Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.211
Alexander Krings, Shawn Banks, Thomas Glasgow
{"title":"Noteworthy Collections: Chevreulia acuminata (Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) New to North Carolina","authors":"Alexander Krings, Shawn Banks, Thomas Glasgow","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.216
Robert W. Howell, David R. Carter, W. M. Aust
{"title":"Compositional Outcomes of 24-year-old Silvicultural Trials in Appalachian Forests of Virginia","authors":"Robert W. Howell, David R. Carter, W. M. Aust","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.184
Jack Zinnen, Jeffrey W. Matthews, David N. Zaya
{"title":"Noteworthy Collections: First Record of a Natural Hybrid Between Phlox divaricata ssp. laphamii (Alph. Wood) Wherry and Phlox pilosa ssp. sangamonensis (Levin & D.M. Sm.)","authors":"Jack Zinnen, Jeffrey W. Matthews, David N. Zaya","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.241
Brenda Herring
{"title":"Status Survey of the Federally Endangered Perforate Reindeer Lichen (Cladonia perforata) Throughout Its Known Range in Florida","authors":"Brenda Herring","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139808854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.176
Amber M. Mickle, James E. Mickle, Lindsay R. Abrams
{"title":"Scientific Note: Revisions in a Collection of Plant Fossils from the Middle Pennsylvanian Age Mazon Creek Locality (Illinois) at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences","authors":"Amber M. Mickle, James E. Mickle, Lindsay R. Abrams","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.176","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139809849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.241
Brenda Herring
{"title":"Status Survey of the Federally Endangered Perforate Reindeer Lichen (Cladonia perforata) Throughout Its Known Range in Florida","authors":"Brenda Herring","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139868624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.176
Amber M. Mickle, James E. Mickle, Lindsay R. Abrams
{"title":"Scientific Note: Revisions in a Collection of Plant Fossils from the Middle Pennsylvanian Age Mazon Creek Locality (Illinois) at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences","authors":"Amber M. Mickle, James E. Mickle, Lindsay R. Abrams","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.88.2.176","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.88.1.91
Ashley B. Morris, C. Visger, Simon C Watkins, Cathy Pollack
ABSTRACT Taxa with geographically disjunct distributions and that are endemic or narrowly endemic face the real and immediate threat of local extinction because of inbreeding depression, genetic drift, and environmental stochasticity. These threats are amplified by the predicted changes in climate anticipated within the next 50 years, pointing to the increasing need for population genetic data and translocation experiments to track long-term evolutionary potential in rare plant species. In this study, we assessed population genetic structure within and among natural, augmented, and introduced populations of leafy prairie-clover (Dalea foliosa; Fabaceae) in a geographically disjunct region of the species range (i.e., Illinois) and predicted future potential changes in climate within the study region. Using six novel nuclear microsatellite loci to survey nine populations from Illinois and two from Tennessee, we found extremely limited genetic diversity and no structure among populations within Illinois, with greater genetic diversity within and between populations in Tennessee. Using future climate visualizations, we predict the Illinois portion of the species range will be warmer and wetter within the next 50 years, potentially increasing competition for D. foliosa habitat through woody encroachment. When considered together, these concerns point to the need to prioritize actions that will improve our understanding of the implications of translocations across geographically disjunct regions within the species range.
{"title":"Extremely Low Levels of Genetic Variation and Predicted Shifts in Suitable Niche Space for a Geographically Disjunct, Federally Endangered Legume, Leafy Prairie-Clover (Dalea foliosa)","authors":"Ashley B. Morris, C. Visger, Simon C Watkins, Cathy Pollack","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.88.1.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.88.1.91","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Taxa with geographically disjunct distributions and that are endemic or narrowly endemic face the real and immediate threat of local extinction because of inbreeding depression, genetic drift, and environmental stochasticity. These threats are amplified by the predicted changes in climate anticipated within the next 50 years, pointing to the increasing need for population genetic data and translocation experiments to track long-term evolutionary potential in rare plant species. In this study, we assessed population genetic structure within and among natural, augmented, and introduced populations of leafy prairie-clover (Dalea foliosa; Fabaceae) in a geographically disjunct region of the species range (i.e., Illinois) and predicted future potential changes in climate within the study region. Using six novel nuclear microsatellite loci to survey nine populations from Illinois and two from Tennessee, we found extremely limited genetic diversity and no structure among populations within Illinois, with greater genetic diversity within and between populations in Tennessee. Using future climate visualizations, we predict the Illinois portion of the species range will be warmer and wetter within the next 50 years, potentially increasing competition for D. foliosa habitat through woody encroachment. When considered together, these concerns point to the need to prioritize actions that will improve our understanding of the implications of translocations across geographically disjunct regions within the species range.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43277406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.88.1.79
J. Brandon, J. T. Diggs, E. Lampert
ABSTRACT Fragmented landscapes are a mosaic of ecosystems containing diverse communities of plants and herbivorous arthropods. Plant responses to fire in fire-prone ecosystems are well documented, but less is known about how plant-herbivorous arthropod interactions respond to fires. This study compared the responses of plant communities and their interactions with herbivorous arthropods to fire in a highly fragmented fire-prone glade system. Due to the mosaic landscape of the study site, three habitat types were chosen to delineate communities based on plant species composition, geology, and proximity to each other: small enclosed glade, large open glade, mixed hardwood forest, and pine savanna. From 2016–2019, we observed the interspecific interactions between plant and arthropod communities in the Ketona dolomitic glades of Bibb County in central Alabama. We identified plants to genus or species and recorded evidence of herbivory by seven herbivore guilds of arthropods. We used non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling and Analysis of Similarity to determine patterns of change between the habitats and across years for both plant species and interactions with herbivorous arthropods. Plant communities return to pre-burn species diversity within two years. Plant community composition was grouped strongly by habitat type and year, while interactions with herbivorous arthropods were homogenous across habitats but grouped strongly by year. Tracking herbivorous arthropod guilds using plant association evidence is useful for rapidly and temporally determining overall responses in herbivorous arthropod guild composition. However, it is too coarse to determine changes and responses in herbivorous arthropod guild composition at finer spatial scales.
{"title":"Plant and Arthropod Community Responses to Fire in a Glade-Forest Landscape Matrix","authors":"J. Brandon, J. T. Diggs, E. Lampert","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.88.1.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.88.1.79","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fragmented landscapes are a mosaic of ecosystems containing diverse communities of plants and herbivorous arthropods. Plant responses to fire in fire-prone ecosystems are well documented, but less is known about how plant-herbivorous arthropod interactions respond to fires. This study compared the responses of plant communities and their interactions with herbivorous arthropods to fire in a highly fragmented fire-prone glade system. Due to the mosaic landscape of the study site, three habitat types were chosen to delineate communities based on plant species composition, geology, and proximity to each other: small enclosed glade, large open glade, mixed hardwood forest, and pine savanna. From 2016–2019, we observed the interspecific interactions between plant and arthropod communities in the Ketona dolomitic glades of Bibb County in central Alabama. We identified plants to genus or species and recorded evidence of herbivory by seven herbivore guilds of arthropods. We used non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling and Analysis of Similarity to determine patterns of change between the habitats and across years for both plant species and interactions with herbivorous arthropods. Plant communities return to pre-burn species diversity within two years. Plant community composition was grouped strongly by habitat type and year, while interactions with herbivorous arthropods were homogenous across habitats but grouped strongly by year. Tracking herbivorous arthropod guilds using plant association evidence is useful for rapidly and temporally determining overall responses in herbivorous arthropod guild composition. However, it is too coarse to determine changes and responses in herbivorous arthropod guild composition at finer spatial scales.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41561810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.88.1.49
Michaella Ivey, L. Leege
ABSTRACT Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) invasion has been found to reduce native species richness and abundance of both herbaceous and woody plants and is a serious threat to wetlands in the southeastern United States. To determine the relationship between privet removal and understory vegetation, we performed surveys on a forested wetland from which L. sinense had been partially removed over a two-year period. Plant community composition, vegetation cover and species richness as well as soil moisture and PAR were recorded in removal and control (Privet-Present) plots in herb, shrub and tree layers. As expected, herb-layer removal plots were wetter and less shady, with more than four times higher cover of native and non-native species. Total species richness and native species richness were both higher in herb-layer removal plots, though non-native species richness did not differ. Shrub-layer removal plots were much less dense, with 1/100 the basal area of shrubs than control plots. Tree-layer plots did not differ in any measure, suggesting that control and removal plot types were historically similar and continued to support comparable overstory vegetation. The composition of woody seedlings in the herb layer did not reflect the mature overstory in either plot type, although several of the most abundant woody seedlings were those of dominant wetland species. We conclude that immediately following L. sinense removal, native species outperform non-natives, both in cover and species richness in the herb layer. The poor recruitment of woody seedlings and saplings as well as the rapid invasion of invasive Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) may thwart restoration efforts, however. To ensure the wetland reaches its pre-invasion community structure, it may be necessary to plant native tree saplings and nurture them through the shrub layer to maturity.
{"title":"Life After Privet: Plant Community Dynamics in a Forested Wetland Following Removal of the Invasive Ligustrum sinense Lour","authors":"Michaella Ivey, L. Leege","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.88.1.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.88.1.49","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) invasion has been found to reduce native species richness and abundance of both herbaceous and woody plants and is a serious threat to wetlands in the southeastern United States. To determine the relationship between privet removal and understory vegetation, we performed surveys on a forested wetland from which L. sinense had been partially removed over a two-year period. Plant community composition, vegetation cover and species richness as well as soil moisture and PAR were recorded in removal and control (Privet-Present) plots in herb, shrub and tree layers. As expected, herb-layer removal plots were wetter and less shady, with more than four times higher cover of native and non-native species. Total species richness and native species richness were both higher in herb-layer removal plots, though non-native species richness did not differ. Shrub-layer removal plots were much less dense, with 1/100 the basal area of shrubs than control plots. Tree-layer plots did not differ in any measure, suggesting that control and removal plot types were historically similar and continued to support comparable overstory vegetation. The composition of woody seedlings in the herb layer did not reflect the mature overstory in either plot type, although several of the most abundant woody seedlings were those of dominant wetland species. We conclude that immediately following L. sinense removal, native species outperform non-natives, both in cover and species richness in the herb layer. The poor recruitment of woody seedlings and saplings as well as the rapid invasion of invasive Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) may thwart restoration efforts, however. To ensure the wetland reaches its pre-invasion community structure, it may be necessary to plant native tree saplings and nurture them through the shrub layer to maturity.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44941593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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