Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a30
C. Grohé, K. Uno, J. Boisserie
We describe otter remains (Lutrinae Bonaparte, 1838) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Lower Omo Valley of southwestern Ethiopia. We report isolated lower and upper teeth of Torolutra sp. dated to c. 3.3 Ma, dental specimens and a femur of Enhydriodon Falconer, 1868, attributed to a new species, dated between c. 3.4 Ma and 2.5 Ma, as well as a humerus of Lutrinae indet. dated between c. 1.9 Ma and 1.8 Ma. The new species Enhydriodon omoensis n. sp. is the largest species of the genus discovered so far. It is even larger than its close relative E. dikikae Geraads, Alemseged, Bobe & Reed, 2011, a Pliocene lion-sized otter from the Afar region and potentially from eastern Turkana. Based on stable oxygen and carbon isotope analyses, we found that Enhydriodon from the Lower Omo Valley could have been terrestrial and fed on both aquatic and terrestrial prey, acquired by either hunting or scavenging. It filled a unique ecological niche in the past communities co-existing with australopithecines. Enhydriodon and Torolutra Petter, Pickford & Howell, 1991 went extinct in Africa around the Plio-Pleistocene transition, along with many large-sized and ecologically specialized carnivorans. This extinction event could be linked to the many geological, climate, and biotic changes occurring in the eastern African rift during this period, notably the incursion of early hominins into the carnivore guild.
{"title":"Lutrinae Bonaparte, 1838 (Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Lower Omo Valley, southwestern Ethiopia: systematics and new insights into the paleoecology and paleobiogeography of the Turkana otters","authors":"C. Grohé, K. Uno, J. Boisserie","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a30","url":null,"abstract":"We describe otter remains (Lutrinae Bonaparte, 1838) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Lower Omo Valley of southwestern Ethiopia. We report isolated lower and upper teeth of Torolutra sp. dated to c. 3.3 Ma, dental specimens and a femur of Enhydriodon Falconer, 1868, attributed to a new species, dated between c. 3.4 Ma and 2.5 Ma, as well as a humerus of Lutrinae indet. dated between c. 1.9 Ma and 1.8 Ma. The new species Enhydriodon omoensis n. sp. is the largest species of the genus discovered so far. It is even larger than its close relative E. dikikae Geraads, Alemseged, Bobe & Reed, 2011, a Pliocene lion-sized otter from the Afar region and potentially from eastern Turkana. Based on stable oxygen and carbon isotope analyses, we found that Enhydriodon from the Lower Omo Valley could have been terrestrial and fed on both aquatic and terrestrial prey, acquired by either hunting or scavenging. It filled a unique ecological niche in the past communities co-existing with australopithecines. Enhydriodon and Torolutra Petter, Pickford & Howell, 1991 went extinct in Africa around the Plio-Pleistocene transition, along with many large-sized and ecologically specialized carnivorans. This extinction event could be linked to the many geological, climate, and biotic changes occurring in the eastern African rift during this period, notably the incursion of early hominins into the carnivore guild.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87623604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a29
T. Szczygielski, Justyna Słowiak
Shell suture obliteration (ankylosis) was exceptionally frequent in the earliest turtles, in contrast to post-Triassic taxa. Since modern turtles grow mostly along sutures, early ankylosis in Triassic taxa is intriguing. The Triassic turtle Proterochersis porebensis Szczygielski & Sulej, 2016 is known from numerous specimens, allowing observation of shell microstructure changes during ontogeny. Shell ankylosis occurred seemingly randomly in individuals of variable size, including small and morphologically juvenile, and completely obscured the initial bony composition. We propose that this phenomenon in the Triassic turtles can be an effect of early evolutionary stages of shell histogenesis and physiological mechanisms still used in shell regeneration in modern species. We also describe some parallels between the unusual peripheral microstructure of another Triassic turtle, Waluchelys cavitesta Sterli, Martínez, Cerda & Apaldetti, 2020, and Proterochersis porebensis. Microstructural changes imply that Proterochersis porebensis could change habitat during ontogeny, small individuals appearing more aquatic and larger more terrestrial.
{"title":"Shell histology of the Triassic turtle, Proterochersis porebensis Szczygielski & Sulej, 2016, provides novel insights about shell ankylosis","authors":"T. Szczygielski, Justyna Słowiak","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a29","url":null,"abstract":"Shell suture obliteration (ankylosis) was exceptionally frequent in the earliest turtles, in contrast to post-Triassic taxa. Since modern turtles grow mostly along sutures, early ankylosis in Triassic taxa is intriguing. The Triassic turtle Proterochersis porebensis Szczygielski & Sulej, 2016 is known from numerous specimens, allowing observation of shell microstructure changes during ontogeny. Shell ankylosis occurred seemingly randomly in individuals of variable size, including small and morphologically juvenile, and completely obscured the initial bony composition. We propose that this phenomenon in the Triassic turtles can be an effect of early evolutionary stages of shell histogenesis and physiological mechanisms still used in shell regeneration in modern species. We also describe some parallels between the unusual peripheral microstructure of another Triassic turtle, Waluchelys cavitesta Sterli, Martínez, Cerda & Apaldetti, 2020, and Proterochersis porebensis. Microstructural changes imply that Proterochersis porebensis could change habitat during ontogeny, small individuals appearing more aquatic and larger more terrestrial.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81642147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a28
Camille Thabard, Jean-Baptiste Fourvel
Le gisement paléontologique de Montoussé (Montoussé, Hautes-Pyrénées, France), découvert par Édouard Harlé en 1892, est daté du Pléistocène inférieur (1,2-1,5 Ma) pour la brèche 5. Elle renferme un grand nombre d’espèces de petite à moyenne taille, dont une série homogène et importante en terme de restes de petits mustélidés. Cet article se concentre sur leur analyse morphologique et ostéométrique à travers un corpus de 52 restes. Nous proposons ici une analyse morphologique et métrique, afin de produire des clefs d’identification discriminant la belette Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 de l’hermine Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, ainsi que leurs formes fossiles respectives Mustela praenivalis Kormos, 1934 et Mustela palerminea Pétenyi, 1864. Cette identification spécifique est discutée à la lumière du contexte chrono-climatique. En effet, ces petits carnivores sont particulièrement sensibles aux variations climatiques et une corrélation est établie entre leur taille et l’environnement. Une meilleure connaissance de la variabilité inter et intraspécifique de ces espèces pourrait conduire à en faire des marqueurs paléoenvironnementaux valables. L’étude de la variabilité chez les formes anciennes remet en question leur valeur spécifique.
{"title":"Les restes de Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 (Carnivora, Mustelidae) du gisement Pléistocène inférieur de Montoussé 5 (Hautes-Pyrénées, France)","authors":"Camille Thabard, Jean-Baptiste Fourvel","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a28","url":null,"abstract":"Le gisement paléontologique de Montoussé (Montoussé, Hautes-Pyrénées, France), découvert par Édouard Harlé en 1892, est daté du Pléistocène inférieur (1,2-1,5 Ma) pour la brèche 5. Elle renferme un grand nombre d’espèces de petite à moyenne taille, dont une série homogène et importante en terme de restes de petits mustélidés. Cet article se concentre sur leur analyse morphologique et ostéométrique à travers un corpus de 52 restes. Nous proposons ici une analyse morphologique et métrique, afin de produire des clefs d’identification discriminant la belette Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 de l’hermine Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, ainsi que leurs formes fossiles respectives Mustela praenivalis Kormos, 1934 et Mustela palerminea Pétenyi, 1864. Cette identification spécifique est discutée à la lumière du contexte chrono-climatique. En effet, ces petits carnivores sont particulièrement sensibles aux variations climatiques et une corrélation est établie entre leur taille et l’environnement. Une meilleure connaissance de la variabilité inter et intraspécifique de ces espèces pourrait conduire à en faire des marqueurs paléoenvironnementaux valables. L’étude de la variabilité chez les formes anciennes remet en question leur valeur spécifique.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90854164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a27
Emmanuel Discamps, Christelle Dancette
The study of fossil bone assemblages has brought up evidence of the existence in the Pleistocene of faunal communities with no modern analogues. This is notably the case for Palaeolithic archaeological sites that have yielded, in the same stratigraphic layers, remains of species that are rarely sympatric in present-day ecosystems. The Mousterian – layer C – and Châtelperronian – layer B – of Grotte XVI (Dordogne, France) provide examples of such “composite” faunas: high proportions of Red deer (21 % and 34 % of the total number of identifiable remains of ungulates, respectively), Roe deer (17 % and 14 %) and Reindeer (42 % and 26 %) have been described in the same assemblages. In order to better interpret these no-analog communities, large mammal remains from layers B and C of Grotte XVI are reanalysed here. Taxonomic identifications, taphonomic data (cortical surface states, anthropic marks, evidences of carnivore activity, etc.), season-of-death estimates and bone refits (intra- and inter-layers) are combined and analysed as part of a three-dimensional spatial study of the faunal assemblages.
对骨骼化石组合的研究提供了在更新世存在的动物群落的证据，而没有现代的类似物。这一点在旧石器时代的考古遗址中尤为明显，在相同的地层中，发现了在当今生态系统中很少有同域物种的遗骸。Grotte XVI(法国多尔多涅)的Mousterian - layer C -和ch telperronian - layer B -提供了这种“复合”动物群的例子:在相同的组合中描述了高比例的马鹿(分别占可识别有蹄类动物遗骸总数的21%和34%)，狍(17%和14%)和驯鹿(42%和26%)。为了更好地解释这些非模拟群落，本文对Grotte XVI的B层和C层的大型哺乳动物遗骸进行了重新分析。分类鉴定、地形学数据(皮质表面状态、人类活动标记、食肉动物活动证据等)、死亡季节估计和骨骼修复(层内和层间)被结合和分析，作为动物群三维空间研究的一部分。
{"title":"Étude taphonomique et spatiale des associations de grands mammifères non analogues du Pléistocène supérieur de la Grotte XVI (Dordogne, France)","authors":"Emmanuel Discamps, Christelle Dancette","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a27","url":null,"abstract":"The study of fossil bone assemblages has brought up evidence of the existence in the Pleistocene of faunal communities with no modern analogues. This is notably the case for Palaeolithic archaeological sites that have yielded, in the same stratigraphic layers, remains of species that are rarely sympatric in present-day ecosystems. The Mousterian – layer C – and Châtelperronian – layer B – of Grotte XVI (Dordogne, France) provide examples of such “composite” faunas: high proportions of Red deer (21 % and 34 % of the total number of identifiable remains of ungulates, respectively), Roe deer (17 % and 14 %) and Reindeer (42 % and 26 %) have been described in the same assemblages. In order to better interpret these no-analog communities, large mammal remains from layers B and C of Grotte XVI are reanalysed here. Taxonomic identifications, taphonomic data (cortical surface states, anthropic marks, evidences of carnivore activity, etc.), season-of-death estimates and bone refits (intra- and inter-layers) are combined and analysed as part of a three-dimensional spatial study of the faunal assemblages.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89572679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a26
G. Lazaridis, E. Tsoukala, D. Kostopoulos
Fossil remains of late Miocene Propotamochoerus Pilgrim, 1925 from several sites of SE Europe are part of a long-lasting discussion. The sparsely known material, usually toothrows, does not fit well with any known Propotamochoerus species and therefore local peri-Balkan samples have been referred to different species. Based on a fairly complete cranium and a mandible from the Turolian fauna of Kryopigi (Northern Greece), and combined with other Balkan evidence, we propose that this Eastern Mediterranean taxon represents a new species. Propotamochoerus aegaeus n. sp. is characterized by moderate cranial and dental size, widely separated temporal lines, long zygomatic arches, elongated upper incisors and diastemata in each side of the first upper premolar; relatively small male lower canines, broad upper and lower third premolars and short lower fourth premolar, and a small hexaconid on the talonid of the lower third molar. A thorough morphological and metric analysis contradicts recent views of the taxon as invalid and provides new evidence on the late Miocene diversity and distribution of the genus.
在欧洲东南部的几个地点发现的1925年中新世晚期朝圣原猿化石残骸是一个长期讨论的一部分。这些为人所知甚少的材料，通常是土掷物，与任何已知的原兽属物种都不太吻合，因此巴尔干周边地区的当地样本被认为是不同的物种。根据来自希腊北部Kryopigi图罗利亚动物群的相当完整的头盖骨和下颌骨，并结合其他巴尔干地区的证据，我们提出这个东地中海分类群代表了一个新物种。aegaeus n. spp .的特征是中等大小的颅骨和牙齿，广泛分离的颞线，长颧骨弓，细长的上门牙和在第一个上前磨牙两侧的间隙;相对较小的雄性下犬齿，宽的上、下第三前磨牙和短的下第四前磨牙，在下第三磨牙的爪骨上有一个小的六齿体。彻底的形态和计量分析反驳了最近认为该分类群是无效的观点，并为该属的晚中新世多样性和分布提供了新的证据。
{"title":"Validation of a prematurely abolished new Propotamochoerus Pilgrim, 1925 species (Mammalia, Suidae) from SE Mediterranean","authors":"G. Lazaridis, E. Tsoukala, D. Kostopoulos","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a26","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil remains of late Miocene Propotamochoerus Pilgrim, 1925 from several sites of SE Europe are part of a long-lasting discussion. The sparsely known material, usually toothrows, does not fit well with any known Propotamochoerus species and therefore local peri-Balkan samples have been referred to different species. Based on a fairly complete cranium and a mandible from the Turolian fauna of Kryopigi (Northern Greece), and combined with other Balkan evidence, we propose that this Eastern Mediterranean taxon represents a new species. Propotamochoerus aegaeus n. sp. is characterized by moderate cranial and dental size, widely separated temporal lines, long zygomatic arches, elongated upper incisors and diastemata in each side of the first upper premolar; relatively small male lower canines, broad upper and lower third premolars and short lower fourth premolar, and a small hexaconid on the talonid of the lower third molar. A thorough morphological and metric analysis contradicts recent views of the taxon as invalid and provides new evidence on the late Miocene diversity and distribution of the genus.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82281699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a25
M. Augé, undefined Annelise FOLIE, Richard Smith, A. Phélizon, undefined Paul GIGASE†, T. Smith
Saniwa is an extinct genus of varanid squamate from the Eocene of North America and Europe. Up to now, only one poorly known species, Saniwa orsmaelensis Dollo, 1923, has been reported from Europe. Diagnostic material was limited to vertebrae with only preliminary description and no figure provided, except of one dorsal vertebra that was designated as the lectotype. New specimens from the earliest Eocene of Dormaal, Belgium and Le Quesnoy, France, including recently recovered skull material, are described and illustrated here. These fossils representing the oldest varanid squamate allow further comparisons with the type species, Saniwa ensidens Leidy, 1870, from the early and middle Eocene of North America and to propose a new diagnosis for S. orsmaelensis. Its arrival in Europe is probably linked to rapid environmental changes around the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The occurrence of S. orsmaelensis is restricted to the early Eocene of northwest Europe and paleogeographic considerations regarding the distribution of the genus Saniwa Leidy, 1870 suggest an Asian origin, but an African origin cannot be completely excluded.
{"title":"Revision of the oldest varanid, Saniwa orsmaelensis Dollo, 1923, from the earliest Eocene of northwest Europe","authors":"M. Augé, undefined Annelise FOLIE, Richard Smith, A. Phélizon, undefined Paul GIGASE†, T. Smith","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a25","url":null,"abstract":"Saniwa is an extinct genus of varanid squamate from the Eocene of North America and Europe. Up to now, only one poorly known species, Saniwa orsmaelensis Dollo, 1923, has been reported from Europe. Diagnostic material was limited to vertebrae with only preliminary description and no figure provided, except of one dorsal vertebra that was designated as the lectotype. New specimens from the earliest Eocene of Dormaal, Belgium and Le Quesnoy, France, including recently recovered skull material, are described and illustrated here. These fossils representing the oldest varanid squamate allow further comparisons with the type species, Saniwa ensidens Leidy, 1870, from the early and middle Eocene of North America and to propose a new diagnosis for S. orsmaelensis. Its arrival in Europe is probably linked to rapid environmental changes around the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The occurrence of S. orsmaelensis is restricted to the early Eocene of northwest Europe and paleogeographic considerations regarding the distribution of the genus Saniwa Leidy, 1870 suggest an Asian origin, but an African origin cannot be completely excluded.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86211725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a24
Laurence. Bourguignon, Iluminada Ortega, undefined Felipe CUARTERO
The quartz component of the Champs de Bossuet (CdB) industry has been the subject of technological and techno-functional analyses focused on the ergonomic characterization of percussive tools related to their morphologies, their dimensions and masses but especially on their Active Percussion Zone (APZ) (morphology, extent, location). After assessing the position held by the percussive tools in the quartz component, they will be described on the basis of a subdivision into two large families correlated to their function and mode of operation: sharp percussion tools and blunt percussion tools (Viallet et al. 2022). Among this last group, constituting the panoply of percutors (of sensu lato size), ergonomic specificities could be highlighted in a correlation with a specialization of the lithic flint production mode for which they were used: discoid debitage with pseudo-Levallois point and its ramifications (Bourguignon et al. 2000; Lenoble et al. 2000 ; Bourguignon & Turq 2003). Each of the characteristics (weights, size and morphology) and their grouping by categories will be described and quantified and their function evaluated. Finally, we will propose, for classes of hammerstones with very specific size and ergonomic characteristics, a terminology derived from the current technical vocabulary describing the «striking tools» and in particular hammers for purposes of differentiation in the rich panoply of percussive tools and comparisons in other archaeological records.
Champs de Bossuet (CdB)行业的石英成分一直是技术和技术功能分析的主题，重点是与其形态，尺寸和质量相关的冲击工具的人体工程学特征，特别是其活跃冲击带(APZ)(形态，范围，位置)。在评估了冲击工具在石英成分中的位置后，将根据其功能和操作方式将其细分为两大类:尖锐冲击工具和钝性冲击工具(Viallet et al. 2022)。在这最后一组中，构成了一套(感素尺寸)的执行器，人体工学的特殊性可以通过与使用它们的燧石生产模式的专业化的相关性来突出:带有伪勒瓦洛瓦点的盘状碎片及其分支(Bourguignon et al. 2000;lennoble et al. 2000;勃艮第与土耳其酒2003)。每个特征(权重，大小和形态)及其分类分组将被描述和量化，并评估其功能。最后，对于具有特定尺寸和人体工程学特征的锤石类，我们将提出一个来自当前技术词汇的术语，用于描述“打击工具”，特别是锤子，以便在丰富的打击工具中进行区分，并与其他考古记录进行比较。
{"title":"L’outillage en quartz spécialisé utilisé en percussion lancée en contexte discoïde à Pointe pseudo-Levallois : l’exemple de Champs de Bossuet","authors":"Laurence. Bourguignon, Iluminada Ortega, undefined Felipe CUARTERO","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a24","url":null,"abstract":"The quartz component of the Champs de Bossuet (CdB) industry has been the subject of technological and techno-functional analyses focused on the ergonomic characterization of percussive tools related to their morphologies, their dimensions and masses but especially on their Active Percussion Zone (APZ) (morphology, extent, location). After assessing the position held by the percussive tools in the quartz component, they will be described on the basis of a subdivision into two large families correlated to their function and mode of operation: sharp percussion tools and blunt percussion tools (Viallet et al. 2022). Among this last group, constituting the panoply of percutors (of sensu lato size), ergonomic specificities could be highlighted in a correlation with a specialization of the lithic flint production mode for which they were used: discoid debitage with pseudo-Levallois point and its ramifications (Bourguignon et al. 2000; Lenoble et al. 2000 ; Bourguignon & Turq 2003). Each of the characteristics (weights, size and morphology) and their grouping by categories will be described and quantified and their function evaluated. Finally, we will propose, for classes of hammerstones with very specific size and ergonomic characteristics, a terminology derived from the current technical vocabulary describing the «striking tools» and in particular hammers for purposes of differentiation in the rich panoply of percussive tools and comparisons in other archaeological records.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88870682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a23
undefined Maren JANSEN, D. Marjanović
Recent studies have shown that the Triassic stem-frog Triadobatrachus Kuhn, 1962 lacked the ability to jump, but nonetheless had the forelimb strength to withstand the impact of landing from a jump. We propose a hypothesis to resolve this pseudoparadox: the strengthened forelimbs are former adaptations to forelimb-based digging that later made jumping possible by exaptation. Micro-CT data from a skeleton of Batropetes palatinus Glienke, 2015 reveal thin cortical bone, confirming Batropetes Carroll & Gaskill, 1971 as terrestrial. Combining adaptations to walking and digging, confirmed by statistical analyses, Batropetes is thought to have searched for food in leaf litter or topsoil. We interpret Batropetes as having used one forelimb at a time to shove leaf litter aside. Batropetes may thus represent an analog, or possibly a homolog, of the digging stage that preceded the origin of Salientia Laurenti, 1768. We discuss the possibility of homology with the digging lifestyles of other “microsaurs” and other amphibians.
{"title":"The scratch-digging lifestyle of the Permian “microsaur” Batropetes Carroll & Gaskill, 1971 as a model for the exaptative origin of jumping locomotion in frogs","authors":"undefined Maren JANSEN, D. Marjanović","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a23","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have shown that the Triassic stem-frog Triadobatrachus Kuhn, 1962 lacked the ability to jump, but nonetheless had the forelimb strength to withstand the impact of landing from a jump. We propose a hypothesis to resolve this pseudoparadox: the strengthened forelimbs are former adaptations to forelimb-based digging that later made jumping possible by exaptation. Micro-CT data from a skeleton of Batropetes palatinus Glienke, 2015 reveal thin cortical bone, confirming Batropetes Carroll & Gaskill, 1971 as terrestrial. Combining adaptations to walking and digging, confirmed by statistical analyses, Batropetes is thought to have searched for food in leaf litter or topsoil. We interpret Batropetes as having used one forelimb at a time to shove leaf litter aside. Batropetes may thus represent an analog, or possibly a homolog, of the digging stage that preceded the origin of Salientia Laurenti, 1768. We discuss the possibility of homology with the digging lifestyles of other “microsaurs” and other amphibians.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87907079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a22
Rebecca Cawood, A. Nel, R. Garrouste, S. Moyo, M. Villet, R. Prevec
Here we describe a new genus and four new species of the extinct ‘Grylloblattida’: Liomopteridae Sellards, 1909: Liomopterum connexus Cawood & Nel, n. sp., Liomopterum daenerys Cawood & Nel, n. sp., Colubrosopterum karooensis Cawood & Nel, n. gen., n. sp., and Paraliomopterum sp. The fossil wings were collected from a new Middle Permian locality near Sutherland, Northern Cape, South Africa, with the horizon close to the Ecca-Beaufort Group contact in the southern Karoo Basin.
在此，我们描述了已灭绝的“Grylloblattida”的一个新属和四个新种:liomopterae Sellards, 1909; Liomopterum connexus Cawood & Nel, n. sp.， Liomopterum daenerys Cawood & Nel, n. sp.， Colubrosopterum karooensis Cawood & Nel, n. gen.， n. sp.和Paraliomopterum sp.。这些翅膀化石是在南非北开普省萨therland附近的一个新的中二叠世地区收集的，其水平面接近Karoo盆地南部的Ecca-Beaufort Group接触。
{"title":"The first ‘Grylloblattida’ of the family Liomopteridae from the Middle Permian in the Onder Karoo, South Africa (Insecta: Polyneoptera)","authors":"Rebecca Cawood, A. Nel, R. Garrouste, S. Moyo, M. Villet, R. Prevec","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a22","url":null,"abstract":"Here we describe a new genus and four new species of the extinct ‘Grylloblattida’: Liomopteridae Sellards, 1909: Liomopterum connexus Cawood & Nel, n. sp., Liomopterum daenerys Cawood & Nel, n. sp., Colubrosopterum karooensis Cawood & Nel, n. gen., n. sp., and Paraliomopterum sp. The fossil wings were collected from a new Middle Permian locality near Sutherland, Northern Cape, South Africa, with the horizon close to the Ecca-Beaufort Group contact in the southern Karoo Basin.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83663443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-20DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a21
R. Hanon, S. Péan, M. Patou-Mathis, S. Prat, Amy L Rector, Christine M. Steininger
The Cooper’s D deposit has been dated by U-Pb at a maximum age of 1.37 Ma ± 0.113 and has yielded seven Hominini remains, six of them are attributed to the Southern African endemic species Paranthropus robustus Broom, 1938. However, the taxonomic composition of the faunal assemblage recovered at this site, especially ruminants, remains poorly understood. This paper updates the previous palaeontological and biochronological works and provides the first taxonomic description and paleoecological analysis of the whole bovid material from Cooper’s D. We propose a minimum age of 1.0 Ma for the Cooper’s D bone accumulation. Thus, we conclude that the assemblage accumulated between 1.375 ± 0.113 and 1.0 Ma based on the complementary results obtained from radiometric dates and biochronology. The paleoecological analysis suggests that Cooper’s D is likewise dominated by grassland with sparse covered habitat and probable water sources in the vicinity. Finally, we show a strong statistically significant negative correlation between the presence of grassland-adapted bovid species and P. robustus. This result indicates that P. robustus was more likely to be an eurytopic species and dietary generalist than an exclusive grazer.
{"title":"Fossil Bovidae from the Hominini-bearing site of Cooper’s D (Bloubank Valley, South Africa): implications for Paranthropus robustus Broom, 1938 and early Homo Linnaeus, 1758 habitat preferences","authors":"R. Hanon, S. Péan, M. Patou-Mathis, S. Prat, Amy L Rector, Christine M. Steininger","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a21","url":null,"abstract":"The Cooper’s D deposit has been dated by U-Pb at a maximum age of 1.37 Ma ± 0.113 and has yielded seven Hominini remains, six of them are attributed to the Southern African endemic species Paranthropus robustus Broom, 1938. However, the taxonomic composition of the faunal assemblage recovered at this site, especially ruminants, remains poorly understood. This paper updates the previous palaeontological and biochronological works and provides the first taxonomic description and paleoecological analysis of the whole bovid material from Cooper’s D. We propose a minimum age of 1.0 Ma for the Cooper’s D bone accumulation. Thus, we conclude that the assemblage accumulated between 1.375 ± 0.113 and 1.0 Ma based on the complementary results obtained from radiometric dates and biochronology. The paleoecological analysis suggests that Cooper’s D is likewise dominated by grassland with sparse covered habitat and probable water sources in the vicinity. Finally, we show a strong statistically significant negative correlation between the presence of grassland-adapted bovid species and P. robustus. This result indicates that P. robustus was more likely to be an eurytopic species and dietary generalist than an exclusive grazer.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83175156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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