Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.17559/tv-20220706031646
Se-Jung Lim, Byeong-Mu Shin
: In the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are one essential part. The IoT network commonly consists of WSNs, where hundreds or even thousands of small sensors are capable of sensing, processing, and sending environmental phenomena in the targeted region. The energy consumption imbalance of sensors becomes the cause of the network performance decrement, as sensor nodes have limited energy available for operation after being randomly deployed. Therefore, more research is necessary for the design of energy-efficient routing algorithms in energy-constrained WSNs. This paper focuses on the chain-based routing algorithm, which is a popular algorithm for achieving energy efficiency in WSN-based IoT network. Chain-based routing algorithms offer numerous advantages for WSNs, such as energy conservation and extended lifetime of WSNs. However, they face challenges due to the issue of internal communication imbalance. The objective of our study is to design a novel chain formation scheme that improves the energy consumption imbalance caused by internal communication in WSN-based IoT network. The proposed scheme is categorized in three phases (initial communication phase, chain formation phase, and data collection phase). In the first phase, the sink acquires their location information from sensors deployed in the sensing region. Then the sensing region is separated into sub-regions and with the number of sensor nodes is balanced employing the concept of the k-dimensional binary tree (K-D-B-tree). The sub-regions are organized into a binary tree structure, which is then formed into a chain. Lastly, data is collected along the chain, and the selected representative sensor transmits the collected data to the sink. We utilized the OMNET++ simulator and demonstrated effective simulation results in terms of network lifetime and average residual energy. In the simulation results, a novel chain formation scheme outperforms the power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems (PEGASIS) and the concentric clustering scheme for efficient energy consumption in the PEGASIS (CCS)
{"title":"A Novel Chain Formation Scheme for Balanced Energy Consumption in WSN-based IoT Network","authors":"Se-Jung Lim, Byeong-Mu Shin","doi":"10.17559/tv-20220706031646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17559/tv-20220706031646","url":null,"abstract":": In the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are one essential part. The IoT network commonly consists of WSNs, where hundreds or even thousands of small sensors are capable of sensing, processing, and sending environmental phenomena in the targeted region. The energy consumption imbalance of sensors becomes the cause of the network performance decrement, as sensor nodes have limited energy available for operation after being randomly deployed. Therefore, more research is necessary for the design of energy-efficient routing algorithms in energy-constrained WSNs. This paper focuses on the chain-based routing algorithm, which is a popular algorithm for achieving energy efficiency in WSN-based IoT network. Chain-based routing algorithms offer numerous advantages for WSNs, such as energy conservation and extended lifetime of WSNs. However, they face challenges due to the issue of internal communication imbalance. The objective of our study is to design a novel chain formation scheme that improves the energy consumption imbalance caused by internal communication in WSN-based IoT network. The proposed scheme is categorized in three phases (initial communication phase, chain formation phase, and data collection phase). In the first phase, the sink acquires their location information from sensors deployed in the sensing region. Then the sensing region is separated into sub-regions and with the number of sensor nodes is balanced employing the concept of the k-dimensional binary tree (K-D-B-tree). The sub-regions are organized into a binary tree structure, which is then formed into a chain. Lastly, data is collected along the chain, and the selected representative sensor transmits the collected data to the sink. We utilized the OMNET++ simulator and demonstrated effective simulation results in terms of network lifetime and average residual energy. In the simulation results, a novel chain formation scheme outperforms the power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems (PEGASIS) and the concentric clustering scheme for efficient energy consumption in the PEGASIS (CCS)","PeriodicalId":510054,"journal":{"name":"Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette","volume":"302 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.17559/tv-20230209000341
Zhaohua Wang, Xin Zhu, Yanping Du, S. Dou
: There is an interaction between subway station and the catchment area around the station, the catchment area of subway station on surrounding land is closely related to the connection modes. At present, subway passengers mainly reach subway stations by walking, cycling and bus, and the catchment area of the three connection modes is different. In order to clarify the catchment area of subway stations, it is necessary to study the catchment area of the three connection modes of subway stations. This study starts with a generalized connection cost for each connection mode, constructing the generalized connection cost models, especially considering the psychological changes of passengers with the increase of connecting distance. On this basis, we use Logit-SUE model to construct the probability density curve of the superior connection distance of different connection modes in different types and different area subway stations. Taking Beijing Metro Line 4 as the research case, through analyzing the probability density curve of each station of Line 4 we calculate the advantageous connection range of each subway station with different connection modes, and take the advantageous connection range as the catchment area for each type of connection mode.
{"title":"A Decision Method for the Catchment Area of Subway Station Under the Difference of Connection Modes","authors":"Zhaohua Wang, Xin Zhu, Yanping Du, S. Dou","doi":"10.17559/tv-20230209000341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17559/tv-20230209000341","url":null,"abstract":": There is an interaction between subway station and the catchment area around the station, the catchment area of subway station on surrounding land is closely related to the connection modes. At present, subway passengers mainly reach subway stations by walking, cycling and bus, and the catchment area of the three connection modes is different. In order to clarify the catchment area of subway stations, it is necessary to study the catchment area of the three connection modes of subway stations. This study starts with a generalized connection cost for each connection mode, constructing the generalized connection cost models, especially considering the psychological changes of passengers with the increase of connecting distance. On this basis, we use Logit-SUE model to construct the probability density curve of the superior connection distance of different connection modes in different types and different area subway stations. Taking Beijing Metro Line 4 as the research case, through analyzing the probability density curve of each station of Line 4 we calculate the advantageous connection range of each subway station with different connection modes, and take the advantageous connection range as the catchment area for each type of connection mode.","PeriodicalId":510054,"journal":{"name":"Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.17559/tv-20230601000688
Mile Matijevi, Martina Hajdek, Ć. KatjaMILKOVI
: Flexo printing or flexography is the most common letterpress printing technique today. Compared to other printing techniques, the advantages of flexographic printing are higher printing speed, low material losses, the possibility of using water-based colors, high color consistency on the print itself. The appearance of the final product largely depends on the selection of the anilox roller, i.e. its line and volume, and on the substrate. The research carried out in this paper determined the influence of the anilox roller when printing on different polymer substrates, and colorimetric differences in color deviation were determined in prints that included four different manufacturers of solvent-based paints on five different polymer substrates (transparent BOPP, white LDPE, black and white recycled LDPE, blue LDPE and green LDPE) with anilox rollers of different lines (lpi) and volume (BCM). In the paper there were used three different anilox rollers with 100 lpi, 165 lpi and 220 lpi.
{"title":"The Influence of Anilox Roller Lines on the Ink Impression on Different Polymer Substrates in Flexo Printing","authors":"Mile Matijevi, Martina Hajdek, Ć. KatjaMILKOVI","doi":"10.17559/tv-20230601000688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17559/tv-20230601000688","url":null,"abstract":": Flexo printing or flexography is the most common letterpress printing technique today. Compared to other printing techniques, the advantages of flexographic printing are higher printing speed, low material losses, the possibility of using water-based colors, high color consistency on the print itself. The appearance of the final product largely depends on the selection of the anilox roller, i.e. its line and volume, and on the substrate. The research carried out in this paper determined the influence of the anilox roller when printing on different polymer substrates, and colorimetric differences in color deviation were determined in prints that included four different manufacturers of solvent-based paints on five different polymer substrates (transparent BOPP, white LDPE, black and white recycled LDPE, blue LDPE and green LDPE) with anilox rollers of different lines (lpi) and volume (BCM). In the paper there were used three different anilox rollers with 100 lpi, 165 lpi and 220 lpi.","PeriodicalId":510054,"journal":{"name":"Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette","volume":"54 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140698935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.17559/tv-20230908000928
V. Krstić, D. Milčić, M. Milčić, A. Stoić, Natasa Zdravkovic
: The accuracy of guiding a spindle is greatly influenced by the thermal load of the bearing. Increased thermal load implies deformation of the bearing parts which is directly reflected in the work quality of the machine system. For this reason, the aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of the material and the geometry of the housing on the temperature field of the threaded spindle bearing assembly, which was realised by "radially mounting" of axial angular contact ball bearing ZKLN. This paper represents a new approach for thermal analysis of the special bearings, type ZKLN which are not involved in the relevant standards for the determination of the reference speed. At the same time the value of this paper finds itself in finding of the guideline at engineering practice which is very important at early design phase of the systems with threaded spindle. The analysis was carried out using experimental and numerical methods. Combination of the mentioned methods gave result which was used to define appropriate guideline regarding influence of housing material and geometry on thermal stability of the ZKLN bearing.
{"title":"Influence of Housing Material and Geometry on Thermal Stability of Threaded Spindle Bearing Assembly","authors":"V. Krstić, D. Milčić, M. Milčić, A. Stoić, Natasa Zdravkovic","doi":"10.17559/tv-20230908000928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17559/tv-20230908000928","url":null,"abstract":": The accuracy of guiding a spindle is greatly influenced by the thermal load of the bearing. Increased thermal load implies deformation of the bearing parts which is directly reflected in the work quality of the machine system. For this reason, the aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of the material and the geometry of the housing on the temperature field of the threaded spindle bearing assembly, which was realised by \"radially mounting\" of axial angular contact ball bearing ZKLN. This paper represents a new approach for thermal analysis of the special bearings, type ZKLN which are not involved in the relevant standards for the determination of the reference speed. At the same time the value of this paper finds itself in finding of the guideline at engineering practice which is very important at early design phase of the systems with threaded spindle. The analysis was carried out using experimental and numerical methods. Combination of the mentioned methods gave result which was used to define appropriate guideline regarding influence of housing material and geometry on thermal stability of the ZKLN bearing.","PeriodicalId":510054,"journal":{"name":"Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.17559/tv-20230306000405
Weijing Yao, Jinxiu Han, Yu Liu, Yongwen Deng, Jianyong Pang
: With the normalization of deep mining, the problem of mine thermal damage has been widely concerned. In this paper, 64 logging temperature data of surface boreholes of Zhujidong coalfield in Huainan City, Anhui Province, China, were summarized and sorted. The temperature data of 12 measuring points at the current main working level of − 906 m and − 965 m were measured. The ground temperature conditions of the vertical direction, horizontal direction, and main coal seam floor in the coalfield were analyzed. The characteristics of the present geothermal field and roadway heat damage, and its influencing factors were discussed. The results showed that the geothermal gradients of this area are between 1.7 ℃ /hm and 3.6 ℃ /hm, and the average geothermal gradient is 2.607 ℃ /hm. It shows the transmission of warming in the vertical direction and horizontal direction shows the ground temperature lowering from south to north, east to west. The geothermal field in this area is mainly affected by the geological structure, and the thermal physical properties of rocks, magmatic rocks and groundwater activities also have a certain effect. At present, most of the main work level has reached the first heat hazard area, and some are in the second heat hazard area, according to Chinese regulations. The working face temperature is keeping above 28 7 ℃ and the relative humidity is being maintained above 70% for a long time. The problem of heat damage is extremely serious. It is suggested to construct the thermal environment control measures combining active and passive ways.
{"title":"Present Geothermal Field and Roadway Heat Damage Characteristics in Zhujidong Coal Mine Area of Huainan City, Anhui Province, China","authors":"Weijing Yao, Jinxiu Han, Yu Liu, Yongwen Deng, Jianyong Pang","doi":"10.17559/tv-20230306000405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17559/tv-20230306000405","url":null,"abstract":": With the normalization of deep mining, the problem of mine thermal damage has been widely concerned. In this paper, 64 logging temperature data of surface boreholes of Zhujidong coalfield in Huainan City, Anhui Province, China, were summarized and sorted. The temperature data of 12 measuring points at the current main working level of − 906 m and − 965 m were measured. The ground temperature conditions of the vertical direction, horizontal direction, and main coal seam floor in the coalfield were analyzed. The characteristics of the present geothermal field and roadway heat damage, and its influencing factors were discussed. The results showed that the geothermal gradients of this area are between 1.7 ℃ /hm and 3.6 ℃ /hm, and the average geothermal gradient is 2.607 ℃ /hm. It shows the transmission of warming in the vertical direction and horizontal direction shows the ground temperature lowering from south to north, east to west. The geothermal field in this area is mainly affected by the geological structure, and the thermal physical properties of rocks, magmatic rocks and groundwater activities also have a certain effect. At present, most of the main work level has reached the first heat hazard area, and some are in the second heat hazard area, according to Chinese regulations. The working face temperature is keeping above 28 7 ℃ and the relative humidity is being maintained above 70% for a long time. The problem of heat damage is extremely serious. It is suggested to construct the thermal environment control measures combining active and passive ways.","PeriodicalId":510054,"journal":{"name":"Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette","volume":"294 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.17559/tv-20230720000818
{"title":"Implementation of Wiener Algorithm for Spectral Reflectance Reconstruction of 3 and 6 Channel Images","authors":"","doi":"10.17559/tv-20230720000818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17559/tv-20230720000818","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":510054,"journal":{"name":"Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.17559/tv-20231129001156
HU Ming, Qinghua Li, Hao Zhou
: A customer behavior analysis examines each customer journey stage using qualitative and quantitative methodologies to understand what motivates consumer behavior. With visual analytics, marketers can decipher the complicated world of customer retargeting, allowing businesses to visualize data and ask and answer infinite questions. Because of this, they are better able to comprehend who their consumers are and why they act in certain ways. This paper provides a significant solution named improved DNN-assisted Customer Behavior Analysis (iDNN-CBA) with smart visual analytics. This paper suggests an interactive section for collecting customer reviews and feedback. Their facial expressions have been collected and processed using the improved deep neural network (iDNN), and the visual analytics occurs with pattern analysis. The proposed iDNN-CBA has been trained and validated using the experimental analysis by public dataset KAGGLE and observed the highest accuracy of 96.55% compared to other existing behavior analysis schemes.
{"title":"Improved DNN-assisted Customer Behavior Analysis with Smart Visual Analytics","authors":"HU Ming, Qinghua Li, Hao Zhou","doi":"10.17559/tv-20231129001156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17559/tv-20231129001156","url":null,"abstract":": A customer behavior analysis examines each customer journey stage using qualitative and quantitative methodologies to understand what motivates consumer behavior. With visual analytics, marketers can decipher the complicated world of customer retargeting, allowing businesses to visualize data and ask and answer infinite questions. Because of this, they are better able to comprehend who their consumers are and why they act in certain ways. This paper provides a significant solution named improved DNN-assisted Customer Behavior Analysis (iDNN-CBA) with smart visual analytics. This paper suggests an interactive section for collecting customer reviews and feedback. Their facial expressions have been collected and processed using the improved deep neural network (iDNN), and the visual analytics occurs with pattern analysis. The proposed iDNN-CBA has been trained and validated using the experimental analysis by public dataset KAGGLE and observed the highest accuracy of 96.55% compared to other existing behavior analysis schemes.","PeriodicalId":510054,"journal":{"name":"Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.17559/tv-20230510000618
LI Jian, LI Jie, Hongji Fang, Junfeng Jiang, I. JianL
: Electric vehicles (EVs) energy efficient path planning is crucial for maximizing the range of EVs. However, existing path planning algorithms often prioritize least time or shortest path without considering energy efficiency, leading to issues such as long computation time, slow convergence, and suboptimal solutions in complex environments. To address these challenges, this study proposes an improved ant colony optimization (E-ACO) algorithm for dynamic energy efficient path planning of EVs. The E-ACO algorithm incorporates a traffic flow prediction model and an energy consumption model specific to EVs. By redesigning heuristic factors and state transition rules, the algorithm enhances the efficiency and accuracy of path planning. Moreover, to address the challenge of selecting optimal charging station locations based on existing battery levels, a charging path planning method is introduced. This method utilizes the E-ACO algorithm and employs charging station pre-screening strategies to identify the most suitable charging station for completing the charging process. Experimental results show that the E-ACO algorithm reduces energy consumption by approximately 7% compared to the traditional ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. Additionally, through data analysis, a pre-screening threshold of 10 charging stations is determined based on the relationship between distance and energy consumption. To provide a visual representation of the path planning results, software is used to display the optimized paths. This allows users to easily interpret and analyze the recommended routes. Overall, the proposed E-ACO algorithm offers an effective and efficient solution for energy-efficient path planning in EVs. The incorporation of charging station pre-screening strategies further enhances the charging process. The study's findings contribute to the development of more sustainable and efficient EV routing strategies, benefiting both EV users and the environment.
{"title":"Dynamic Energy-Efficient Path Planning for Electric Vehicles Using an Enhanced Ant Colony Algorithm","authors":"LI Jian, LI Jie, Hongji Fang, Junfeng Jiang, I. JianL","doi":"10.17559/tv-20230510000618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17559/tv-20230510000618","url":null,"abstract":": Electric vehicles (EVs) energy efficient path planning is crucial for maximizing the range of EVs. However, existing path planning algorithms often prioritize least time or shortest path without considering energy efficiency, leading to issues such as long computation time, slow convergence, and suboptimal solutions in complex environments. To address these challenges, this study proposes an improved ant colony optimization (E-ACO) algorithm for dynamic energy efficient path planning of EVs. The E-ACO algorithm incorporates a traffic flow prediction model and an energy consumption model specific to EVs. By redesigning heuristic factors and state transition rules, the algorithm enhances the efficiency and accuracy of path planning. Moreover, to address the challenge of selecting optimal charging station locations based on existing battery levels, a charging path planning method is introduced. This method utilizes the E-ACO algorithm and employs charging station pre-screening strategies to identify the most suitable charging station for completing the charging process. Experimental results show that the E-ACO algorithm reduces energy consumption by approximately 7% compared to the traditional ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. Additionally, through data analysis, a pre-screening threshold of 10 charging stations is determined based on the relationship between distance and energy consumption. To provide a visual representation of the path planning results, software is used to display the optimized paths. This allows users to easily interpret and analyze the recommended routes. Overall, the proposed E-ACO algorithm offers an effective and efficient solution for energy-efficient path planning in EVs. The incorporation of charging station pre-screening strategies further enhances the charging process. The study's findings contribute to the development of more sustainable and efficient EV routing strategies, benefiting both EV users and the environment.","PeriodicalId":510054,"journal":{"name":"Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette","volume":"47 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.17559/tv-20230825000897
Katarína Bártová, Jozef Bárta, J. P. Č. Inová
: The current era makes a pressure on more ecological and economical production, therefore technological innovations are required. Current trend is to use additive manufacturing, which saves production time and reduces the amount of waste. That also contributes to better utilization of raw materials. This paper deals with the analysis of multilayer weld made of AISI 316LSi using WAAM. The aim was to evaluate the integrity of this component via structural analysis. A pipe was welded up and the cross-section of the pipe was analysed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The microstructure of the weld metal revealed a dendritic morphology. The dendrites were formed by austenite and the interdendritic space contained δ -ferrite. The boundaries of individual weld layers were sharp and without the presence of an annealed area. SEM-EDS analysis was used in order to obtain maps of the elements distribution in examined microstructure. Globular particles were observed in the microstructure. These particles were identified as oxides rich in silicon and manganese. The mechanical properties were evaluated using microhardness measurement in vertical line and three horizontal lines of the wall. It was found that the microhardness values in the top and middle part of the wall are higher on the inside of the component due to cooling conditions.
{"title":"Study of Multilayer Welded Structure Made of AISI 316LSi Using WAAM","authors":"Katarína Bártová, Jozef Bárta, J. P. Č. Inová","doi":"10.17559/tv-20230825000897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17559/tv-20230825000897","url":null,"abstract":": The current era makes a pressure on more ecological and economical production, therefore technological innovations are required. Current trend is to use additive manufacturing, which saves production time and reduces the amount of waste. That also contributes to better utilization of raw materials. This paper deals with the analysis of multilayer weld made of AISI 316LSi using WAAM. The aim was to evaluate the integrity of this component via structural analysis. A pipe was welded up and the cross-section of the pipe was analysed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The microstructure of the weld metal revealed a dendritic morphology. The dendrites were formed by austenite and the interdendritic space contained δ -ferrite. The boundaries of individual weld layers were sharp and without the presence of an annealed area. SEM-EDS analysis was used in order to obtain maps of the elements distribution in examined microstructure. Globular particles were observed in the microstructure. These particles were identified as oxides rich in silicon and manganese. The mechanical properties were evaluated using microhardness measurement in vertical line and three horizontal lines of the wall. It was found that the microhardness values in the top and middle part of the wall are higher on the inside of the component due to cooling conditions.","PeriodicalId":510054,"journal":{"name":"Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Green cities are described as the environmental influences by expanding recycling, decreasing waste, increasing housing density, lowering emissions while intensifying open space, and boosting sustainable local businesses. Green infrastructures (GI) are progressively related to urban water management for long-term transitions and immediate solutions towards sustainability. Urban green spaces (UGS) play a vital role in conserving urban environment sustainability by giving various ecology services. In this study, big data analytics-based urban green space planning design (BDA-UGSPD) has been introduced. Luohe city and the Shali River area have been chosen as the study area owing to the high number and a considerable assortment of UGS. Monitoring has been conducted in the Shali river to evaluate water quality for irrigation for agriculture. The Master Plan Scenario had a compact green space system, and the urban land use layout has been categorized by systematization and networking, and it did not consider the service capacity of green spaces. The Planning Guidance Scenario initialized constraint states, which provide more rigorous and effective urban spaces. It enhanced the service functions of the green space model layout. The simulation findings illustrate that the proposed BDA-UGSPD model enhances the land-use classification accuracy ratio by 92.0%, probability ratio by 90.6%, decision-making ratio by 95.0%, climate change adaptation ratio by 94.5%, water quality assessment ratio by 95.9%, and reduces the root mean square error ratio by 9.7% compared to other popular approaches.
{"title":"Urban Green Space Planning and Design Based on Big Data Analysis and BDA-UGSPD Model","authors":"Yingying Li, Tingyan Li, Wanru Liu, Tingting Yan, Daoyang Yu, Lanling Zhang","doi":"10.17559/tv-20231123001144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17559/tv-20231123001144","url":null,"abstract":": Green cities are described as the environmental influences by expanding recycling, decreasing waste, increasing housing density, lowering emissions while intensifying open space, and boosting sustainable local businesses. Green infrastructures (GI) are progressively related to urban water management for long-term transitions and immediate solutions towards sustainability. Urban green spaces (UGS) play a vital role in conserving urban environment sustainability by giving various ecology services. In this study, big data analytics-based urban green space planning design (BDA-UGSPD) has been introduced. Luohe city and the Shali River area have been chosen as the study area owing to the high number and a considerable assortment of UGS. Monitoring has been conducted in the Shali river to evaluate water quality for irrigation for agriculture. The Master Plan Scenario had a compact green space system, and the urban land use layout has been categorized by systematization and networking, and it did not consider the service capacity of green spaces. The Planning Guidance Scenario initialized constraint states, which provide more rigorous and effective urban spaces. It enhanced the service functions of the green space model layout. The simulation findings illustrate that the proposed BDA-UGSPD model enhances the land-use classification accuracy ratio by 92.0%, probability ratio by 90.6%, decision-making ratio by 95.0%, climate change adaptation ratio by 94.5%, water quality assessment ratio by 95.9%, and reduces the root mean square error ratio by 9.7% compared to other popular approaches.","PeriodicalId":510054,"journal":{"name":"Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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