首页 > 最新文献

Castanea最新文献

英文 中文
IN MEMORIAMThomas Lawrence Mellichamp (1948–2022) 纪念劳伦斯·梅利坎普(1948–2022)
IF 0.4 4区 生物学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.87.2.312
Audrey Mellichamp
{"title":"IN MEMORIAMThomas Lawrence Mellichamp (1948–2022)","authors":"Audrey Mellichamp","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.87.2.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.87.2.312","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"87 1","pages":"312 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48122192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distinguishing Saplings of Pines of Piedmont Upland Grassland Systems 山前高地草地系统松树幼树的鉴别
IF 0.4 4区 生物学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.87.2.211
A. Krings, H. Cabell
ABSTRACT The development and assessment of Piedmont upland grassland restoration efforts is hampered in part by continued challenges in identifying immature individuals of three associated pines, Pinus echinata, P. taeda, and P. virginiana, the penultimate of which is thought alien to the system. To help fill this gap, we studied three quantitative and 25 qualitative characters in 174, 2- to 5-year-old saplings in managed stands in Durham County (North Carolina) and 169 herbarium specimens of mature individuals from 94 Piedmont counties from Georgia to Virginia. Although mean short-shoot needle and fascicle sheath lengths differed significantly between lifestage classes of the three species (F8,335=185, p<0.0001 and F8,335=173.5, p<0.0001, respectively), there was substantial range overlap, likely contributing to diagnostic confusion in the field when existing keys are applied. For example, needle length ranges of all lifestage classes of all species overlapped with those of mature P. echinata and 2-year-old P. virginiana. In addition, at the apex of the previous season's growth, 2-year-old saplings of P. echinata and P. virginiana exhibited needles either predominantly or in higher percentages of threes, than the contrasting described preponderance of pairs for mature individuals. Of the 25 qualitative characters evaluated, we found (1) absence of decurrency glaucescence distinguishes 2- to 5-year-old saplings of P. taeda from P. echinata and P. virginiana, and (2) absence of stomatal plugs distinguishes P. virginiana from the others. A diagnostic key to saplings is provided.
皮埃蒙特高地草地恢复工作的开展和评估在一定程度上受到三种伴生松——针叶松(Pinus echinata)、美国松(P. taeda)和弗吉尼亚松(P. virginia)未成熟个体鉴定方面的持续挑战的阻碍,后者被认为是该系统的外来物种。为了填补这一空白,我们研究了北卡罗莱纳州达勒姆县管理林分174株2 ~ 5年树龄树苗的3个定量特征和25个定性特征,以及乔治亚州至弗吉尼亚州皮埃蒙特县94个成熟个体的169个标本馆标本。尽管三种植物的平均短枝针和束鞘长度在生命阶段类别之间存在显著差异(分别为f8335 =185, p<0.0001和f8335 =173.5, p<0.0001),但存在大量的范围重叠,当应用现有键时,可能会导致该领域的诊断混乱。例如,所有物种的所有生命阶段类别的针尖长度范围与成熟的棘球菊和2岁的弗吉尼亚棘球菊重叠。此外,在前一季生长的顶点,2岁的紫皮和维吉尼亚树苗表现出主要的或更高的三针比例,而不是对比描述的成熟个体的成对优势。在评价的25个定性性状中,我们发现:(1)2 ~ 5年树龄的胡杨树苗与棘刺树苗和弗吉尼亚树苗之间不存在退退性白霜;(2)弗吉尼亚树苗与其他树苗之间不存在气孔栓。提供了树苗的诊断钥匙。
{"title":"Distinguishing Saplings of Pines of Piedmont Upland Grassland Systems","authors":"A. Krings, H. Cabell","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.87.2.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.87.2.211","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The development and assessment of Piedmont upland grassland restoration efforts is hampered in part by continued challenges in identifying immature individuals of three associated pines, Pinus echinata, P. taeda, and P. virginiana, the penultimate of which is thought alien to the system. To help fill this gap, we studied three quantitative and 25 qualitative characters in 174, 2- to 5-year-old saplings in managed stands in Durham County (North Carolina) and 169 herbarium specimens of mature individuals from 94 Piedmont counties from Georgia to Virginia. Although mean short-shoot needle and fascicle sheath lengths differed significantly between lifestage classes of the three species (F8,335=185, p<0.0001 and F8,335=173.5, p<0.0001, respectively), there was substantial range overlap, likely contributing to diagnostic confusion in the field when existing keys are applied. For example, needle length ranges of all lifestage classes of all species overlapped with those of mature P. echinata and 2-year-old P. virginiana. In addition, at the apex of the previous season's growth, 2-year-old saplings of P. echinata and P. virginiana exhibited needles either predominantly or in higher percentages of threes, than the contrasting described preponderance of pairs for mature individuals. Of the 25 qualitative characters evaluated, we found (1) absence of decurrency glaucescence distinguishes 2- to 5-year-old saplings of P. taeda from P. echinata and P. virginiana, and (2) absence of stomatal plugs distinguishes P. virginiana from the others. A diagnostic key to saplings is provided.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"87 1","pages":"211 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45193121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cyperus excurrens (Cyperaceae), a New Species from Karst Ponds in Southern Georgia, U.S.A. 美国南乔治亚州喀斯特池塘一新种——常熟香蒲(香蒲科)
IF 0.4 4区 生物学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.87.2.224
Phillip D. Lowe, J. R. Carter
ABSTRACT A novel flatsedge from karst ponds in southwestern Georgia, Cyperus excurrens, is described, and the results of principal component analysis are presented in support of the recognition of this new species. A technical description, dichotomous key, comparative photographs of spikelets and achenes, distribution maps, habitat data, and specimen citations are included. The status of the related taxon, Cyperus strigosus var. stenolepis, is also evaluated.
摘要描述了格鲁吉亚西南部岩溶池塘中的一种新的平莎草,莎草,并给出了主成分分析的结果,以支持对该新种的识别。包括技术描述、二分键、小穗和瘦果的对比照片、分布图、栖息地数据和标本引用。还对相关分类单元——狭叶莎草的地位进行了评估。
{"title":"Cyperus excurrens (Cyperaceae), a New Species from Karst Ponds in Southern Georgia, U.S.A.","authors":"Phillip D. Lowe, J. R. Carter","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.87.2.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.87.2.224","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A novel flatsedge from karst ponds in southwestern Georgia, Cyperus excurrens, is described, and the results of principal component analysis are presented in support of the recognition of this new species. A technical description, dichotomous key, comparative photographs of spikelets and achenes, distribution maps, habitat data, and specimen citations are included. The status of the related taxon, Cyperus strigosus var. stenolepis, is also evaluated.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"87 1","pages":"224 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47423242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
2022 Richard and Minnie Windler Award Recipients 2022年Richard和Minnie Windler奖获得者
IF 0.4 4区 生物学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.147
E. Moore, C. Siniscalchi, J. Mandel, Nicole M. Fama, Brandon T. Sinn, Craig F. Barrett
The Richard and Minnie Windler Award recognizes the authors of the best systematics and ecology papers published in Castanea during the previous year. For 2020, authors of two articles were selected as winners: Erika R. Moore, Carolina M. Siniscalchi, and Jennifer R. Mandel for their article, “Reevaluating genetic diversity and structure of Helianthus verticillatus (Asteraceae) after the discovery of new populations” (Castanea 86[2]:196–213), and Nicole M. Fama, Brandon T. Sinn, and Craig F. Barrett for their article, “Integrating genetics, morphology, and host specificity in conservation studies of a vulnerable, selfing, mycoheterotrophic orchid.” (Castanea 86[1]:1–21). The whorled sunflower (Helianthus verticillatus Small) is a federally listed endangered plant known from six disjunct populations occurring in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia. Employing microsatellite data to explore genetic structuring and diversity of these populations, Moore and her colleagues discovered that though differentiated, these populations had high allelic diversity. The most recently discovered populations in Mississippi and Virginia had experienced genetic bottlenecks. Because the whorled sunflower is self-incompatible, such bottlenecks may have led to increased reliance on asexual reproduction in these populations. Nevertheless, these populations are genetically distinct, and harbor alleles important to the diversity of the species as a whole. Given the small size and unique genetic constitution of each population, species conservation necessitates protecting as many of these populations as possible.
Richard和Minnie Windler奖表彰了前一年发表在Castanea上的最佳系统学和生态学论文的作者。2020年,两篇文章的作者被选为获奖者:Erika R.Moore、Carolina M.Siniscalchi和Jennifer R.Mandel的文章《在发现新种群后重新评估垂直向日葵(菊科)的遗传多样性和结构》(Castanea 86[2]:196–213),Nicole M.Fama、Brandon T.Sinn和Craig F.Barrett的文章,“将遗传学、形态学和寄主特异性整合到脆弱、自立、分枝异养兰的保护研究中。”(Castanea 86[1]:1-21)。轮生向日葵(Helianthus verticillatus Small)是一种联邦濒危植物,分布在阿拉巴马州、佐治亚州、密西西比州、田纳西州和弗吉尼亚州的六个不连续种群中。利用微卫星数据来探索这些种群的遗传结构和多样性,Moore和她的同事发现,尽管这些种群存在差异,但具有较高的等位基因多样性。密西西比州和弗吉尼亚州最近发现的种群经历了基因瓶颈。由于轮生向日葵是自交不亲和的,这些瓶颈可能导致这些种群越来越依赖无性繁殖。尽管如此,这些种群在基因上是不同的,并且具有对整个物种多样性重要的等位基因。鉴于每个种群的体型较小,基因结构独特,物种保护需要尽可能多地保护这些种群。
{"title":"2022 Richard and Minnie Windler Award Recipients","authors":"E. Moore, C. Siniscalchi, J. Mandel, Nicole M. Fama, Brandon T. Sinn, Craig F. Barrett","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.147","url":null,"abstract":"The Richard and Minnie Windler Award recognizes the authors of the best systematics and ecology papers published in Castanea during the previous year. For 2020, authors of two articles were selected as winners: Erika R. Moore, Carolina M. Siniscalchi, and Jennifer R. Mandel for their article, “Reevaluating genetic diversity and structure of Helianthus verticillatus (Asteraceae) after the discovery of new populations” (Castanea 86[2]:196–213), and Nicole M. Fama, Brandon T. Sinn, and Craig F. Barrett for their article, “Integrating genetics, morphology, and host specificity in conservation studies of a vulnerable, selfing, mycoheterotrophic orchid.” (Castanea 86[1]:1–21). The whorled sunflower (Helianthus verticillatus Small) is a federally listed endangered plant known from six disjunct populations occurring in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia. Employing microsatellite data to explore genetic structuring and diversity of these populations, Moore and her colleagues discovered that though differentiated, these populations had high allelic diversity. The most recently discovered populations in Mississippi and Virginia had experienced genetic bottlenecks. Because the whorled sunflower is self-incompatible, such bottlenecks may have led to increased reliance on asexual reproduction in these populations. Nevertheless, these populations are genetically distinct, and harbor alleles important to the diversity of the species as a whole. Given the small size and unique genetic constitution of each population, species conservation necessitates protecting as many of these populations as possible.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"87 1","pages":"147 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49313617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two Coastal Plain Dichanthelium (Poaceae: Paniceae) Disjunct in Tennessee Grasslands and Their Conservation 田纳西州草原上两种滨海平原分生的草属植物及其保护
IF 0.4 4区 生物学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.121
Claire M. Ciafré, L. Estes
ABSTRACT Dichanthelium wrightianum, a species of panic grass whose North American range is exclusive to the Coastal Plain, is reported from Tennessee for the first time. A single population of this species was discovered in a wet grassland remnant in the Eastern Highland Rim physiographic region alongside many other species disjunct from the Coastal Plain. Another Coastal Plain Dichanthelium, D. roanokense, was found at a second wet grassland nearby. While D. roanokense was previously reported for Tennessee, it has not been recently documented or confirmed to be extant within the state and its current status should be reviewed. The ecology and conservation of Tennessee populations of both species are discussed.
摘要:美国田纳西州首次报道了一种原产于北美海岸平原的恐慌草。该物种的单一种群是在东部高地边缘自然地理区的潮湿草原遗迹中发现的,与许多其他与沿海平原分离的物种一起。在附近的第二片潮湿草地上发现了另一种海岸平原二花草D.roanokense。虽然D.roanokense之前在田纳西州有报道,但最近没有记录或证实它在该州存在,应该对其目前的状况进行审查。讨论了这两个物种的田纳西种群的生态学和保护。
{"title":"Two Coastal Plain Dichanthelium (Poaceae: Paniceae) Disjunct in Tennessee Grasslands and Their Conservation","authors":"Claire M. Ciafré, L. Estes","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.121","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dichanthelium wrightianum, a species of panic grass whose North American range is exclusive to the Coastal Plain, is reported from Tennessee for the first time. A single population of this species was discovered in a wet grassland remnant in the Eastern Highland Rim physiographic region alongside many other species disjunct from the Coastal Plain. Another Coastal Plain Dichanthelium, D. roanokense, was found at a second wet grassland nearby. While D. roanokense was previously reported for Tennessee, it has not been recently documented or confirmed to be extant within the state and its current status should be reviewed. The ecology and conservation of Tennessee populations of both species are discussed.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"87 1","pages":"121 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42764680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clarifying Taxonomic Boundaries in Nuphar sagittifolia (Nymphaeaceae): Insights from Morphology and Population Genetic Diversity 从形态和种群遗传多样性的角度厘清矢状花的分类界限
IF 0.4 4区 生物学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.81
Katherine E. Culatta, A. Krings, Lilian P. Matallana-Ramirez, R. Whetten
ABSTRACT Nuphar sagittifolia (Nymphaeaceae), Cape Fear spatterdock, is an aquatic macrophyte endemic to the Atlantic Coastal Plain and of conservation concern in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia in the United States. The existence of populations of unclear taxonomic identity has precluded assessment of the number of populations, distribution, and conservation needs of N. sagittifolia. The circumscription of the species was re-assessed using morphological and genetic analyses. Approximately 30 individuals from each of 21 populations of Nuphar across the N. sagittifolia range were included in genetic and morphological analyses, along with the type populations for three taxa. Genetic diversity was assessed by genotyping individuals across 26 SNP loci identified for this study, and morphological variation was assessed through measurement of 31 leaf, flower, and fruit characters. STRUCTURE analysis identified three genetic groups with corresponding morphological differences in the N. sagittifolia range: N. sagittifolia, N. advena subsp. advena, and a third group in the Chowan-Roanoke River drainage that requires further study. A revised key based on Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and Bayesian analyses identifies N. sagittifolia based on a leaf sinus-to-leaf length ratio <0.22, leaves not emergent, and leaf length-to-width ratio usually greater than 2.4. Genetic analyses within the N. sagittifolia group as indicated by the revised key indicated relatively low clonality, low gene flow, and low allelic differentiation among populations. Observed heterozygosity was higher than expected heterozygosity in all populations, an observation consistent with a combination of limited clonal reproduction and sexual reproduction resulting in long-lived genets.
摘要/ ABSTRACT摘要:矢状花蕨(Nuphar sagittifolia)是大西洋沿岸平原特有的水生大型植物,在美国北卡罗来纳州、南卡罗来纳州和弗吉尼亚州受到保护。由于存在分类身份不明确的种群,对其种群数量、分布和保护需求的评估受阻。利用形态学和遗传分析重新评估了该物种的界限。对箭叶阔叶树21个居群各30个个体进行了遗传和形态分析,并对3个类群的类型居群进行了分析。通过对鉴定的26个SNP位点进行基因分型,评估个体的遗传多样性;通过测量31个叶、花和果实性状,评估形态变异。结构分析鉴定出3个具有相应形态差异的遗传群:矢状叶(N. sagittifolia)、白眉亚(N. advena subsp)。第三组在Chowan-Roanoke河流域,需要进一步研究。基于分类与回归树(CART)和贝叶斯分析的改进关键字识别矢状叶,基于叶窦与叶长比<0.22,叶不紧急,叶长宽比通常大于2.4。遗传分析表明,根据修改后的基因序列,人马花类群的克隆性、基因流和等位基因分化程度相对较低。观察到的杂合度在所有种群中都高于预期的杂合度,这一观察结果与有限克隆繁殖和有性繁殖导致基因长寿的结合一致。
{"title":"Clarifying Taxonomic Boundaries in Nuphar sagittifolia (Nymphaeaceae): Insights from Morphology and Population Genetic Diversity","authors":"Katherine E. Culatta, A. Krings, Lilian P. Matallana-Ramirez, R. Whetten","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.81","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nuphar sagittifolia (Nymphaeaceae), Cape Fear spatterdock, is an aquatic macrophyte endemic to the Atlantic Coastal Plain and of conservation concern in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia in the United States. The existence of populations of unclear taxonomic identity has precluded assessment of the number of populations, distribution, and conservation needs of N. sagittifolia. The circumscription of the species was re-assessed using morphological and genetic analyses. Approximately 30 individuals from each of 21 populations of Nuphar across the N. sagittifolia range were included in genetic and morphological analyses, along with the type populations for three taxa. Genetic diversity was assessed by genotyping individuals across 26 SNP loci identified for this study, and morphological variation was assessed through measurement of 31 leaf, flower, and fruit characters. STRUCTURE analysis identified three genetic groups with corresponding morphological differences in the N. sagittifolia range: N. sagittifolia, N. advena subsp. advena, and a third group in the Chowan-Roanoke River drainage that requires further study. A revised key based on Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and Bayesian analyses identifies N. sagittifolia based on a leaf sinus-to-leaf length ratio <0.22, leaves not emergent, and leaf length-to-width ratio usually greater than 2.4. Genetic analyses within the N. sagittifolia group as indicated by the revised key indicated relatively low clonality, low gene flow, and low allelic differentiation among populations. Observed heterozygosity was higher than expected heterozygosity in all populations, an observation consistent with a combination of limited clonal reproduction and sexual reproduction resulting in long-lived genets.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"87 1","pages":"81 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44287788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dendrochronological Reconstruction of the Historical Invasion of Balsam Woolly Adelgid, Adelges piceae, Feeding on Canaan Fir, Abies balsamea subsp. phanerolepis in the Central Appalachian Mountains 以迦南冷杉(Canaan Fir)、冷杉(Abies balsamea subsp)为食的香脂(Balsam Woolly Adelgid, Adelges piceae)历史入侵的树年代学重建。阿巴拉契亚山脉中部的phanerolepis
IF 0.4 4区 生物学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.1
A. Hessl, Andrew M. Liebhold, M. L. Leef
ABSTRACT During biological invasions, the initial arrival and establishment of invading populations often go unnoticed for many years yet information on early invasion dynamics is key to understanding and managing invasions. We used the presence of ring discoloration, “rotholz”, in tree cores to date historical Adelges piceae outbreaks and reconstruct its invasion history in 14 Abies balsamea subsp. phanerolepis stands in West Virginia. In 2018, we collected and cross-dated tree ring samples from 676 cores. We measured ring width increments and recorded the presence of rotholz in each annually dated ring. Rotholz was present in tree cores sampled from each of the 14 study sites, with the first rotholz occurrence in 1952 and widespread evidence of rotholz as early as the 1980s. Time series of rotholz frequencies indicate two synchronized waves of elevated rotholz frequencies that were observed at most sites from 1998 to 2003 and again from 2006 to 2013, coincident with observed outbreaks. Unlike patterns of growth suppression found among trees affected by defoliating insects, we observed a significant and positive relationship between rotholz frequency and standardized growth increment. This relationship is consistent with earlier observations of abnormal growth among trees infested by A. piceae. Our samples of rotholz frequencies suggests that rotholz may be a better indicator of past outbreaks of A. piceae than growth. The presence of A. piceae and its role in hastening decline of these rare relic tree populations would lend support to increased attention for the search for A. piceae biological control agents to limit damage by this insect.
摘要在生物入侵过程中,入侵种群的最初到达和建立往往会被忽视多年,但有关早期入侵动态的信息是理解和管理入侵的关键。我们利用树芯中环状变色“rotholz”的存在来确定阿氏树胶科的历史爆发日期,并重建其在14个冷杉香脂亚种中的入侵历史。phaneropis矗立在西弗吉尼亚州。2018年,我们从676个岩芯中采集了树木年轮样本,并对其进行了年代测定。我们测量了环的宽度增量,并记录了每个每年测年的环中rotholz的存在。Rotholz存在于从14个研究地点中的每一个取样的树芯中,1952年首次出现Rotholz,早在20世纪80年代就有广泛的证据表明Rotholz。罗茨频率的时间序列表明,1998年至2003年和2006年至2013年在大多数地点观察到的罗茨频率升高的两个同步波,与观察到的疫情一致。与在受落叶昆虫影响的树木中发现的生长抑制模式不同,我们观察到rotholz频率与标准化生长增量之间存在显著的正相关关系。这种关系与早期观察到的云杉科树木生长异常一致。我们的rotholz频率样本表明,rotholz可能比生长更能反映过去云杉科暴发的情况。云杉科A.piceae的存在及其在加速这些稀有遗迹树种群减少中的作用,将有助于人们更加关注寻找云杉科A.piceae生物控制剂,以限制这种昆虫的破坏。
{"title":"Dendrochronological Reconstruction of the Historical Invasion of Balsam Woolly Adelgid, Adelges piceae, Feeding on Canaan Fir, Abies balsamea subsp. phanerolepis in the Central Appalachian Mountains","authors":"A. Hessl, Andrew M. Liebhold, M. L. Leef","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During biological invasions, the initial arrival and establishment of invading populations often go unnoticed for many years yet information on early invasion dynamics is key to understanding and managing invasions. We used the presence of ring discoloration, “rotholz”, in tree cores to date historical Adelges piceae outbreaks and reconstruct its invasion history in 14 Abies balsamea subsp. phanerolepis stands in West Virginia. In 2018, we collected and cross-dated tree ring samples from 676 cores. We measured ring width increments and recorded the presence of rotholz in each annually dated ring. Rotholz was present in tree cores sampled from each of the 14 study sites, with the first rotholz occurrence in 1952 and widespread evidence of rotholz as early as the 1980s. Time series of rotholz frequencies indicate two synchronized waves of elevated rotholz frequencies that were observed at most sites from 1998 to 2003 and again from 2006 to 2013, coincident with observed outbreaks. Unlike patterns of growth suppression found among trees affected by defoliating insects, we observed a significant and positive relationship between rotholz frequency and standardized growth increment. This relationship is consistent with earlier observations of abnormal growth among trees infested by A. piceae. Our samples of rotholz frequencies suggests that rotholz may be a better indicator of past outbreaks of A. piceae than growth. The presence of A. piceae and its role in hastening decline of these rare relic tree populations would lend support to increased attention for the search for A. piceae biological control agents to limit damage by this insect.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"87 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42428522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effects of Varying Nutrient Availability on Females and Hermaphrodites of the Gynodioecious Geranium maculatum 不同养分有效性对黄老鹳雌、雌生殖能力的影响
IF 0.4 4区 生物学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.39
Katharine Putney, Mavis Wolf, Chase M. Mason, Shu-Mei Chang
ABSTRACT Sexual dimorphism in plant growth and/or reproductive responses to the surrounding environment has been documented in some plant species. In gynodioecious plants, it is especially important to understand whether females and hermaphrodites differ in their response to environmental stressors, as the fitness of females relative to hermaphrodites determines the extent to which these separate sexes are maintained in natural populations. Soil nutrient availability is of particular importance given the different nutrient requirements of male and female sexual functions in plants. Here, we evaluated and compared the growth of females and hermaphrodites of Geranium maculatum in response to varying levels of nutrients. Using a greenhouse experiment, we manipulated the overall nutrient, nitrogen, and phosphorus levels in the soil and measured growth, allocation, and leaf quality responses in both females and hermaphrodites. We found that the sexes responded similarly in their growth and allocation responses to nutrient availability, despite evidence that female leaf chlorophyll content may have increased more than that of hermaphrodites across soil nitrogen levels. Our findings demonstrate that while hermaphrodites may differ from females in terms of their physiological response to varying nutrient levels, these slight physiological differences do not translate into meaningful growth differences.
在一些植物物种中,植物生长和/或生殖对周围环境的反应存在两性二态现象。在雌蕊异株植物中,了解雌性和雌雄同体对环境压力的反应是否不同是特别重要的,因为雌性相对于雌雄同体的适应性决定了这些不同性别在自然种群中维持的程度。考虑到植物雄性和雌性性功能对养分的不同需求,土壤养分有效性尤为重要。在这里,我们评估和比较了雌性和雌雄同体黄斑天竺葵对不同营养水平的反应。通过温室试验,我们控制了土壤中养分、氮和磷的总体水平,并测量了雌性和雌雄同体的生长、分配和叶片质量的响应。我们发现,尽管有证据表明,在不同土壤氮水平下,雌性叶片叶绿素含量可能比雌雄同体叶片叶绿素含量增加得更多,但两性对养分有效性的生长和分配反应是相似的。我们的研究结果表明,虽然雌雄同体在对不同营养水平的生理反应方面可能与雌性不同,但这些轻微的生理差异并不转化为有意义的生长差异。
{"title":"The Effects of Varying Nutrient Availability on Females and Hermaphrodites of the Gynodioecious Geranium maculatum","authors":"Katharine Putney, Mavis Wolf, Chase M. Mason, Shu-Mei Chang","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.39","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sexual dimorphism in plant growth and/or reproductive responses to the surrounding environment has been documented in some plant species. In gynodioecious plants, it is especially important to understand whether females and hermaphrodites differ in their response to environmental stressors, as the fitness of females relative to hermaphrodites determines the extent to which these separate sexes are maintained in natural populations. Soil nutrient availability is of particular importance given the different nutrient requirements of male and female sexual functions in plants. Here, we evaluated and compared the growth of females and hermaphrodites of Geranium maculatum in response to varying levels of nutrients. Using a greenhouse experiment, we manipulated the overall nutrient, nitrogen, and phosphorus levels in the soil and measured growth, allocation, and leaf quality responses in both females and hermaphrodites. We found that the sexes responded similarly in their growth and allocation responses to nutrient availability, despite evidence that female leaf chlorophyll content may have increased more than that of hermaphrodites across soil nitrogen levels. Our findings demonstrate that while hermaphrodites may differ from females in terms of their physiological response to varying nutrient levels, these slight physiological differences do not translate into meaningful growth differences.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"87 1","pages":"39 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46713255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
2022 Elizabeth Ann Bartholomew Award Ronald W. Lance 2022年伊丽莎白·安·巴塞洛缪奖罗纳德·兰斯
IF 0.4 4区 生物学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.149
Kate Mathews, Chris Randle, Zack Murell, Conley K Mcmullen, W. Zomlefer
{"title":"2022 Elizabeth Ann Bartholomew Award Ronald W. Lance","authors":"Kate Mathews, Chris Randle, Zack Murell, Conley K Mcmullen, W. Zomlefer","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"87 1","pages":"149 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45209581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Determinants of Population Genetic Structure in Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene (Fabaceae) in the Southeastern United States 卷叶蕨群体遗传结构的决定因素美国东南部的一种豆科植物
IF 0.4 4区 生物学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.129
Mahboubeh Hosseinalizadeh Nobarinezhad, L. Wallace
ABSTRACT Chamaecrista fasciculata is a widely distributed, phenotypically variable species in the eastern U.S. Whereas studies have demonstrated genetic structure and local adaptation in northern areas of its distribution, there has been no comparison of genetic variability among populations at the southern extent where phenotypic variation is more complex. We characterized genetic variation at 14 microsatellite loci for populations in Mississippi and Alabama and compared this to variation in a phenotypic trait, leaf pubescence. Geographic distance, climatic variables, and elevation were evaluated as factors to explain the observed patterns of genetic diversity. A significant amount of variation (19%) resided among populations, but most variation (68%) was among individuals. Assignment of individuals into genetic groups suggests two primary clusters, but these groups are not concordant with known geographical or ecological breaks, nor phenotypic variants. Genetic structure at a regional scale can be characterized as isolation by distance, while environmental factors may play a secondary role in limiting gene flow at local scales. Mean population FST is strongly associated with allelic diversity and heterozygosity, suggesting that genetic drift influences population variation. Despite the presence of genetic and phenotypic variation in southern populations of C. fasciculata, the lack of concordant patterns between these types of variation indicate that they are not driven by the same factors. This study demonstrates how local factors differentially influence the maintenance of intraspecific variation and suggest the southern distributional range is an active area of evolution for C. fasciculata.
束状Chamaecrista fasciculata是美国东部广泛分布的一种表型变异物种,尽管研究表明其在北部地区的分布具有遗传结构和局部适应性,但尚未对表型变异更为复杂的南部地区种群间的遗传变异性进行比较。我们在密西西比州和阿拉巴马州的种群中鉴定了14个微卫星位点的遗传变异,并将其与表型性状叶片短柔毛的变异进行了比较。地理距离、气候变量和海拔是解释观察到的遗传多样性模式的因素。大量变异(19%)存在于群体中,但大多数变异(68%)存在于个体中。将个体分配到遗传群体中表明有两个主要的群体,但这些群体与已知的地理或生态断裂不一致,也不符合表型变异。在区域尺度上,遗传结构可以表现为距离隔离,而在局部尺度上,环境因素可能在限制基因流动方面起次要作用。平均种群FST与等位基因多样性和杂合度密切相关,表明遗传漂变影响种群变异。尽管存在遗传和表型变异,但这些变异类型之间缺乏一致性模式表明它们不是由相同的因素驱动的。本研究揭示了局部因素对种内变异维持的差异性影响,并提示南方分布范围是束状木进化的活跃区域。
{"title":"Determinants of Population Genetic Structure in Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene (Fabaceae) in the Southeastern United States","authors":"Mahboubeh Hosseinalizadeh Nobarinezhad, L. Wallace","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.87.1.129","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chamaecrista fasciculata is a widely distributed, phenotypically variable species in the eastern U.S. Whereas studies have demonstrated genetic structure and local adaptation in northern areas of its distribution, there has been no comparison of genetic variability among populations at the southern extent where phenotypic variation is more complex. We characterized genetic variation at 14 microsatellite loci for populations in Mississippi and Alabama and compared this to variation in a phenotypic trait, leaf pubescence. Geographic distance, climatic variables, and elevation were evaluated as factors to explain the observed patterns of genetic diversity. A significant amount of variation (19%) resided among populations, but most variation (68%) was among individuals. Assignment of individuals into genetic groups suggests two primary clusters, but these groups are not concordant with known geographical or ecological breaks, nor phenotypic variants. Genetic structure at a regional scale can be characterized as isolation by distance, while environmental factors may play a secondary role in limiting gene flow at local scales. Mean population FST is strongly associated with allelic diversity and heterozygosity, suggesting that genetic drift influences population variation. Despite the presence of genetic and phenotypic variation in southern populations of C. fasciculata, the lack of concordant patterns between these types of variation indicate that they are not driven by the same factors. This study demonstrates how local factors differentially influence the maintenance of intraspecific variation and suggest the southern distributional range is an active area of evolution for C. fasciculata.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"87 1","pages":"129 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44289265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
期刊
Castanea
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1