Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a16
T. Szczygielski, T. Sulej
Despite nearly two centuries of intensive research of dicynodont diversity and distribution, the progress of the last two decades makes the early 21st century a dicynodont renaissance. Here we introduce Woznikella triradiata n. gen., n. sp., a Late Triassic European kannemeyeriiform with stahleckeriid affinities that may represent an early diverging lineage of that family, preceding its split into Placeriinae King, 1988 and Stahleckeriinae Lehman, 1961. Woznikella triradiata n. gen., n. sp. is distinguished from other dicynodonts by its autapomorphic, slender scapula with distinctly expanded dorsal and ventral parts, acromion directed anterodorsally, and inconspicuous scapular spine. Furthermore, we review reported global occurrences of Triassic dicynodonts, including fragmentary, indeterminate finds that may capture cryptic diversity, and analyze the biogeography of the Permian and Triassic Dicynodontia. According to our results, the region of southeastern Africa (Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia) throughout the Permian and Triassic served as a hotspot of dicynodont diversity and origin point for lineages migrating north and west. Multiple taxa independently migrated to the Americas and Eurasia, indicating open passages between the regions of Southern and Northern Hemisphere. Southern migrations from the Northern Hemisphere appear to be very rare, however.
尽管对双齿兽的多样性和分布进行了近两个世纪的深入研究，但最近二十年的进展使21世纪初成为双齿兽的复兴。在此，我们介绍了Woznikella triradiata n. gen.， n. sp.，这是一种晚三叠世的欧洲kannemeyeriform，具有stahleckeriids的亲缘关系，可能代表了该家族的早期分化谱系，在此之前，该家族分裂为1988年的Placeriinae King和1961年的Stahleckeriinae Lehman。Woznikella triradiata n. gen.， n. sp.与其他双齿动物的区别在于其自形，细长的肩胛骨具有明显扩展的背侧和腹侧部分，肩峰指向前，肩胛骨不明显。此外，我们回顾了三叠纪Dicynodontia的全球发现，包括零碎的、不确定的发现，可能捕获了隐多样性，并分析了二叠纪和三叠纪Dicynodontia的生物地理学。根据我们的研究结果，整个二叠纪和三叠纪的非洲东南部地区(马拉维、莫桑比克、纳米比亚、南非、坦桑尼亚、赞比亚)是双齿兽多样性的热点地区，也是向北和向西迁移的谱系的起源点。多个分类群独立迁移到美洲和欧亚大陆，表明南半球和北半球地区之间有开放通道。然而，从北半球向南迁徙似乎非常罕见。
{"title":"Woznikella triradiata n. gen., n. sp. – a new kannemeyeriiform dicynodont from the Late Triassic of northern Pangea and the global distribution of Triassic dicynodonts","authors":"T. Szczygielski, T. Sulej","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a16","url":null,"abstract":"Despite nearly two centuries of intensive research of dicynodont diversity and distribution, the progress of the last two decades makes the early 21st century a dicynodont renaissance. Here we introduce Woznikella triradiata n. gen., n. sp., a Late Triassic European kannemeyeriiform with stahleckeriid affinities that may represent an early diverging lineage of that family, preceding its split into Placeriinae King, 1988 and Stahleckeriinae Lehman, 1961. Woznikella triradiata n. gen., n. sp. is distinguished from other dicynodonts by its autapomorphic, slender scapula with distinctly expanded dorsal and ventral parts, acromion directed anterodorsally, and inconspicuous scapular spine. Furthermore, we review reported global occurrences of Triassic dicynodonts, including fragmentary, indeterminate finds that may capture cryptic diversity, and analyze the biogeography of the Permian and Triassic Dicynodontia. According to our results, the region of southeastern Africa (Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia) throughout the Permian and Triassic served as a hotspot of dicynodont diversity and origin point for lineages migrating north and west. Multiple taxa independently migrated to the Americas and Eurasia, indicating open passages between the regions of Southern and Northern Hemisphere. Southern migrations from the Northern Hemisphere appear to be very rare, however.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86145426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a15
Nicolas Lateur, M. Moncel, Ludovic Mocochain, P. Fernandes
Dans la partie terminale des gorges de l’Ardèche, la grotte de Saint-Marcel constitue un très grand réseau karstique, mais aussi un site moustérien de première importance à proximité de la vallée du Rhône. De nombreuses occupations datées entre le dernier interglaciaire (MIS 5e) et la fin du MIS 3/début MIS 2 sont bien documentées sous le porche de l’entrée naturelle. Récemment, deux découvertes d’industries lithiques moustériennes dans la galerie d’entrée, à 150 et 500 m du porche, ont été mises au jour. Elles témoignent d’incursions profondes des Néanderthaliens dans le karst, dans des très grands volumes, loin de la zone éclairée par la lumière du jour. L’association de ces industries lithiques avec des assemblages fauniques pléistocènes relevant principalement de tanières d’ours des cavernes suggérerait une exploitation des Ursidés par Néanderthal. Ces découvertes constituent des documents inédits pour appréhender l’appropriation par ces hominidés du milieu souterrain et leurs capacités à y évoluer dans le cadre de leur économie de subsistance ou de pratiques symboliques. Elles marquent également un nouveau jalon pour contribuer à la connaissance de l’exploitation des territoires et des ressources animales qu’elles abritent, en particulier les taxons troglophyles souvent représentés de manière anecdotiques dans les spectres des espèces exploitées à des fins alimentaires ou techniques.
{"title":"Fréquentations des réseaux karstiques profonds par Néanderthal. Nouveaux exemples à la grotte de Saint-Marcel (Ardèche, France)","authors":"Nicolas Lateur, M. Moncel, Ludovic Mocochain, P. Fernandes","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a15","url":null,"abstract":"Dans la partie terminale des gorges de l’Ardèche, la grotte de Saint-Marcel constitue un très grand réseau karstique, mais aussi un site moustérien de première importance à proximité de la vallée du Rhône. De nombreuses occupations datées entre le dernier interglaciaire (MIS 5e) et la fin du MIS 3/début MIS 2 sont bien documentées sous le porche de l’entrée naturelle. Récemment, deux découvertes d’industries lithiques moustériennes dans la galerie d’entrée, à 150 et 500 m du porche, ont été mises au jour. Elles témoignent d’incursions profondes des Néanderthaliens dans le karst, dans des très grands volumes, loin de la zone éclairée par la lumière du jour. L’association de ces industries lithiques avec des assemblages fauniques pléistocènes relevant principalement de tanières d’ours des cavernes suggérerait une exploitation des Ursidés par Néanderthal. Ces découvertes constituent des documents inédits pour appréhender l’appropriation par ces hominidés du milieu souterrain et leurs capacités à y évoluer dans le cadre de leur économie de subsistance ou de pratiques symboliques. Elles marquent également un nouveau jalon pour contribuer à la connaissance de l’exploitation des territoires et des ressources animales qu’elles abritent, en particulier les taxons troglophyles souvent représentés de manière anecdotiques dans les spectres des espèces exploitées à des fins alimentaires ou techniques.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75772143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a14
Danae Thivaiou, M. Harzhauser, E. Koskeridou
We analyse the distribution of the potamidid genus Terebralia Swainson, 1840 in the European fossil record (middle Eocene to Miocene). Extant Terebralia contains species restricted to mangroves and mudflats, rendering it a reliable element for detecting these coastal environments in the fossil record. Our contribution summarizes the European fossil record of this taxon and highlights the presence of this genus within coastal environments in the European realm. Distribution in the Cenozoic is interpreted based on ecological preferences, dispersal modes and climatic restrictions of recent species. Maximum geographical distribution is reached during the Early and Middle Miocene with two species being present from the southernmost parts of Europe and Anatolia to the North Sea Basin and the Paratethys. During the Late Miocene, the distribution of Terebralia lignitarum (Eichwald, 1830) is patchy and limited to the South of Europe. The Messinian Salinity Crisis coupled with a changing climate caused the disappearance of Terebralia in the Mediterranean first, and then marked the end of mangrove environments in this province.
{"title":"Cenozoic diversity and distribution of the mangrove-and mudflat-associated gastropod genus Terebralia Swainson, 1840 (Potamididae: Caenogastropoda) in Europe","authors":"Danae Thivaiou, M. Harzhauser, E. Koskeridou","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a14","url":null,"abstract":"We analyse the distribution of the potamidid genus Terebralia Swainson, 1840 in the European fossil record (middle Eocene to Miocene). Extant Terebralia contains species restricted to mangroves and mudflats, rendering it a reliable element for detecting these coastal environments in the fossil record. Our contribution summarizes the European fossil record of this taxon and highlights the presence of this genus within coastal environments in the European realm. Distribution in the Cenozoic is interpreted based on ecological preferences, dispersal modes and climatic restrictions of recent species. Maximum geographical distribution is reached during the Early and Middle Miocene with two species being present from the southernmost parts of Europe and Anatolia to the North Sea Basin and the Paratethys. During the Late Miocene, the distribution of Terebralia lignitarum (Eichwald, 1830) is patchy and limited to the South of Europe. The Messinian Salinity Crisis coupled with a changing climate caused the disappearance of Terebralia in the Mediterranean first, and then marked the end of mangrove environments in this province.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88774856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a13
C. A. Hospitaleche, S. Soto-Acuña
A new cranium of penguin from the Late Miocene of the Bahía Inglesa Formation (Northern Chile) is described here. Specimen SGO.PV.22245 exhibits a unique combination of characters that suggests it belongs to a new species of either Eudypula Bonaparte, 1856, Spheniscus Brisson, 1760, or more probably to a more basal taxon related to them. The specimen is notably smaller than the fossil species of Spheniscus and more similar in size to the extant Spheniscus. The fossa glandulae nasalis narrows caudally, the crista nuchalis transversa and the crista temporalis are expanded like short wings, and a short crista nuchalis sagittalis connects with the rounded and cranially projected eminentia cerebellaris. The fossa temporalis is subtriangular and deeper caudally and the cranial roof is widely expanded. All these features approach the condition to some species of Spheniscus and Eudyptula. However, because of the incompleteness of the material and the fact that it cannot be compared with some fossil species of Spheniscus only known through postcranial material, we are not able to provide a more accurate assignment.
{"title":"A small penguin cranium (Aves, Spheniscidae) from the Late Miocene of Bahía Inglesa Formation, Atacama Desert, Northern Chile","authors":"C. A. Hospitaleche, S. Soto-Acuña","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a13","url":null,"abstract":"A new cranium of penguin from the Late Miocene of the Bahía Inglesa Formation (Northern Chile) is described here. Specimen SGO.PV.22245 exhibits a unique combination of characters that suggests it belongs to a new species of either Eudypula Bonaparte, 1856, Spheniscus Brisson, 1760, or more probably to a more basal taxon related to them. The specimen is notably smaller than the fossil species of Spheniscus and more similar in size to the extant Spheniscus. The fossa glandulae nasalis narrows caudally, the crista nuchalis transversa and the crista temporalis are expanded like short wings, and a short crista nuchalis sagittalis connects with the rounded and cranially projected eminentia cerebellaris. The fossa temporalis is subtriangular and deeper caudally and the cranial roof is widely expanded. All these features approach the condition to some species of Spheniscus and Eudyptula. However, because of the incompleteness of the material and the fact that it cannot be compared with some fossil species of Spheniscus only known through postcranial material, we are not able to provide a more accurate assignment.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76330955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a12
Revision of foraminifers, algae and problematic algae of well-known late Viséan formations in the Jerada syncline in the Eastern Meseta, Azrou-Khenifra Basin in the Central Meseta and Oued Cherrat in the Western Meseta, suggests that the recognition of the chronostratigraphic units within this period lacks most of the foraminiferal markers in the Western European foraminiferal biozonations. Many taxa recorded in the Moroccan Meseta are considered as late Asbian guides in Western Europe, but in the Meseta, they are first recorded in the early Brigantian. Although some foraminiferal taxa are proposed as guides for the early Brigantian in Morocco, this substage is far more easily recognized by the algal and problematic algal assemblages. In contrast, the late Brigantian, and thus, the equivalent to the lower part of the Serpukhovian, is recognized by typical foraminifers that have been also recorded in Western Europe. Moreover, the algae do not display any significant change at this level. The unusual and unrepresentative foraminiferal assemblages recorded from the Brigantian in Morocco, suggest that most of the numerous outcrops and sections ascribed to the late Asbian in the literature should be revised because, as is demonstrated in a few cases in this study, those outcrops probably belong to younger Brigantian chronostratigraphic units.
{"title":"Foraminifers and calcareous algae in Brigantian rocks as guides for the recognition of the Viséan-Serpukhovian boundary interval of Morocco","authors":"","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a12","url":null,"abstract":"Revision of foraminifers, algae and problematic algae of well-known late Viséan formations in the Jerada syncline in the Eastern Meseta, Azrou-Khenifra Basin in the Central Meseta and Oued Cherrat in the Western Meseta, suggests that the recognition of the chronostratigraphic units within this period lacks most of the foraminiferal markers in the Western European foraminiferal biozonations. Many taxa recorded in the Moroccan Meseta are considered as late Asbian guides in Western Europe, but in the Meseta, they are first recorded in the early Brigantian. Although some foraminiferal taxa are proposed as guides for the early Brigantian in Morocco, this substage is far more easily recognized by the algal and problematic algal assemblages. In contrast, the late Brigantian, and thus, the equivalent to the lower part of the Serpukhovian, is recognized by typical foraminifers that have been also recorded in Western Europe. Moreover, the algae do not display any significant change at this level. The unusual and unrepresentative foraminiferal assemblages recorded from the Brigantian in Morocco, suggest that most of the numerous outcrops and sections ascribed to the late Asbian in the literature should be revised because, as is demonstrated in a few cases in this study, those outcrops probably belong to younger Brigantian chronostratigraphic units.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76162224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a46
Annelise FOLIE, Eric BUFFETAUT, Nathalie BARDET, Alexandra HOUSSAYE, Emmanuel GHEERBRANT, Michel LAURIN
Épilogue.
结语。
{"title":"Paléobiologie et paléobiogéographie des amphibiens et reptiles : un hommage à Jean-Claude Rage – 2e partiePalaeobiology and palaeobiogeography of amphibians and reptiles: An homage to Jean-Claude Rage – Part II","authors":"Annelise FOLIE, Eric BUFFETAUT, Nathalie BARDET, Alexandra HOUSSAYE, Emmanuel GHEERBRANT, Michel LAURIN","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a46","url":null,"abstract":"Épilogue.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135904555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a11
Annelise Folie, É. Buffetaut, N. Bardet, Alexandra Houssaye, E. Gheerbrant, Michel Laurin
Epilogue.
后记。
{"title":"Paléobiologie et paléobiogéographie des amphibiens et reptiles : un hommage à Jean-Claude Rage – 2e partiePalaeobiology and palaeobiogeography of amphibians and reptiles: An homage to Jean-Claude Rage – Part II","authors":"Annelise Folie, É. Buffetaut, N. Bardet, Alexandra Houssaye, E. Gheerbrant, Michel Laurin","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a11","url":null,"abstract":"Epilogue.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75112230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a10
A. Eixea, Miguel Ángel Bel, Yolanda Carrión-Marco, Carlos Ferrer-García, undefined Pere M. GUILLEM, Álvaro Martínez-Alfaro, undefined Carmen M. MARTÍNEZ-VAREA, Raquel Moya, A. L. Rodrigues, M. Dias, D. Russo, A. Sanchis
The Mediterranean basin constitutes one of the best areas to analyse Neanderthal populations and lifestyles in South-Western Europe. In this context, new excavations conducted in the Middle Palaeolithic site of Cova del Puntal del Gat expand the information available regarding this rich region. In this study, new results are reported, including detailed studies on stratigraphy, lithic technology, anthracology, carpology, and zooarchaeology and taphonomy of macro and micromammals, with the final objective of characterizing the Neanderthals’ subsistence strategies and occupational patterns. These results are framed within a broader regional study perspective that includes MIS 5 and 4 sites. Chronostratigraphic review has enabled us to reorganize many sites that were originally included in MIS 3, towards older stages belonging to the end of MIS 4 and throughout MIS 5.
地中海盆地是分析欧洲西南部尼安德特人人口和生活方式的最佳地区之一。在此背景下，在Cova del Puntal del Gat旧石器时代中期遗址进行的新发掘扩大了关于这个富饶地区的可用信息。在这项研究中，报告了新的结果，包括地层学，石器技术，人类学，人类学，动物考古学和宏观和微型哺乳动物的埋藏学的详细研究，最终目的是表征尼安德特人的生存策略和职业模式。这些结果是在包括MIS 5和MIS 4站点的更广泛的区域研究视角内构建的。年代地层回顾使我们能够重新组织最初包含在MIS 3中的许多地点，朝向属于MIS 4末尾和整个MIS 5的较旧阶段。
{"title":"A multi-proxy study from new excavations in the Middle Palaeolithic site of Cova del Puntal del Gat (Benirredrà, València, Spain)","authors":"A. Eixea, Miguel Ángel Bel, Yolanda Carrión-Marco, Carlos Ferrer-García, undefined Pere M. GUILLEM, Álvaro Martínez-Alfaro, undefined Carmen M. MARTÍNEZ-VAREA, Raquel Moya, A. L. Rodrigues, M. Dias, D. Russo, A. Sanchis","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a10","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean basin constitutes one of the best areas to analyse Neanderthal populations and lifestyles in South-Western Europe. In this context, new excavations conducted in the Middle Palaeolithic site of Cova del Puntal del Gat expand the information available regarding this rich region. In this study, new results are reported, including detailed studies on stratigraphy, lithic technology, anthracology, carpology, and zooarchaeology and taphonomy of macro and micromammals, with the final objective of characterizing the Neanderthals’ subsistence strategies and occupational patterns. These results are framed within a broader regional study perspective that includes MIS 5 and 4 sites. Chronostratigraphic review has enabled us to reorganize many sites that were originally included in MIS 3, towards older stages belonging to the end of MIS 4 and throughout MIS 5.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73072658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a9
A. Freschi, Alessia Morigi, S. Cau, D. Persico, Francesco Garbasi, Filippo Fontana, A. Cau
We report a new fossil-bearing locality from the “Chaotic Complex” units in the Northern Apennine Chain of the Emilia-Romagna Region (northern Italy). The material collected includes an articulated series of nine caudal vertebrae referable to a large-bodied ichthyosaur. Based on the nannofossil assemblage sampled from the matrix encasing the vertebrae, we refer the specimen to the early Aptian: this is the first accurate chronostratigraphic dating of a Cretaceous ichthyosaur from the Apennine Chain. The discovery of this new fossil-bearing locality is also significant because of the rather poor record of Aptian ichthyosaurs worldwide. Compared to the large majority of vertebrate remains from the “Chaotic Complex” units, usually represented by isolated or damaged skeletal elements, the specimen retains several vertebral elements in articulation and is associated to ichnological traces left by possibly saprophagous invertebrates, a taphonomic pattern which might indicate depositional conditions less destructive than those usually assumed for the genesis of the “Chaotic Complex’’ vertebrate fossils. The presence of both ichthyosaurs and thalattosuchians in the Aptian of Italy supports the persistence in the Western Tethys of the large-bodied pelagic reptile clades typical of the Middle and Late Jurassic along the first half of the Early Cretaceous.
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Les Amynodontidae Scott & Osborn, 1883 sont une famille éteinte de Rhinocerotoidea Owen, 1845 connue depuis l’Éocène moyen jusqu’à la fin de l’Oligocène en Asie, en Amérique du Nord et en Europe. Nous présentons ici deux spécimens inédits d’Amynodontidae, un crâne et une mandibule, de Zaisanamynodon borisovi Belyaeva, 1971, datés de la fin de l’Éocène du bassin de Zaïssan (Kazakhstan) et un crâne de Metamynodon planifrons Scott & Osborn, 1887, daté du début de l’Oligocène des Big Badlands (États-Unis). Ce nouveau matériel a été inclus dans une matrice de caractères morpho-anatomiques. Elle a été complétée par le codage de l’espèce récemment décrite Amynodontopsis jiyuanensis Wang X.-Y., Wang Y.-Q., Zhang R., Zhang Z.-H., Liu & Ren, 2020 et les codages révisés de Cadurcotherium cayluxi Gervais, 1873 et Cadurcotherium minum Filhol, 1880. Nous avons réalisé une analyse cladistique basée sur cette matrice, incluant 31 taxons terminaux de Rhinocerotoidea. La nouvelle hypothèse phylogénétique proposée permet de discuter des positions phylogénétiques des spécimens étudiés au sein des Amynodontidae et de la position des Amynodontidae au sein des Rhinocerotoidea. Notre analyse cladistique clarifie la composition générique et spécifique des tribus Metamynodontini Kretzoi, 1942 et Cadurcodontini Wall, 1982 et soutient la monophylie de Zaisanamynodon Belyaeva, 1971. La dichotomie des deux tribus s’exprime notamment par la présence de plusieurs caractéristiques crâniennes telles que “l’allongement de l’incisure nasale” ou “la fosse préorbitaire bien développée” chez les Cadurcodontini. Ces spécialisations témoignent d’une adaptation de la région péri-nasale à la présence d’un proboscis. Notre étude ouvre également une discussion sur la biogéographie des Amynodontidae, leur émergence et dispersion en Asie à l’Éocène moyen puis leur colonisation de l’Amérique du Nord et de l’Europe de l’Est. Leur présence en Europe occidentale est, quant à elle, restreinte à l’Oligocène et liée à l’événement de la Grande Coupure.
{"title":"Cranial morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Amynodontidae Scott & Osborn, 1883 (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotoidea)","authors":"Léa VEINE-TONIZZO, Jérémy TISSIER, Maia BUKHSIANIDZE, Davit VASILYAN, Damien BECKER","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a8","url":null,"abstract":"Les Amynodontidae Scott & Osborn, 1883 sont une famille éteinte de Rhinocerotoidea Owen, 1845 connue depuis l’Éocène moyen jusqu’à la fin de l’Oligocène en Asie, en Amérique du Nord et en Europe. Nous présentons ici deux spécimens inédits d’Amynodontidae, un crâne et une mandibule, de Zaisanamynodon borisovi Belyaeva, 1971, datés de la fin de l’Éocène du bassin de Zaïssan (Kazakhstan) et un crâne de Metamynodon planifrons Scott & Osborn, 1887, daté du début de l’Oligocène des Big Badlands (États-Unis). Ce nouveau matériel a été inclus dans une matrice de caractères morpho-anatomiques. Elle a été complétée par le codage de l’espèce récemment décrite Amynodontopsis jiyuanensis Wang X.-Y., Wang Y.-Q., Zhang R., Zhang Z.-H., Liu & Ren, 2020 et les codages révisés de Cadurcotherium cayluxi Gervais, 1873 et Cadurcotherium minum Filhol, 1880. Nous avons réalisé une analyse cladistique basée sur cette matrice, incluant 31 taxons terminaux de Rhinocerotoidea. La nouvelle hypothèse phylogénétique proposée permet de discuter des positions phylogénétiques des spécimens étudiés au sein des Amynodontidae et de la position des Amynodontidae au sein des Rhinocerotoidea. Notre analyse cladistique clarifie la composition générique et spécifique des tribus Metamynodontini Kretzoi, 1942 et Cadurcodontini Wall, 1982 et soutient la monophylie de Zaisanamynodon Belyaeva, 1971. La dichotomie des deux tribus s’exprime notamment par la présence de plusieurs caractéristiques crâniennes telles que “l’allongement de l’incisure nasale” ou “la fosse préorbitaire bien développée” chez les Cadurcodontini. Ces spécialisations témoignent d’une adaptation de la région péri-nasale à la présence d’un proboscis. Notre étude ouvre également une discussion sur la biogéographie des Amynodontidae, leur émergence et dispersion en Asie à l’Éocène moyen puis leur colonisation de l’Amérique du Nord et de l’Europe de l’Est. Leur présence en Europe occidentale est, quant à elle, restreinte à l’Oligocène et liée à l’événement de la Grande Coupure.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"439 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135034494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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