achieved an average (of 44.58 grains). Regarding the interactions between the study variables, spray plants of the variety Ebaa 99 with arginine at a dosage of (100 mg. l-1). This led to maximum grain yield during the study season. The results indicated that the APA 99 variety was significantly superior in terms of vegetative growth, yield, and its components. Accordingly, these characteristics together contributed to an increase in the total yield. APA 99 responded significantly to higher concentrations of arginine compared to other cultivars.
{"title":"Role of arginine in improving the traits of several wheat varieties","authors":"A. H. AbdulKafoor, Yassen Abd Al-Janabi, Imad Mahmood Ali, A. S. A. Ramadan, Ahmed T.S. Al-Neda","doi":"10.14719/pst.3680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3680","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of this study is the low productivity of the wheat crop in Iraq. To encounter this problem, modern, environmentally friendly technologies must be used, including amino acids such as arginine, which help in improving growth and yield and thus increase the productivity of this crop quantitatively and qualitatively per unit area. An experiment was conducted in a field in the Saqlawiyah-Anbar region in 2021 during the winter season, to look into how different arginine concentrations affect specific growth traits and yield of different wheat varieties. Randomized complete block design was utilized in the split plot arrangement with three replications, main plots had two concentrations of arginine (100,200 mg l-1), while subplots contained three varieties of wheat (Abu Gharib, Sham 6, and Ebaa 99). The study's findings demonstrated the superiority of the variety Ebaa 99 in most growth traits and yield, including the flag leaf area, tillers number and spike grains, the weight of 1000, and grain yield. The dosage of 200 mg L-1 produced the highest averages for the plant height traits (87.24 cm), tillers number (811.7 tillers. m-2), and grain yield (5.23 mcg. ha-1). Plant spraying treatment with arginine at a dosage of 100 mg L-1 was superior to the number of grains per spike and achieved an average (of 44.58 grains). Regarding the interactions between the study variables, spray plants of the variety Ebaa 99 with arginine at a dosage of (100 mg. l-1). This led to maximum grain yield during the study season. The results indicated that the APA 99 variety was significantly superior in terms of vegetative growth, yield, and its components. Accordingly, these characteristics together contributed to an increase in the total yield. APA 99 responded significantly to higher concentrations of arginine compared to other cultivars.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":" 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rounak Das, S. Dash, Ankita Priyadarshini, Jagadish Jena, Swagat Subhadarshi
Green gram is a short-duration crop that requires initial control of weeds for better crop establishment. The growth and productivity of green gram under integrated weed management was studied at the Agricultural farm of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, in the summer 2022. Ten treatments comprised of recommended herbicides, the stale seedbed technique, an aqueous extract of Calotropis gigantea and their combination were designed in the RBD with 3 replications. Results showed that the minimum density and biomass of weeds and maximum growth of green gram were found in twice hand weeding, which was statistically significant with the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin fb imazethapyr as post-emergence and the stale seedbed technique fb imazethapyr as post-emergence. The maximum yield (10.70 q/ha) was documented under two-hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS, which was statistically comparable with the yield levels of sequential application of pendimethalin fb imazethapyr (10.17 q/ha) and stale seedbed technique fb imazethapyr as post-emergence (9.92 q/ha). Thus, pendimethalin at 750 g/ha at 1 DAS or stale seedbed at 15 days before sowing (DBS), followed by imazethapyr at 75 g/ha at 20 DAS, appeared to be effective in reducing the diverse weed flora significantly and achieving higher growth and yield in summer green gram.
{"title":"Weed growth and productivity of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) under integrated weed management practices","authors":"Rounak Das, S. Dash, Ankita Priyadarshini, Jagadish Jena, Swagat Subhadarshi","doi":"10.14719/pst.3692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3692","url":null,"abstract":"Green gram is a short-duration crop that requires initial control of weeds for better crop establishment. The growth and productivity of green gram under integrated weed management was studied at the Agricultural farm of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, in the summer 2022. Ten treatments comprised of recommended herbicides, the stale seedbed technique, an aqueous extract of Calotropis gigantea and their combination were designed in the RBD with 3 replications. Results showed that the minimum density and biomass of weeds and maximum growth of green gram were found in twice hand weeding, which was statistically significant with the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin fb imazethapyr as post-emergence and the stale seedbed technique fb imazethapyr as post-emergence. The maximum yield (10.70 q/ha) was documented under two-hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS, which was statistically comparable with the yield levels of sequential application of pendimethalin fb imazethapyr (10.17 q/ha) and stale seedbed technique fb imazethapyr as post-emergence (9.92 q/ha). Thus, pendimethalin at 750 g/ha at 1 DAS or stale seedbed at 15 days before sowing (DBS), followed by imazethapyr at 75 g/ha at 20 DAS, appeared to be effective in reducing the diverse weed flora significantly and achieving higher growth and yield in summer green gram.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the years, chemical-based insecticides have been used to enhance crop yield in the agricultural industry. However, the hazards associated with these insecticides have highlighted the need for an alternative method that is economical, eco-friendly, and safe. In this investigation, the efficacy of various biological materials, such as Neem kavach, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo), and clay, was evaluated against fruit flies under open field conditions. The results revealed that the highest infestation was recorded in the control (71.67 %), while the lowest infestation (25.67 %) was observed in the plot treated with B. bassiana (1.5 %). This was followed by Neem kavach-treated plot (4 %) with an infestation rate of 26.67 %, and the clay-treated plot (15 g/L) with an infestation rate of 38.67 %, after the third spray. The impact of these biological agents on cucumber yield was also evaluated. The highest yield, 9.36 kg/plot, was obtained from the B. bassiana-treated plot, followed by Neem kavach-treated plots with yields of 8.94 and 7.28 kg/plot, respectively. The lowest yield of 4.58 kg/plot was recovered in the untreated plots. These findings suggest that the application of these biological agents is highly effective, as they repel egg-laying (oviposition deterrence), thereby minimizing fruit infestation and maximizing yield profit.
{"title":"Biological control of tephritid fruit flies Bactrocera spp. in Himachal Pradesh, India","authors":"P. Tomar, Priyanka Thakur, Sangram Singh, Sheikh Shreaz, Sarvesh Rustagi, Pankaj Kumar Rai, Ashok Yadav, Ajar Nath Yadav","doi":"10.14719/pst.3215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3215","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, chemical-based insecticides have been used to enhance crop yield in the agricultural industry. However, the hazards associated with these insecticides have highlighted the need for an alternative method that is economical, eco-friendly, and safe. In this investigation, the efficacy of various biological materials, such as Neem kavach, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo), and clay, was evaluated against fruit flies under open field conditions. The results revealed that the highest infestation was recorded in the control (71.67 %), while the lowest infestation (25.67 %) was observed in the plot treated with B. bassiana (1.5 %). This was followed by Neem kavach-treated plot (4 %) with an infestation rate of 26.67 %, and the clay-treated plot (15 g/L) with an infestation rate of 38.67 %, after the third spray. The impact of these biological agents on cucumber yield was also evaluated. The highest yield, 9.36 kg/plot, was obtained from the B. bassiana-treated plot, followed by Neem kavach-treated plots with yields of 8.94 and 7.28 kg/plot, respectively. The lowest yield of 4.58 kg/plot was recovered in the untreated plots. These findings suggest that the application of these biological agents is highly effective, as they repel egg-laying (oviposition deterrence), thereby minimizing fruit infestation and maximizing yield profit.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Pikulthong, Nareerat Hongjan, Santi Ariya, Manussawee Dechkla, Narumon Boonman, Chanate Wanna, Piyada Wongwiwat, Sirirat Phakpaknam
This research aimed to investigatethe age of embryos of pink and white lotus for in vitropropagation and examine the sensitivity of young lotus plants derived from tissue culture to acute gamma radiation. The seeds of both lotus varieties were 4-week, 6-week and 8-week-old embryos cultivated on solid MS medium. They were then transferred to solid MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BA. After culturing, the 6-week-old pink lotus embryos had an average maximum petiole length of 16.78 ± 1.01 cm and an average of 11.84 ± 0.44 roots/explant, while the 6-week-old white lotus embryos had an average maximum petiole length of 15.48 ± 0.68 cm and an average of 11.76 ± 0.70 roots/explant. Each young lotus plant produced one shoot. After treating the young lotus plants with liquid MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BA, both lotus varieties showed increased shoot numbers at 3.54 ± 0.13 and 3.40 ± 0.91 shoots/explant. Young lotus plants of both varieties were exposed to gamma radiation levels of 0, 20, 30 and 40 Gy. The LD50 value for pink lotus was 26.138 Gy, while the LD50 value for the white lotus was 32.031 Gy.The LD50 value will offer vital information for determining the optimal dosage of gamma radiation for both pink and white lotus in vitro.
{"title":"In vitro acute gamma radiation on tissue of pink and white lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) in Thailand","authors":"V. Pikulthong, Nareerat Hongjan, Santi Ariya, Manussawee Dechkla, Narumon Boonman, Chanate Wanna, Piyada Wongwiwat, Sirirat Phakpaknam","doi":"10.14719/pst.3005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3005","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to investigatethe age of embryos of pink and white lotus for in vitropropagation and examine the sensitivity of young lotus plants derived from tissue culture to acute gamma radiation. The seeds of both lotus varieties were 4-week, 6-week and 8-week-old embryos cultivated on solid MS medium. They were then transferred to solid MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BA. After culturing, the 6-week-old pink lotus embryos had an average maximum petiole length of 16.78 ± 1.01 cm and an average of 11.84 ± 0.44 roots/explant, while the 6-week-old white lotus embryos had an average maximum petiole length of 15.48 ± 0.68 cm and an average of 11.76 ± 0.70 roots/explant. Each young lotus plant produced one shoot. After treating the young lotus plants with liquid MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BA, both lotus varieties showed increased shoot numbers at 3.54 ± 0.13 and 3.40 ± 0.91 shoots/explant. Young lotus plants of both varieties were exposed to gamma radiation levels of 0, 20, 30 and 40 Gy. The LD50 value for pink lotus was 26.138 Gy, while the LD50 value for the white lotus was 32.031 Gy.The LD50 value will offer vital information for determining the optimal dosage of gamma radiation for both pink and white lotus in vitro.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"47 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of metal nanoparticles in agriculture and related fields, especially in plant cell tissue culture has increased interest in recent years due to its potential benefits. This study used gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) to evaluate their effect on the growth and total phenolic content (TPC) of Anoectochilus roxburghii. The results showed that Fe3O4 NPs were the most positively influenced metal nanoparticles in increasing biomass and TPC of A. roxburghii among metal nanoparticles tested. After 8 weeks of culture, the dry weight (DW) and TPC of the plants cultured on the medium containing 5 ppm Fe3O4NPs were 39.07 mg and 13.0 mg gallic acid respectively per g of dry weight (mg GAE/g DW). Meanwhile, on the medium without Fe3O4NPs, they were 30.47 mg and 6.71 mg GAE/g DW respectively. This study proposed an effective approach to improve the growth and accumulation of TPC in A. roxburghii. Moreover, it suggests the potential application of metal nanoparticles in plant tissue culture and the production of bioactive compounds.
{"title":"Influence of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles on growth and total phenolic content accumulation of Anoectochilus roxburghii cultured in vitro","authors":"H. T. Trinh, Dang Hai Hoang, Tuan Trong Tran","doi":"10.14719/pst.2943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2943","url":null,"abstract":"The application of metal nanoparticles in agriculture and related fields, especially in plant cell tissue culture has increased interest in recent years due to its potential benefits. This study used gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) to evaluate their effect on the growth and total phenolic content (TPC) of Anoectochilus roxburghii. The results showed that Fe3O4 NPs were the most positively influenced metal nanoparticles in increasing biomass and TPC of A. roxburghii among metal nanoparticles tested. After 8 weeks of culture, the dry weight (DW) and TPC of the plants cultured on the medium containing 5 ppm Fe3O4NPs were 39.07 mg and 13.0 mg gallic acid respectively per g of dry weight (mg GAE/g DW). Meanwhile, on the medium without Fe3O4NPs, they were 30.47 mg and 6.71 mg GAE/g DW respectively. This study proposed an effective approach to improve the growth and accumulation of TPC in A. roxburghii. Moreover, it suggests the potential application of metal nanoparticles in plant tissue culture and the production of bioactive compounds.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Machikowa, Nirut Khamchumpol, S. Wonprasaid, N. Hoang, Toan Le Thanh, Kumrai Buensanteai
Plant nutrient management and environmental conditions significantly affect plant growth, development and antioxidant contents. This research aims to identify the most effective plant nutrient management and environmental conditions for enhancing high-antioxidant tomato production. The Sweet Girl and Ranger tomato cultivars were evaluated for yield, fruit quality and antioxidant contents under 2 conditions: E1 (temperature ranging from 29 to 38 °C and relative humidity between 71–73 %) and E2 (temperature ranging from 32 to 36 °C and relative humidity between 75–80 %). These conditions were subjected to 6 different nutrient formulas, including Hoagland solution as control (H), H with 400 ppm potassium (H+K400), H with 300 ppm potassium (H+K300), H with 20 ppm nickel (H+Ni20), H with 10 ppm nickel (H+Ni10), H with 300 ppm potassium and 10 ppm nickel (H+K300+Ni10). The nutrient formulas did not yield significantly different results in terms of per-plant yields for the 2 cultivars. However, the H+K400 treatment showed notably higher lycopene contents, with increases of 1.2-fold for Ranger and 1.24-fold for Sweet Girl cultivars. Additionally, this treatment led to significant enhancements in total soluble solids (TSS) and ?-carotene content in the Sweet Girl cultivar, by 1.09-fold and 1.10-fold compared to the control respectively. Environment E2 provided more favorable conditions for achieving increased antioxidant tomato production, including improvements in fruit color index (red/yellow) by 1.11 to 1.18-fold, fruit firmness by 1.13 to 1.14-fold, TSS by 1.10 to 1.24-fold, lycopene by 1.98 to 2.45-fold and ?-carotene by 3.29 to 5.68-fold. Therefore, the H+K400 nutrient treatment and/or the E2 greenhouse conditions are recommended for producing high-antioxidant tomatoes, which have significant potential for fresh consumption or as materials for the nutraceutical or food industry.
{"title":"Effect of additional potassium and nickel on Hoagland solution combined with environmental condition for high antioxidants tomato production","authors":"T. Machikowa, Nirut Khamchumpol, S. Wonprasaid, N. Hoang, Toan Le Thanh, Kumrai Buensanteai","doi":"10.14719/pst.3129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3129","url":null,"abstract":"Plant nutrient management and environmental conditions significantly affect plant growth, development and antioxidant contents. This research aims to identify the most effective plant nutrient management and environmental conditions for enhancing high-antioxidant tomato production. The Sweet Girl and Ranger tomato cultivars were evaluated for yield, fruit quality and antioxidant contents under 2 conditions: E1 (temperature ranging from 29 to 38 °C and relative humidity between 71–73 %) and E2 (temperature ranging from 32 to 36 °C and relative humidity between 75–80 %). These conditions were subjected to 6 different nutrient formulas, including Hoagland solution as control (H), H with 400 ppm potassium (H+K400), H with 300 ppm potassium (H+K300), H with 20 ppm nickel (H+Ni20), H with 10 ppm nickel (H+Ni10), H with 300 ppm potassium and 10 ppm nickel (H+K300+Ni10). The nutrient formulas did not yield significantly different results in terms of per-plant yields for the 2 cultivars. However, the H+K400 treatment showed notably higher lycopene contents, with increases of 1.2-fold for Ranger and 1.24-fold for Sweet Girl cultivars. Additionally, this treatment led to significant enhancements in total soluble solids (TSS) and ?-carotene content in the Sweet Girl cultivar, by 1.09-fold and 1.10-fold compared to the control respectively. Environment E2 provided more favorable conditions for achieving increased antioxidant tomato production, including improvements in fruit color index (red/yellow) by 1.11 to 1.18-fold, fruit firmness by 1.13 to 1.14-fold, TSS by 1.10 to 1.24-fold, lycopene by 1.98 to 2.45-fold and ?-carotene by 3.29 to 5.68-fold. Therefore, the H+K400 nutrient treatment and/or the E2 greenhouse conditions are recommended for producing high-antioxidant tomatoes, which have significant potential for fresh consumption or as materials for the nutraceutical or food industry.","PeriodicalId":509766,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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