Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a20
M. Venczel, V. Codrea
Here we describe a new eusuchian crocodyliform, collected 130 years ago from a shallow marine limestone of the late Eocene (Priabonian) fossil locality of Cluj-Mănăștur, Transylvania, Romania. Diplocynodon kochi n. sp. is represented by a three-dimensionally preserved incomplete skull that may have belonged to a mature individual. The new taxon possesses a relatively narrow and elongated snout and a mediolaterally shallow but anteroposteriorly wide premaxillary-maxillary notch, strengthened by a prominent bony ridge. The nasals are excluded from the naris and the anterior tip of the frontal forms a broad, complex sutural contact with the nasals. Diplocynodon kochi n. sp. possesses, similarly to other members of the genus, 16-17 maxillary alveoli of which the fourth and fifth alveoli are enlarged and confluent; the lacrimal is longer than the prefrontal; the ectopterygoid is situated close to the posteriormost maxillary tooth alveoli, the dorsal margin of the infratemporal fenestra is bordered by the quadratojugal, preventing the quadrate from reaching the fenestra, and the foramen aëreum is situated on the dorsal surface of the quadrate. The occurrence of D. kochi n. sp. in the Priabonian of the eastern part of Central Europe suggests that the genus was still present and probably widespread across the continent that contributed probably to its survival (at least locally) across the Eocene/Oligocene boundary.
在这里，我们描述了一种新的eusuchian鳄鱼形，它是在130年前从罗马尼亚特兰西瓦尼亚Cluj-Mănăștur晚始新世(Priabonian)化石地点的浅海石灰岩中收集的。高知双齿龙(Diplocynodon kochi n. sp.)以一个三维保存的不完整头骨为代表，可能属于一个成熟的个体。这个新分类群具有一个相对狭窄和细长的口部和一个中侧面浅但正面宽的上颌前-上颌缺口，由一个突出的骨脊加强。鼻被排除在鼻孔之外，额叶的前端与鼻形成一个广泛而复杂的缝合接触。与属的其他成员相似，双齿龙具有16-17个上颌肺泡，其中第4和第5肺泡扩大并汇合;泪道比前额叶长;外睑肌位于最后方的上颌牙槽附近，颞下孔的背缘与斜方肌接壤，使方肌无法到达斜方肌，孔aëreum位于方肌的背表面。在中欧东部Priabonian出现的d.k ochi n. sp.表明该属仍然存在并且可能在整个大陆广泛分布，这可能有助于其在始新世/渐新世边界上的生存(至少在局部)。
{"title":"A new late Eocene alligatoroid crocodyliform from Transylvania","authors":"M. Venczel, V. Codrea","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a20","url":null,"abstract":"Here we describe a new eusuchian crocodyliform, collected 130 years ago from a shallow marine limestone of the late Eocene (Priabonian) fossil locality of Cluj-Mănăștur, Transylvania, Romania. Diplocynodon kochi n. sp. is represented by a three-dimensionally preserved incomplete skull that may have belonged to a mature individual. The new taxon possesses a relatively narrow and elongated snout and a mediolaterally shallow but anteroposteriorly wide premaxillary-maxillary notch, strengthened by a prominent bony ridge. The nasals are excluded from the naris and the anterior tip of the frontal forms a broad, complex sutural contact with the nasals. Diplocynodon kochi n. sp. possesses, similarly to other members of the genus, 16-17 maxillary alveoli of which the fourth and fifth alveoli are enlarged and confluent; the lacrimal is longer than the prefrontal; the ectopterygoid is situated close to the posteriormost maxillary tooth alveoli, the dorsal margin of the infratemporal fenestra is bordered by the quadratojugal, preventing the quadrate from reaching the fenestra, and the foramen aëreum is situated on the dorsal surface of the quadrate. The occurrence of D. kochi n. sp. in the Priabonian of the eastern part of Central Europe suggests that the genus was still present and probably widespread across the continent that contributed probably to its survival (at least locally) across the Eocene/Oligocene boundary.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76423473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a19
undefined Fanny GAVÉRIAUX, undefined Laurent BOUBY, P. Marinval, undefined Isàbel FIGUEIRAL, D. Binder, undefined Pierrick FOUÉRÉ, Karim Gernigon, undefined Vanessa LÉA, undefined Anne HASLER, A. Vignaud, G. Goude
Stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N) of human bones have been crucial for understanding the diets of Neolithic societies. However, isotopic measurements of wild and cultivated vegetal resources have not as yet been integrated into reconstructions of human diets. This study explores the isotopic variations in seed and fruit remains from seven Neolithic sites in Southern France. It aims to understand environmental and/or anthropic factors that could influence the isotopic ratios. These data are then included in a dietary model for individuals found at the same sites or nearby. Analysis of botanical remains indicate that similar environments do not provide homogeneous values. For some sites, results suggest different cultivation practices according to species. The dietary models confirm some interpretations previously proposed, including a diversity in the dietary habits at one site. However, some aspects of the diet could have been under-estimated, such as the consumption of wild food plants.
{"title":"L’alimentation des premières sociétés agropastorales du Sud de la France : premières données isotopiques sur des graines et fruits carbonisés néolithiques et essais de modélisation","authors":"undefined Fanny GAVÉRIAUX, undefined Laurent BOUBY, P. Marinval, undefined Isàbel FIGUEIRAL, D. Binder, undefined Pierrick FOUÉRÉ, Karim Gernigon, undefined Vanessa LÉA, undefined Anne HASLER, A. Vignaud, G. Goude","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a19","url":null,"abstract":"Stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N) of human bones have been crucial for understanding the diets of Neolithic societies. However, isotopic measurements of wild and cultivated vegetal resources have not as yet been integrated into reconstructions of human diets. This study explores the isotopic variations in seed and fruit remains from seven Neolithic sites in Southern France. It aims to understand environmental and/or anthropic factors that could influence the isotopic ratios. These data are then included in a dietary model for individuals found at the same sites or nearby. Analysis of botanical remains indicate that similar environments do not provide homogeneous values. For some sites, results suggest different cultivation practices according to species. The dietary models confirm some interpretations previously proposed, including a diversity in the dietary habits at one site. However, some aspects of the diet could have been under-estimated, such as the consumption of wild food plants.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84090966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a18
undefined Iluminada ORTEGA†, Joseba Rios-Garaizar, Laurence. Bourguignon
In order to illustrate the launched percussion activities during the Early Aurignacian, we have selected four of the 15 sites appertaining to this technocomplex in the Bergerac region, in Southwestern France. The occupation of this territory, very rich in good quality flint nodules, some of which display imposing morphologies and dimensions, shows a certain functional complementarity between the different Aurignacian occupations, from the specialized occupation to the habitat site. In addition to technological particularities, such as the production of large blades (greater than 20 cm) or the coexistence of curved and straight lamellar production systems, this Early Aurignacian also illustrates some remarkable symbolic behavior expressed in body ornaments and artistic depictions. In these sites, the tools used in launched percussion, although always present, represent a marginal tool category, showing also a great diversity of functions. Three major classes of tools have been recognized: blunt impact tools, sharp impact tools, and linear blunt tools (an intermediate form between the other two). Each of these groups is oriented towards complementary uses within the range of activities made in these occupations. The blunt impact tools comprise a wide range of hammer-stones that take part in different phases of knapping activities, such as the opening of new blocks or the reconfiguration of cores, according to their physical and mechanical properties. Also, the traces left by these hammers are visible on other artifacts left on the sites, such as notches of carinated end-scrapers. The sharp impact tools comprises a diversified range of cutting tools made on different blanks (preforms, cortical flakes, blades) obtained in laminar production. These tools present a particular morpho-functional structure of active or prehensive parts, natural or made, that improves an ergonomy essentially based on mass. This ergonomy, combined with the kinetics of launched percussion, gives these tools a great efficiency in chopping medium and hard organic materials. Finally, the linear blunt tools is represented by a single tool with blunt linear active zones, formed by open dihedrals with angles between 85 and 115°. The kind of activity made with this tool seems different, it bears traces of recurrent impacts similar to those present on tools used for grinding, pounding or crushing, suggesting also the presence of an anvil. These tools are very often associated with the transformation of plants. This panoply of diversified percussive tools complements the activities perceived on the other cutting and scrapping tools. This, again, illustrates the variety of activities made at this sites, basically the acquisition and transformation of organic perishable materials (of plant and animal origins), contributing to demonstrate that the Early Aurignacian occupations of the Bergeracois are much more complex thansimple flint workshops.
{"title":"La percussion lancée dans l’Aurignacien ancien du Bergeracois : quelques exemples issus des sites de Barbas III, Vieux Coutets, Les Garris et Cantalouette II (Dordogne, France)","authors":"undefined Iluminada ORTEGA†, Joseba Rios-Garaizar, Laurence. Bourguignon","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a18","url":null,"abstract":"In order to illustrate the launched percussion activities during the Early Aurignacian, we have selected four of the 15 sites appertaining to this technocomplex in the Bergerac region, in Southwestern France. The occupation of this territory, very rich in good quality flint nodules, some of which display imposing morphologies and dimensions, shows a certain functional complementarity between the different Aurignacian occupations, from the specialized occupation to the habitat site. In addition to technological particularities, such as the production of large blades (greater than 20 cm) or the coexistence of curved and straight lamellar production systems, this Early Aurignacian also illustrates some remarkable symbolic behavior expressed in body ornaments and artistic depictions. In these sites, the tools used in launched percussion, although always present, represent a marginal tool category, showing also a great diversity of functions. Three major classes of tools have been recognized: blunt impact tools, sharp impact tools, and linear blunt tools (an intermediate form between the other two). Each of these groups is oriented towards complementary uses within the range of activities made in these occupations. The blunt impact tools comprise a wide range of hammer-stones that take part in different phases of knapping activities, such as the opening of new blocks or the reconfiguration of cores, according to their physical and mechanical properties. Also, the traces left by these hammers are visible on other artifacts left on the sites, such as notches of carinated end-scrapers. The sharp impact tools comprises a diversified range of cutting tools made on different blanks (preforms, cortical flakes, blades) obtained in laminar production. These tools present a particular morpho-functional structure of active or prehensive parts, natural or made, that improves an ergonomy essentially based on mass. This ergonomy, combined with the kinetics of launched percussion, gives these tools a great efficiency in chopping medium and hard organic materials. Finally, the linear blunt tools is represented by a single tool with blunt linear active zones, formed by open dihedrals with angles between 85 and 115°. The kind of activity made with this tool seems different, it bears traces of recurrent impacts similar to those present on tools used for grinding, pounding or crushing, suggesting also the presence of an anvil. These tools are very often associated with the transformation of plants. This panoply of diversified percussive tools complements the activities perceived on the other cutting and scrapping tools. This, again, illustrates the variety of activities made at this sites, basically the acquisition and transformation of organic perishable materials (of plant and animal origins), contributing to demonstrate that the Early Aurignacian occupations of the Bergeracois are much more complex thansimple flint workshops.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83616715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-05DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a17
M. Sena, R. Andrade, L. B. Carvalho, S. Azevedo, J. Sayão, undefined Gustavo Ribeiro OLIVEIRA
Mariliasuchus amarali Carvalho & Bertini, 1999 was a terrestrial quadruped crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of the Bauru Group, Brazil. In this paper we present the first study of the bone histology of this species. Moderate growth rate, interspersed by growth marks, was observed in thin sections of a rib and appendicular bones; growth patterns observed in M. amaralis appear similar to those observed in Triassic archosauriforms. The M. amarali cross-sections indicate growth variability between both the axial and appendicular bones. Distinctive remodeling processes were found in the radius, which had extensive inner cortex remodeling composed of compacted coarse cancellous bone. Furthermore, the medullary region was infilled with spongy bone.
{"title":"Paleohistology of the crocodyliform Mariliasuchus amarali Carvalho & Bertini, 1999 (Mesoeucrocodylia, Notosuchia) based on a new specimen from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil","authors":"M. Sena, R. Andrade, L. B. Carvalho, S. Azevedo, J. Sayão, undefined Gustavo Ribeiro OLIVEIRA","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a17","url":null,"abstract":"Mariliasuchus amarali Carvalho & Bertini, 1999 was a terrestrial quadruped crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of the Bauru Group, Brazil. In this paper we present the first study of the bone histology of this species. Moderate growth rate, interspersed by growth marks, was observed in thin sections of a rib and appendicular bones; growth patterns observed in M. amaralis appear similar to those observed in Triassic archosauriforms. The M. amarali cross-sections indicate growth variability between both the axial and appendicular bones. Distinctive remodeling processes were found in the radius, which had extensive inner cortex remodeling composed of compacted coarse cancellous bone. Furthermore, the medullary region was infilled with spongy bone.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84821107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a16
M. A. Armella, M. D. Ercoli, Ricardo Bonini, D. Garcia-Lopez
Pachyrukhinae (Hegetotheriidae, Notoungulata) is a highly frequent clade in the Late Miocene-Pliocene outcrops of southern South America. In Argentina, two genera have been recognized for this span: Tremacyllus Ameghino, 1891 and Paedotherium Burmeister, 1888. The simplified euhypsodont dentition of these Neogene forms creates significant difficulties when cheek teeth are described for systematic purposes. Tremacyllus has been scarcely studied in comparison with Paedotherium, and taxonomic analyses have interpreted diagnostic features as intraspecific variations and proposed the monospecific status of the genus. Given the discussion regarding the validity of Tremacyllus species and the fact that dental elements are the most abundant remains in the fossil record, we employed a quantitative framework provided by geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics to discriminating intra- from interspecific variability by tooth outline. We analyzed a large sample of 82 specimens and two hypotheses were tested: 1) there are morphological gaps within the analyzed sample; and 2) morphology follows a pattern of geographical variation within the sample, suitable for recognition of species. We found that morphological variability is organized into two clusters. Morphological gaps are associated with geographical patterns in the P4 and upper premolars datasets. Based on the classification of the type specimens and supported cluster structure, we recognize Tremacyllus incipiens Rovereto, 1914 as a valid taxon, endemic from western outcrops of Northwestern Argentina. Segregation between northern and southern morphologies agrees with two different palaeo-phytogeographic provinces. This approach proved to be very effective to address intra- and interspecific variation and contribute to the knowledge of available techniques to assess morphological variation.
{"title":"Detecting morphological gaps in tooth outlines of a Pachyrukhinae (Hegetotheriidae, Notoungulata) lineage: systematic and palaeobiogeographical significance of the records from Northwestern Argentina","authors":"M. A. Armella, M. D. Ercoli, Ricardo Bonini, D. Garcia-Lopez","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a16","url":null,"abstract":"Pachyrukhinae (Hegetotheriidae, Notoungulata) is a highly frequent clade in the Late Miocene-Pliocene outcrops of southern South America. In Argentina, two genera have been recognized for this span: Tremacyllus Ameghino, 1891 and Paedotherium Burmeister, 1888. The simplified euhypsodont dentition of these Neogene forms creates significant difficulties when cheek teeth are described for systematic purposes. Tremacyllus has been scarcely studied in comparison with Paedotherium, and taxonomic analyses have interpreted diagnostic features as intraspecific variations and proposed the monospecific status of the genus. Given the discussion regarding the validity of Tremacyllus species and the fact that dental elements are the most abundant remains in the fossil record, we employed a quantitative framework provided by geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics to discriminating intra- from interspecific variability by tooth outline. We analyzed a large sample of 82 specimens and two hypotheses were tested: 1) there are morphological gaps within the analyzed sample; and 2) morphology follows a pattern of geographical variation within the sample, suitable for recognition of species. We found that morphological variability is organized into two clusters. Morphological gaps are associated with geographical patterns in the P4 and upper premolars datasets. Based on the classification of the type specimens and supported cluster structure, we recognize Tremacyllus incipiens Rovereto, 1914 as a valid taxon, endemic from western outcrops of Northwestern Argentina. Segregation between northern and southern morphologies agrees with two different palaeo-phytogeographic provinces. This approach proved to be very effective to address intra- and interspecific variation and contribute to the knowledge of available techniques to assess morphological variation.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74651366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a13
Alexandru A. Solomon, V. Codrea, M. Venczel, T. Smith
Surprisingly, after the Early Cretaceous taxonomic diversity recorded in Europe, which probably is largely an artifact of inadequate taxonomy and inflation of taxa, multituberculate mammals became extremely scarce in the Late Cretaceous in this continent, being reported exclusively from the uppermost Cretaceous continental deposits of the so-called “Hațeg Island” in Transylvania, Romania. Such mammals have been documented from the Hațeg and Rusca Montană sedimentary basins, as well as from the southwestern area of the Transylvanian Basin. All these records belong to the endemic family Kogaionidae. The present paper reports additional data related to the smallest Cretaceous kogaionid, Barbatodon oardaensis Codrea, Solomon, Venczel & Smith, 2014 based on a series of new isolated teeth recovered mainly from the type locality, Oarda de Jos (Oarda A). Furthermore, the fossil localities Oarda B and Vălioara are other new occurrences for the species. Based on this new material, the intraspecific variability of B. oardaensis is confirmed and its presence is attested in the three basins. Details related to the diversity of the “Hațeg Island” kogaionids are also provided.
令人惊讶的是，在欧洲记录的早白垩纪分类多样性之后，多瘤哺乳动物在这个大陆的晚白垩纪变得极其稀少，只报道了在罗马尼亚特兰西瓦尼亚所谓的“Hațeg岛”的白垩纪大陆沉积物。这些哺乳动物在Hațeg和Rusca montani沉积盆地以及特兰西瓦尼亚盆地的西南地区都有记录。这些记录均属于特有科科。本文基于主要在Oarda de Jos (Oarda a)类型地点发现的一系列新的分离牙齿，报道了2014年最小的白垩纪kogaionid, Barbatodon oardaensis Codrea, Solomon, Venczel & Smith。此外，化石地点Oarda B和vlioara是该物种的其他新发现。在此基础上，确认了B. oardaensis的种内变异性，并证实了其在三个盆地的存在。还提供了与“Hațeg岛”科格昂科尼的多样性有关的细节。
{"title":"New data on Barbatodon oardaensis Codrea, Solomon, Venczel & Smith, 2014, the smallest Late Cretaceous multituberculate mammal from Europe","authors":"Alexandru A. Solomon, V. Codrea, M. Venczel, T. Smith","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a13","url":null,"abstract":"Surprisingly, after the Early Cretaceous taxonomic diversity recorded in Europe, which probably is largely an artifact of inadequate taxonomy and inflation of taxa, multituberculate mammals became extremely scarce in the Late Cretaceous in this continent, being reported exclusively from the uppermost Cretaceous continental deposits of the so-called “Hațeg Island” in Transylvania, Romania. Such mammals have been documented from the Hațeg and Rusca Montană sedimentary basins, as well as from the southwestern area of the Transylvanian Basin. All these records belong to the endemic family Kogaionidae. The present paper reports additional data related to the smallest Cretaceous kogaionid, Barbatodon oardaensis Codrea, Solomon, Venczel & Smith, 2014 based on a series of new isolated teeth recovered mainly from the type locality, Oarda de Jos (Oarda A). Furthermore, the fossil localities Oarda B and Vălioara are other new occurrences for the species. Based on this new material, the intraspecific variability of B. oardaensis is confirmed and its presence is attested in the three basins. Details related to the diversity of the “Hațeg Island” kogaionids are also provided.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73936582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-04DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a12
undefined Andrei A. LEGALOV, undefined Alexander G. KIREJTSHUK, A. Nel
A new molytine species, Archaeoheilus gallicus n. sp. from the Paleocene of Menat (France) is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to A. provectus (Scudder, 1876), A. scudderi Legalov, 2018, A. ovalis Legalov, 2018 from the early-middle Eocene Green River Formation, and A. lacoei (Scudder, 1893) from the late Eocene Florissant Formation. But it differs from them in the narrow elytral interstriae. The new species differs also from A. scudderi in the thicker rostrum, larger body size, and wider tarsomeres 2 and 3; and also from A. provectus, A. ovalis, and A. lacoei in the thinner rostrum; from A. provectus and A. lacoei in the smaller body size, and from A. ovalis in the larger body size and antennal scrobes reaching eyes. The key to species of the genus Archaeoheilus Legalov, 2018 is given. The links between the weevil faunas of America and Europe in the Paleogene are discussed.
{"title":"A new species of the genus Archaeoheilus Legalov, 2018 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from the Paleocene of Menat (France)","authors":"undefined Andrei A. LEGALOV, undefined Alexander G. KIREJTSHUK, A. Nel","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a12","url":null,"abstract":"A new molytine species, Archaeoheilus gallicus n. sp. from the Paleocene of Menat (France) is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to A. provectus (Scudder, 1876), A. scudderi Legalov, 2018, A. ovalis Legalov, 2018 from the early-middle Eocene Green River Formation, and A. lacoei (Scudder, 1893) from the late Eocene Florissant Formation. But it differs from them in the narrow elytral interstriae. The new species differs also from A. scudderi in the thicker rostrum, larger body size, and wider tarsomeres 2 and 3; and also from A. provectus, A. ovalis, and A. lacoei in the thinner rostrum; from A. provectus and A. lacoei in the smaller body size, and from A. ovalis in the larger body size and antennal scrobes reaching eyes. The key to species of the genus Archaeoheilus Legalov, 2018 is given. The links between the weevil faunas of America and Europe in the Paleogene are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81572212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a11
V. L. Pietri, G. Mayr, L. Costeur, R. Scofield
Buttonquails (Turnicidae) are morphologically derived, quail-like members of the avian order Charadriiformes (shorebirds) that live in Old World dry tropical and subtropical open habitats. The morphological disparity between modern buttonquails and other shorebirds is bridged by Paleogene stem-group turnicids, which have a less specialised morphology. However, there is currently a large temporal gap in the fossil record between the earliest European buttonquails (early Oligocene) and the youngest pre-Quaternary records (late Miocene). Here we describe two new taxa from France, based on partial humeri, which we refer to Turnicidae gen. et sp. indet. The oldest record stems from deposits from the latest Oligocene, which are part of the Saint-Gérand-le-Puy fossil sites. The younger record is from the early-middle Miocene fissure filling of Vieux-Collonges. In morphology, both taxa are more similar to early Oligocene species of Turnipax Mayr, 2000 than to crown-group turnicids. Although the fossils are too fragmentary to allow ecomorphological interpretations, paleoenvironmental data suggest that, like Paleogene buttonquails, these taxa departed from the adaptations to open arid environments by modern-type turnicids. Our assessments therefore reinforce previous hypotheses that crown-group turnicids probably did not diversify before the late Miocene, and argue in favour of broader ecological preferences in stem-group turnicids.
Buttonquails (Turnicidae)是一种形态衍生的，类似于鹌鹑的鸟目Charadriiformes(滨鸟)成员，生活在旧大陆干燥的热带和亚热带开放栖息地。现代鹌鹑和其他滨鸟之间的形态差异由古近系茎群turnicids弥补，它们的形态不那么专门化。然而，目前欧洲最早的纽扣鹌鹑化石记录(早渐新世)与最年轻的前第四纪记录(晚中新世)之间存在较大的时间差距。本文以部分肱骨为基础，描述了两个法国新分类群Turnicidae gen. et sp. indet。最古老的记录来自最近渐新世的沉积物，它是saint - gsamrand -le- puy化石遗址的一部分。较年轻的记录来自中新世早中期的Vieux-Collonges裂缝充填。在形态上，这两个类群更接近早渐新世的Turnipax Mayr, 2000，而不是冠群turnicids。尽管这些化石太过碎片化，无法进行生态形态学解释，但古环境数据表明，像古近纪的纽扣鹌鹑一样，这些分类群偏离了适应开放干旱环境的现代型turnicids。因此，我们的评估强化了先前的假设，即冠状群turnicids可能在晚中新世之前没有多样化，并支持茎状群turnicids更广泛的生态偏好。
{"title":"New records of buttonquails (Aves, Charadriiformes, Turnicidae) from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe","authors":"V. L. Pietri, G. Mayr, L. Costeur, R. Scofield","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a11","url":null,"abstract":"Buttonquails (Turnicidae) are morphologically derived, quail-like members of the avian order Charadriiformes (shorebirds) that live in Old World dry tropical and subtropical open habitats. The morphological disparity between modern buttonquails and other shorebirds is bridged by Paleogene stem-group turnicids, which have a less specialised morphology. However, there is currently a large temporal gap in the fossil record between the earliest European buttonquails (early Oligocene) and the youngest pre-Quaternary records (late Miocene). Here we describe two new taxa from France, based on partial humeri, which we refer to Turnicidae gen. et sp. indet. The oldest record stems from deposits from the latest Oligocene, which are part of the Saint-Gérand-le-Puy fossil sites. The younger record is from the early-middle Miocene fissure filling of Vieux-Collonges. In morphology, both taxa are more similar to early Oligocene species of Turnipax Mayr, 2000 than to crown-group turnicids. Although the fossils are too fragmentary to allow ecomorphological interpretations, paleoenvironmental data suggest that, like Paleogene buttonquails, these taxa departed from the adaptations to open arid environments by modern-type turnicids. Our assessments therefore reinforce previous hypotheses that crown-group turnicids probably did not diversify before the late Miocene, and argue in favour of broader ecological preferences in stem-group turnicids.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88115653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a10
G. Rodríguez-Gómez, undefined Paul PALMQVIST, undefined Bienvenido MARTÍNEZ-NAVARRO, J. A. Martín-González, José María Bermúndez de Castro
Estimates of adult body mass are usually considered as equivalent of mean population body size in most studies of ancient mammals. However, given that any population is composed in part of subadult individuals, this approach overestimates the mean population body mass and biomass. For this reason, more realistic estimates of mean population body mass should be used. In this paper, we: 1) test five different proxies of population mean mass; and 2) estimate the total prey biomass in the paleoecosystems from the Orce and Atapuerca sites as an approach for estimating their carrying capacity. Our results for past ecosystems support the use of survival profiles derived from the Weibull model (SPW), as they show values in better agreement with those of extant populations. They also estimate higher carrying capacities for the faunal assemblages of Orce than for those of Atapuerca. We suggest that the environmental conditions of Orce could have played an important role in the first peopling of Europe.
{"title":"Mean body size estimation in large mammals and the computation of biomass in past ecosystems: An application to the Pleistocene sites of Orce and Sierra de Atapuerca (Spain)","authors":"G. Rodríguez-Gómez, undefined Paul PALMQVIST, undefined Bienvenido MARTÍNEZ-NAVARRO, J. A. Martín-González, José María Bermúndez de Castro","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a10","url":null,"abstract":"Estimates of adult body mass are usually considered as equivalent of mean population body size in most studies of ancient mammals. However, given that any population is composed in part of subadult individuals, this approach overestimates the mean population body mass and biomass. For this reason, more realistic estimates of mean population body mass should be used. In this paper, we: 1) test five different proxies of population mean mass; and 2) estimate the total prey biomass in the paleoecosystems from the Orce and Atapuerca sites as an approach for estimating their carrying capacity. Our results for past ecosystems support the use of survival profiles derived from the Weibull model (SPW), as they show values in better agreement with those of extant populations. They also estimate higher carrying capacities for the faunal assemblages of Orce than for those of Atapuerca. We suggest that the environmental conditions of Orce could have played an important role in the first peopling of Europe.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85237446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a9
R. Pintore, Arnaud Delapré, R. Lefebvre, Léo Botton-Divet, Alexandra Houssaye, R. Cornette
In this study, we suggest a method adapted to the retrodeformation of asymmetrical objects – such as limb bones – by quantitatively estimating the effectiveness of the Thin-Plate Splines (TPS) interpolation function as a retrodeformation tool. To do so, taphonomic deformations were first simulated on a single horse femur. The original bone was then used as a reference in order to drive the retrodeformation using anatomical landmarks. This approach, based on a single bone, enabled us to evaluate the performance of the retrodeformation procedure. Then, the same approach was performed on a sample of rhino femora but using a different specimen (from the same species) as the reference in order to account for morphological variation. We also added sliding semi-landmarks on anatomical curves. Finally, retrodeformation was applied on a sample of sauropodomorph dinosaur femora by building a mean shape based on several well-preserved fossil specimens. Results show that entirely flattened and stretched bones are more efficiently retrodeformed than bent and twisted bones. Introduction of morphological variation increased the efficiency of retrodeformation for bent and locally stretched bones. The application to the sample of fossils produced similar results but also highlighted the difficulty of retrodeforming bones with a combination of different deformations. TPS interpolation is an efficient tool of retrodeformation for asymmetrical objects, especially for bones with only one affine deformation such as flattening or stretching. Finding a threshold of landmark number to use for this process would be the next step because it would allow us to ensure the quality of retrodeformation while keeping available a reasonable number of landmarks in order to perform shape analysis on retrodeformed bones. Twisted and bent fossils are frequently discovered and we suggest that these kinds of deformations should be studied with caution, especially when combined with other types of taphonomic distortions.
{"title":"The potential and limits of Thin-Plate Spline retrodeformation on asymmetrical objects:simulation of taphonomic deformations andapplication on a fossil sample of limb long bones","authors":"R. Pintore, Arnaud Delapré, R. Lefebvre, Léo Botton-Divet, Alexandra Houssaye, R. Cornette","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a9","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we suggest a method adapted to the retrodeformation of asymmetrical objects – such as limb bones – by quantitatively estimating the effectiveness of the Thin-Plate Splines (TPS) interpolation function as a retrodeformation tool. To do so, taphonomic deformations were first simulated on a single horse femur. The original bone was then used as a reference in order to drive the retrodeformation using anatomical landmarks. This approach, based on a single bone, enabled us to evaluate the performance of the retrodeformation procedure. Then, the same approach was performed on a sample of rhino femora but using a different specimen (from the same species) as the reference in order to account for morphological variation. We also added sliding semi-landmarks on anatomical curves. Finally, retrodeformation was applied on a sample of sauropodomorph dinosaur femora by building a mean shape based on several well-preserved fossil specimens. Results show that entirely flattened and stretched bones are more efficiently retrodeformed than bent and twisted bones. Introduction of morphological variation increased the efficiency of retrodeformation for bent and locally stretched bones. The application to the sample of fossils produced similar results but also highlighted the difficulty of retrodeforming bones with a combination of different deformations. TPS interpolation is an efficient tool of retrodeformation for asymmetrical objects, especially for bones with only one affine deformation such as flattening or stretching. Finding a threshold of landmark number to use for this process would be the next step because it would allow us to ensure the quality of retrodeformation while keeping available a reasonable number of landmarks in order to perform shape analysis on retrodeformed bones. Twisted and bent fossils are frequently discovered and we suggest that these kinds of deformations should be studied with caution, especially when combined with other types of taphonomic distortions.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80408623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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