Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a10
G. Rodríguez-Gómez, undefined Paul PALMQVIST, undefined Bienvenido MARTÍNEZ-NAVARRO, J. A. Martín-González, José María Bermúndez de Castro
Estimates of adult body mass are usually considered as equivalent of mean population body size in most studies of ancient mammals. However, given that any population is composed in part of subadult individuals, this approach overestimates the mean population body mass and biomass. For this reason, more realistic estimates of mean population body mass should be used. In this paper, we: 1) test five different proxies of population mean mass; and 2) estimate the total prey biomass in the paleoecosystems from the Orce and Atapuerca sites as an approach for estimating their carrying capacity. Our results for past ecosystems support the use of survival profiles derived from the Weibull model (SPW), as they show values in better agreement with those of extant populations. They also estimate higher carrying capacities for the faunal assemblages of Orce than for those of Atapuerca. We suggest that the environmental conditions of Orce could have played an important role in the first peopling of Europe.
{"title":"Mean body size estimation in large mammals and the computation of biomass in past ecosystems: An application to the Pleistocene sites of Orce and Sierra de Atapuerca (Spain)","authors":"G. Rodríguez-Gómez, undefined Paul PALMQVIST, undefined Bienvenido MARTÍNEZ-NAVARRO, J. A. Martín-González, José María Bermúndez de Castro","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a10","url":null,"abstract":"Estimates of adult body mass are usually considered as equivalent of mean population body size in most studies of ancient mammals. However, given that any population is composed in part of subadult individuals, this approach overestimates the mean population body mass and biomass. For this reason, more realistic estimates of mean population body mass should be used. In this paper, we: 1) test five different proxies of population mean mass; and 2) estimate the total prey biomass in the paleoecosystems from the Orce and Atapuerca sites as an approach for estimating their carrying capacity. Our results for past ecosystems support the use of survival profiles derived from the Weibull model (SPW), as they show values in better agreement with those of extant populations. They also estimate higher carrying capacities for the faunal assemblages of Orce than for those of Atapuerca. We suggest that the environmental conditions of Orce could have played an important role in the first peopling of Europe.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85237446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a9
R. Pintore, Arnaud Delapré, R. Lefebvre, Léo Botton-Divet, Alexandra Houssaye, R. Cornette
In this study, we suggest a method adapted to the retrodeformation of asymmetrical objects – such as limb bones – by quantitatively estimating the effectiveness of the Thin-Plate Splines (TPS) interpolation function as a retrodeformation tool. To do so, taphonomic deformations were first simulated on a single horse femur. The original bone was then used as a reference in order to drive the retrodeformation using anatomical landmarks. This approach, based on a single bone, enabled us to evaluate the performance of the retrodeformation procedure. Then, the same approach was performed on a sample of rhino femora but using a different specimen (from the same species) as the reference in order to account for morphological variation. We also added sliding semi-landmarks on anatomical curves. Finally, retrodeformation was applied on a sample of sauropodomorph dinosaur femora by building a mean shape based on several well-preserved fossil specimens. Results show that entirely flattened and stretched bones are more efficiently retrodeformed than bent and twisted bones. Introduction of morphological variation increased the efficiency of retrodeformation for bent and locally stretched bones. The application to the sample of fossils produced similar results but also highlighted the difficulty of retrodeforming bones with a combination of different deformations. TPS interpolation is an efficient tool of retrodeformation for asymmetrical objects, especially for bones with only one affine deformation such as flattening or stretching. Finding a threshold of landmark number to use for this process would be the next step because it would allow us to ensure the quality of retrodeformation while keeping available a reasonable number of landmarks in order to perform shape analysis on retrodeformed bones. Twisted and bent fossils are frequently discovered and we suggest that these kinds of deformations should be studied with caution, especially when combined with other types of taphonomic distortions.
{"title":"The potential and limits of Thin-Plate Spline retrodeformation on asymmetrical objects:simulation of taphonomic deformations andapplication on a fossil sample of limb long bones","authors":"R. Pintore, Arnaud Delapré, R. Lefebvre, Léo Botton-Divet, Alexandra Houssaye, R. Cornette","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a9","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we suggest a method adapted to the retrodeformation of asymmetrical objects – such as limb bones – by quantitatively estimating the effectiveness of the Thin-Plate Splines (TPS) interpolation function as a retrodeformation tool. To do so, taphonomic deformations were first simulated on a single horse femur. The original bone was then used as a reference in order to drive the retrodeformation using anatomical landmarks. This approach, based on a single bone, enabled us to evaluate the performance of the retrodeformation procedure. Then, the same approach was performed on a sample of rhino femora but using a different specimen (from the same species) as the reference in order to account for morphological variation. We also added sliding semi-landmarks on anatomical curves. Finally, retrodeformation was applied on a sample of sauropodomorph dinosaur femora by building a mean shape based on several well-preserved fossil specimens. Results show that entirely flattened and stretched bones are more efficiently retrodeformed than bent and twisted bones. Introduction of morphological variation increased the efficiency of retrodeformation for bent and locally stretched bones. The application to the sample of fossils produced similar results but also highlighted the difficulty of retrodeforming bones with a combination of different deformations. TPS interpolation is an efficient tool of retrodeformation for asymmetrical objects, especially for bones with only one affine deformation such as flattening or stretching. Finding a threshold of landmark number to use for this process would be the next step because it would allow us to ensure the quality of retrodeformation while keeping available a reasonable number of landmarks in order to perform shape analysis on retrodeformed bones. Twisted and bent fossils are frequently discovered and we suggest that these kinds of deformations should be studied with caution, especially when combined with other types of taphonomic distortions.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80408623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a8
undefined Cyril VIALLET, Louis de Weyer, J. Ivorra, Joseba Rios-Garaizar, Deborah Barsky, Felipe Cuartero, Patricia BELLO-ALONSO, Laurence. Bourguignon
Level US4 of the Bois-de-Riquet archeological site represents a mudslide type deposit dating to the early Middle Pleistocene. It has yielded a rich lithic assemblage made from basalt, aplite and quartz, whose components represent all of the operating chains of production: cores, flakes, hammers, worked cobbles and blocks, as well as a biface. The latter, associated with the production of large flakes, testifies to the first phases of the European Acheulian. This article presents the analysis of part of the macro-tools made from basalt. The methodology is based on a techno-morpho-functional and traceological analysis of the artefacts, coupled with the creation of a specific experimental frame of reference. These approaches allow us to distinguish among five tool types. Three groups of tools present a transverse opposition between their cutting edges and gripping zones, while the other two groups present an oblique opposition. These functional structures refer to different gestures. However, the size and weight characteristics of the artefacts, as well as the angle of the cutting edges, allow us to propose a mode of action in direct launched percussion. This hypothesis was experimentally tested on wood and fresh bone to verify, on the one hand, the effectiveness of these tools for these activities and, on the other hand, to analyze the damage produced on the cutting edges and compare it to the archeological tools. The data obtained experimentally support the hypothesis that launched percussion was used in these five groups of sharp-edged macro-tools. We discuss the implications of these results for the characterization of the first phases of the European Acheulean. Indeed, beyond the presence of a biface, the production of massive flakes as tool supports may be perceived as a technological innovation in Europe, possibly characterizing an evolution of cognitive order. At the same time, the use of these sharp tools in launched percussion could indicate that hominins were exploiting their environments in new ways. Finally, this article brings new elements of reflection to the debate on the origins of the European Acheulean.
{"title":"Du macro-outillage tranchant utilisé en percussion lancée dans les premières phases de l’Acheuléen européen ? Le cas de l’US4 de Bois-de-Riquet (Lézignan-la-Cèbe, Hérault, France)","authors":"undefined Cyril VIALLET, Louis de Weyer, J. Ivorra, Joseba Rios-Garaizar, Deborah Barsky, Felipe Cuartero, Patricia BELLO-ALONSO, Laurence. Bourguignon","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a8","url":null,"abstract":"Level US4 of the Bois-de-Riquet archeological site represents a mudslide type deposit dating to the early Middle Pleistocene. It has yielded a rich lithic assemblage made from basalt, aplite and quartz, whose components represent all of the operating chains of production: cores, flakes, hammers, worked cobbles and blocks, as well as a biface. The latter, associated with the production of large flakes, testifies to the first phases of the European Acheulian. This article presents the analysis of part of the macro-tools made from basalt. The methodology is based on a techno-morpho-functional and traceological analysis of the artefacts, coupled with the creation of a specific experimental frame of reference. These approaches allow us to distinguish among five tool types. Three groups of tools present a transverse opposition between their cutting edges and gripping zones, while the other two groups present an oblique opposition. These functional structures refer to different gestures. However, the size and weight characteristics of the artefacts, as well as the angle of the cutting edges, allow us to propose a mode of action in direct launched percussion. This hypothesis was experimentally tested on wood and fresh bone to verify, on the one hand, the effectiveness of these tools for these activities and, on the other hand, to analyze the damage produced on the cutting edges and compare it to the archeological tools. The data obtained experimentally support the hypothesis that launched percussion was used in these five groups of sharp-edged macro-tools. We discuss the implications of these results for the characterization of the first phases of the European Acheulean. Indeed, beyond the presence of a biface, the production of massive flakes as tool supports may be perceived as a technological innovation in Europe, possibly characterizing an evolution of cognitive order. At the same time, the use of these sharp tools in launched percussion could indicate that hominins were exploiting their environments in new ways. Finally, this article brings new elements of reflection to the debate on the origins of the European Acheulean.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81956500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-22DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a7
B. Martínez-Navarro, L. Pandolfi, T. Medin, Yosief Libsekal, M. Ghinassi, M. Papini, L. Rook
An almost complete cranium of a juvenile individual from the late Early Pleistocene site of Buia, in the northern Afar (Danakil) Basin in Eritrea, reveals a different growth pattern of the extinct species Hippopotamus gorgops Dietrich, 1928 compared to the extant species Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758. The specimen shows important cranial features of Hip. gorgops (also visible in adult specimens), with a derived cranial anatomy that is related to the specialization to a more aquatic life style than other species of Hippopotamidae: elevated nuchal and sagittal crests, strongly elevated orbital cavities, short neurocranium and elongated palate. A geometric morphometrics analysis was performed in the lateral view on skulls of Hip. gorgops and Hip. amphibius, to investigate size-shape relationship and to compare ontogenetic growth trajectories between both taxa. The study revealed that, during growth (increase in size and age), variations in skull shape are prominent in Hip. amphibius; juvenile and adult individuals of Hip. gorgops display strong morphological similarities but size and shape are poorly correlated. The results support the hypothesis that in a relatively early ontogenetic stage, Hip. gorgops was more specialized in its aquatic adaptation than Hip. amphibius.
{"title":"The ontogenetic pattern of Hippopotamus gorgops Dietrich, 1928 revealed by a juvenile cranium from the one-million-years-old paleoanthropological site of Buia (Eritrea)","authors":"B. Martínez-Navarro, L. Pandolfi, T. Medin, Yosief Libsekal, M. Ghinassi, M. Papini, L. Rook","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a7","url":null,"abstract":"An almost complete cranium of a juvenile individual from the late Early Pleistocene site of Buia, in the northern Afar (Danakil) Basin in Eritrea, reveals a different growth pattern of the extinct species Hippopotamus gorgops Dietrich, 1928 compared to the extant species Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758. The specimen shows important cranial features of Hip. gorgops (also visible in adult specimens), with a derived cranial anatomy that is related to the specialization to a more aquatic life style than other species of Hippopotamidae: elevated nuchal and sagittal crests, strongly elevated orbital cavities, short neurocranium and elongated palate. A geometric morphometrics analysis was performed in the lateral view on skulls of Hip. gorgops and Hip. amphibius, to investigate size-shape relationship and to compare ontogenetic growth trajectories between both taxa. The study revealed that, during growth (increase in size and age), variations in skull shape are prominent in Hip. amphibius; juvenile and adult individuals of Hip. gorgops display strong morphological similarities but size and shape are poorly correlated. The results support the hypothesis that in a relatively early ontogenetic stage, Hip. gorgops was more specialized in its aquatic adaptation than Hip. amphibius.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89926739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a6
Vahram Serobyan, T. Danelian, C. Crônier, A. Grigoryan, Bernard Mottequin
The new genus Aramazdospirifer n. gen. (Cyrtospiriferidae) is erected to include Spirifer orbelianus Abich, 1858 from the lower Famennian of Central Armenia as its type species and to refute long-standing claims related to the affinities of the latter. The micro-ornament and internal structure of this species are investigated and documented for the first time, on the basis of recently collected material from the Ertych horizon of three different sections. Additionally, a neotype is selected for Abich’s species as the type material is lost. Aramazdospirifer orbelianus (Abich, 1858) n. comb. is a biostratigraphically important species for the lower Famennian strata of the Lesser Caucasus. It appears to be restricted to the South-Armenian Block; reports outside this Gondwanan area are discussed and discarded.
新属Aramazdospirifer n. gen (Cyrtospiriferidae)被建立，包括Spirifer orbelianus Abich, 1858年来自亚美尼亚中部的下法米尼亚，作为其模式物种，并反驳了长期以来有关后者亲缘关系的说法。根据最近收集到的三个不同剖面的厄提奇层的材料，首次对该物种的微装饰和内部结构进行了调查和记录。此外，由于模式材料丢失，Abich的物种被选择为新型。Aramazdospirifer orbelianus (Abich, 1858) n.梳子。是小高加索地区法门阶下地层重要的生物地层学物种。它似乎只限于南亚美尼亚集团;冈瓦南地区以外的报告被讨论和丢弃。
{"title":"Aramazdospirifer orbelianus (Abich, 1858) n. comb., a new cyrtospiriferid brachiopod genus and a biostratigraphically important species from the lower Famennian (Upper Devonian) of Armenia","authors":"Vahram Serobyan, T. Danelian, C. Crônier, A. Grigoryan, Bernard Mottequin","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a6","url":null,"abstract":"The new genus Aramazdospirifer n. gen. (Cyrtospiriferidae) is erected to include Spirifer orbelianus Abich, 1858 from the lower Famennian of Central Armenia as its type species and to refute long-standing claims related to the affinities of the latter. The micro-ornament and internal structure of this species are investigated and documented for the first time, on the basis of recently collected material from the Ertych horizon of three different sections. Additionally, a neotype is selected for Abich’s species as the type material is lost. Aramazdospirifer orbelianus (Abich, 1858) n. comb. is a biostratigraphically important species for the lower Famennian strata of the Lesser Caucasus. It appears to be restricted to the South-Armenian Block; reports outside this Gondwanan area are discussed and discarded.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83132110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a5
C. Viallet, undefined Théo MINET, undefined Paul FERNANDES, undefined Mathieu RUÉ, undefined Aurélie AJAS, undefined Pascal TALLET, Sébastien Bernard-Guelle
The preventive archaeological excavation of the Bois de l’Hôpital site (Saint-Sulpice-la-Pointe, Tarn, France), between November 2015 and April 2016 (Bernard-Guelle et al. 2016), uncovered several archaeological layers dating back to the Upper Pleistocene set in an unprecedented/original context for the Tarn’s lower valley’s Middle Paleolithic. The main level (archeological unit UA3) displays a lithic industry mainly manufactured on quartz, sometimes quartzite or flint, related to a Mousterian technological complex. The product of anvil discoid and Levallois debitage technique, the tools made from flakes (mostly scrapers and denticulates) coexist with pebble tools. Rarely the subject of a detailed study – particularly in Mousterian collections – the pebble tools’ operating chain (chaîne opératoire) has been described, functional purposes included. This technological, morphological and functional analysis identifies several tool groups and is able to link some of them to specific mode of action on material, comparing them with an experimental data repository. The study of the macro-tools from archaeological unit UA3 emphasizes: 1) their high proportion among the tools; 2) an important structural variety among those specific tools; and that 3) most of them are consistent with a cast percussion motion, possibly related to bone-fracturing process. These results prompt us to continue developing the technological and morphological analysis of those tools, whose inherited or reinvested (compared to Lower Paleolithic technological complexes) or alleged functions seem to result in a lack of interest from the researchers. They call for the collection of more experimental data repositories in order to compare other quartz and quartzite macro-tools sets, often described in the Tarn basin during MIS5 and MIS3.
2015年11月至2016年4月(Bernard-Guelle et al. 2016)，对Bois de l 'Hôpital遗址(法国塔恩省saint -叙尔皮斯-la- pointe)进行了预防性考古发掘，发现了几个可追溯到上更新世的考古层，这些考古层位于塔恩河下游河谷旧石器时代中期前所未有的原始环境中。主层(考古单位UA3)显示了一个主要以石英(有时是石英岩或燧石)为原料的石制工业，与莫斯特技术综合体有关。作为铁砧盘和勒瓦卢瓦破坏技术的产物，由薄片(主要是刮刀和齿状)制成的工具与卵石工具共存。很少有详细研究的主题——特别是在莫斯特收藏中——描述了卵石工具的操作链(cha ne opsamatoire)，包括功能目的。这种技术、形态和功能分析确定了几个工具组，并能够将其中一些与材料的特定作用模式联系起来，并将它们与实验数据存储库进行比较。对UA3考古单元宏观工具的研究强调:1)它们在工具中所占比例高;2)这些特定工具中重要的结构变化;其中大部分都符合铸造撞击运动，可能与骨折过程有关。这些结果促使我们继续发展这些工具的技术和形态分析，其继承或再投资(与旧石器时代较低的技术复合体相比)或所谓的功能似乎导致研究人员缺乏兴趣。他们呼吁收集更多的实验数据库，以便比较其他石英和石英岩宏观工具集，这些工具集通常在MIS5和MIS3期间在Tarn盆地描述。
{"title":"L’outillage façonné utilisé en percussion lancée du site paléolithique moyen du Bois de l’Hôpital (Saint-Sulpice-la-Pointe, Tarn)","authors":"C. Viallet, undefined Théo MINET, undefined Paul FERNANDES, undefined Mathieu RUÉ, undefined Aurélie AJAS, undefined Pascal TALLET, Sébastien Bernard-Guelle","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a5","url":null,"abstract":"The preventive archaeological excavation of the Bois de l’Hôpital site (Saint-Sulpice-la-Pointe, Tarn, France), between November 2015 and April 2016 (Bernard-Guelle et al. 2016), uncovered several archaeological layers dating back to the Upper Pleistocene set in an unprecedented/original context for the Tarn’s lower valley’s Middle Paleolithic. The main level (archeological unit UA3) displays a lithic industry mainly manufactured on quartz, sometimes quartzite or flint, related to a Mousterian technological complex. The product of anvil discoid and Levallois debitage technique, the tools made from flakes (mostly scrapers and denticulates) coexist with pebble tools. Rarely the subject of a detailed study – particularly in Mousterian collections – the pebble tools’ operating chain (chaîne opératoire) has been described, functional purposes included. This technological, morphological and functional analysis identifies several tool groups and is able to link some of them to specific mode of action on material, comparing them with an experimental data repository. The study of the macro-tools from archaeological unit UA3 emphasizes: 1) their high proportion among the tools; 2) an important structural variety among those specific tools; and that 3) most of them are consistent with a cast percussion motion, possibly related to bone-fracturing process. These results prompt us to continue developing the technological and morphological analysis of those tools, whose inherited or reinvested (compared to Lower Paleolithic technological complexes) or alleged functions seem to result in a lack of interest from the researchers. They call for the collection of more experimental data repositories in order to compare other quartz and quartzite macro-tools sets, often described in the Tarn basin during MIS5 and MIS3.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85326858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a4
S. Ducrocq, A. Soe, C. Sein, Y. Chaimanee, O. Chavasseau, J. Jaeger
The diversity of basal ungulates is significant in the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation (Myanmar). However, the precise identification or attribution of some fossils is sometimes difficult because of the scarcity and poor preservation of the material. We describe here a new genus and species of a Dichobunidae from Paukkaung Kyitchaung 2 locality, that is morphologically and probably phylogenetically close to a taxon from the early-middle Eocene of Pakistan, and we discuss the attribution of dental material to Myanmarius chitseini Tsubamoto, Egi, Takai, Htike & Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein, 2013, an inderterminate artiodactyl from Pondaung. This study also confirms that dispersals were possible between the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia during the first part of the Eocene.
{"title":"Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp., a new Dichobunidae (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) from the middle Eocene Pondaung Formation, Myanmar","authors":"S. Ducrocq, A. Soe, C. Sein, Y. Chaimanee, O. Chavasseau, J. Jaeger","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a4","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of basal ungulates is significant in the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation (Myanmar). However, the precise identification or attribution of some fossils is sometimes difficult because of the scarcity and poor preservation of the material. We describe here a new genus and species of a Dichobunidae from Paukkaung Kyitchaung 2 locality, that is morphologically and probably phylogenetically close to a taxon from the early-middle Eocene of Pakistan, and we discuss the attribution of dental material to Myanmarius chitseini Tsubamoto, Egi, Takai, Htike & Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein, 2013, an inderterminate artiodactyl from Pondaung. This study also confirms that dispersals were possible between the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia during the first part of the Eocene.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79213311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-12DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a2
E. Randolfe, J. Rustán, Arnaud Bignon
Three new Lower Devonian dalmanitid trilobite taxa are recognized from the Talacasto Formation in the Precordillera Basin, Argentina, which includes two monospecific genera (Ivanites leonorae n. gen., n. sp. and Aguaditaspis mediaspina n. gen., n. sp.), and one additional new genus and species left in open nomenclature. These taxa combine characters of the subfamilies Dalmanitinae Vogdes, 1890 and Synphoriinae Delo, 1935, challenging their taxonomic distinction. Forty percent of the dalmanitids from high paleolatitudinal basins from southwestern Gondwana (Malvinokaffric) exhibit non-homologous dorsal spinosity. Aguaditaspis mediaspina n. gen., n. sp. shares similar spines with Trypaulites calypso (Hall, 1861). The unnamed new genus resembles the spinosity of endemic Malvinokaffric dalmanitids, like Dalmanitoides Delo, 1935 and Fenestraspis Braniša & Vaněk, 1973. Considered defensive, the recorded spinosity along with putative sublethal-attack marks, suggest higher predation pressure than previously thought at high paleolatitudes. This evidence is in accordance with some hypothesis on rising predation pressure in the mid-Paleozoic marine ecosystems.
在阿根廷Precordillera盆地Talacasto组发现了3个新的下泥盆统dalmanitid三叶虫分类群，包括2个单属(Ivanites leonorae n. gen.， n. sp.和Aguaditaspis mediaspina n. gen.， n. sp.)和1个开放命名的新属和新种。这些分类群结合了Dalmanitinae Vogdes(1890)和Synphoriinae Delo(1935)亚科的特征，挑战了它们的分类区别。冈瓦纳西南部高古纬度盆地中，40%的dalmanitid表现出非同源背棘。Aguaditaspis mediaspina n. gen.， n. sp.与锥虫(Trypaulites calypso)有相似的刺(Hall, 1861)。这个未命名的新属类似于Malvinokaffric dalmaniids特有的刺，如Dalmanitoides Delo(1935)和Fenestraspis Braniša & van k(1973)。考虑到防御，记录的刺和假定的亚致命攻击痕迹表明，在高古纬度地区，比以前认为的更高的捕食压力。这一证据与中古生代海洋生态系统捕食压力上升的一些假设是一致的。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a1
M. Laurin, Marcel Humar
The influential Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE) is almost unanimously acclaimed as the founder of zoology. There is a consensus that he was interested in attributes of animals, but whether or not he tried to develop a zoological taxonomy remains controversial. Fürst von Lieven and Humar compiled a data matrix from Aristotle’s Historia animalium and showed, through a parsimony analysis published in 2008, that these data produced a hierarchy that matched several taxa recognized by Aristotle. However, their analysis leaves some questions unanswered because random data can sometimes yield fairly resolved trees. In this study, we update the scores of many cells and add four new characters to the data matrix (147 taxa scored for 161 characters) and quote passages from Aristotle’s Historia animalium to justify these changes. We confirm the presence of a phylogenetic signal in these data through a test using skewness in length distribution of a million random trees, which shows that many of the characters discussed by Aristotle were systematically relevant. Our parsimony analyses on the updated matrix recover far more trees than reported by Fürst von Lieven and Humar, but their consensus includes many taxa that Aristotle recognized and apparently named for the first time, such as selachē (selachians) and dithyra (Bivalvia Linnaeus, 1758). This study suggests that even though taxonomy was obviously not Aristotle’s chief interest in Historia animalium, it was probably among his secondary interests. These results may pave the way for further taxonomic studies in Aristotle’s zoological writings in general. Despite being almost peripheral to Aristotle’s writings, his taxonomic contributions are clearly major achievements.
颇具影响力的希腊哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384-322年)几乎被一致誉为动物学的创始人。人们一致认为他对动物的属性感兴趣，但他是否试图建立一种动物分类学仍然存在争议。frst von Lieven和Humar从亚里士多德的《动物史》中编译了一个数据矩阵，并通过2008年发表的一项简约分析显示，这些数据产生了一个与亚里士多德所认识的几个分类群相匹配的等级。然而，他们的分析留下了一些悬而未决的问题，因为随机数据有时可以产生相当确定的树。在这项研究中，我们更新了许多细胞的分数，并在数据矩阵中添加了四个新字符(147个分类群为161个字符评分)，并引用了亚里士多德的《动物历史》中的段落来证明这些更改的合理性。我们通过使用100万随机树的长度分布的偏度测试，证实了这些数据中存在系统发育信号，这表明亚里士多德讨论的许多特征是系统相关的。我们对更新后的矩阵进行了简化分析，恢复了比 rst von Lieven和Humar报道的更多的树，但他们的共识包括许多亚里士多德认识并显然是第一次命名的分类群，如selachi (selachians)和dithyra (Bivalvia Linnaeus, 1758)。这项研究表明，尽管分类学显然不是亚里士多德在《动物史》中的主要兴趣，但它可能是他的次要兴趣之一。这些结果可能为亚里士多德的动物学著作中进一步的分类研究铺平道路。尽管他在亚里斯多德的著作中几乎处于次要地位，但他对分类学的贡献显然是主要成就。
{"title":"Phylogenetic signal in characters from Aristotle’s History of Animals","authors":"M. Laurin, Marcel Humar","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a1","url":null,"abstract":"The influential Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE) is almost unanimously acclaimed as the founder of zoology. There is a consensus that he was interested in attributes of animals, but whether or not he tried to develop a zoological taxonomy remains controversial. Fürst von Lieven and Humar compiled a data matrix from Aristotle’s Historia animalium and showed, through a parsimony analysis published in 2008, that these data produced a hierarchy that matched several taxa recognized by Aristotle. However, their analysis leaves some questions unanswered because random data can sometimes yield fairly resolved trees. In this study, we update the scores of many cells and add four new characters to the data matrix (147 taxa scored for 161 characters) and quote passages from Aristotle’s Historia animalium to justify these changes. We confirm the presence of a phylogenetic signal in these data through a test using skewness in length distribution of a million random trees, which shows that many of the characters discussed by Aristotle were systematically relevant. Our parsimony analyses on the updated matrix recover far more trees than reported by Fürst von Lieven and Humar, but their consensus includes many taxa that Aristotle recognized and apparently named for the first time, such as selachē (selachians) and dithyra (Bivalvia Linnaeus, 1758). This study suggests that even though taxonomy was obviously not Aristotle’s chief interest in Historia animalium, it was probably among his secondary interests. These results may pave the way for further taxonomic studies in Aristotle’s zoological writings in general. Despite being almost peripheral to Aristotle’s writings, his taxonomic contributions are clearly major achievements.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82477227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a46
Anna Kozłowska
On page 933, the paragraph “Diagnosis” of the new genus Hoffmanigraptus n. gen. is missing. The “Diagnosis” paragraph has been reproduced here.
在第933页，新属Hoffmanigraptus n. gen的“诊断”一段缺失。这里转载了“诊断”一段。
{"title":"Erratum: volume 20 (45) 2021: 931-939, December 13, 2021. Hoffmanigraptus n. gen., a new retiolitine (Graptolithina), an early member of the Plectograptus lineage from the Silurian of Baltica, Poland","authors":"Anna Kozłowska","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a46","url":null,"abstract":"On page 933, the paragraph “Diagnosis” of the new genus Hoffmanigraptus n. gen. is missing. The “Diagnosis” paragraph has been reproduced here.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79567386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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