Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i11.005
Md. Jasim Uddin, Md. Sabiruzzaman Md. Sabiruzzaman, Rezwana Habiba, Basudeb Chandra Pal, R. K. S. Royle, Ahmed Riad Chowdhury, Muhammad Kabir Hasan Parvez, Md. Rofiqul Islam, Krishna Roy, Kazi Farah Firoz, S. M. Z. Islam
Background: Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) impose significant challenges not only on individuals grappling with addiction but also on the caregivers who provide support and care. The caregiving role is associated with multifaceted burdens that require understanding and targeted interventions. Recognizing the diverse dimensions of caregiver burden is crucial for offering effective support. Objective: The study aimed to find out the caregiver burden in substance use disorder patients, examining severity and socio-demographic correlations, contributing insights into effective support strategies. Methodology: The cross-sectional observational study took place at Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College's Psychiatry Department and a private psychiatric and drug rehabilitation center in Sylhet from September 1, 2018, to August 31, 2020. The research focused on substance use disorder patients and their caregivers, involving 50 eligible patients selected through inclusion and exclusions criteria. Diagnoses followed DSM IV criteria. Socio-demographics were gathered via semi-structured questionnaires. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Bengali Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) scale through approximately hour-long interviews, with 1-2 daily. Ethical procedures encompassed informed consent and confidentiality assurance. Result: The study included 50 male participants. Patients mean age was 31.92 (±8.21) and caregivers mean age was 41.68 (±12.89). Mainly, caregivers were mothers (40%) and wives (34%). Caregivers experiencing moderate to severe burden were 58%, mild to moderate burden were 26%, and severe burden were 16%. Mean ZBI score was 48.22±13.55. Higher burden correlated with illiteracy, low family income, excessive drug spending, prolonged substance use, and multiple drug usage. Alcohol users faced more burden than other substance users. Female caregivers, younger age, and housewives experienced heightened burden. No burden links were found with marital status, habitat, religion, family type, or drug administration method. Conclusion: This study concluded that Substance use heightens caregiver burden, notably among female, young, and housewife caregivers. Addressing these trends is vital for effective care of substance use
{"title":"Caregiver Burden in Substance Use Disorders Patients","authors":"Md. Jasim Uddin, Md. Sabiruzzaman Md. Sabiruzzaman, Rezwana Habiba, Basudeb Chandra Pal, R. K. S. Royle, Ahmed Riad Chowdhury, Muhammad Kabir Hasan Parvez, Md. Rofiqul Islam, Krishna Roy, Kazi Farah Firoz, S. M. Z. Islam","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i11.005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) impose significant challenges not only on individuals grappling with addiction but also on the caregivers who provide support and care. The caregiving role is associated with multifaceted burdens that require understanding and targeted interventions. Recognizing the diverse dimensions of caregiver burden is crucial for offering effective support. Objective: The study aimed to find out the caregiver burden in substance use disorder patients, examining severity and socio-demographic correlations, contributing insights into effective support strategies. Methodology: The cross-sectional observational study took place at Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College's Psychiatry Department and a private psychiatric and drug rehabilitation center in Sylhet from September 1, 2018, to August 31, 2020. The research focused on substance use disorder patients and their caregivers, involving 50 eligible patients selected through inclusion and exclusions criteria. Diagnoses followed DSM IV criteria. Socio-demographics were gathered via semi-structured questionnaires. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Bengali Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) scale through approximately hour-long interviews, with 1-2 daily. Ethical procedures encompassed informed consent and confidentiality assurance. Result: The study included 50 male participants. Patients mean age was 31.92 (±8.21) and caregivers mean age was 41.68 (±12.89). Mainly, caregivers were mothers (40%) and wives (34%). Caregivers experiencing moderate to severe burden were 58%, mild to moderate burden were 26%, and severe burden were 16%. Mean ZBI score was 48.22±13.55. Higher burden correlated with illiteracy, low family income, excessive drug spending, prolonged substance use, and multiple drug usage. Alcohol users faced more burden than other substance users. Female caregivers, younger age, and housewives experienced heightened burden. No burden links were found with marital status, habitat, religion, family type, or drug administration method. Conclusion: This study concluded that Substance use heightens caregiver burden, notably among female, young, and housewife caregivers. Addressing these trends is vital for effective care of substance use","PeriodicalId":510088,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine","volume":"28 19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139210778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-19DOI: 10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i11.004
Salome Chinoso, O., O. B, Penuel A, F. E, Clement, Ty
The global burden of diabetes is becoming alarming; this has been aggravated by the change in lifestyle patterns which has encouraged the high prevalence of diabetes noticed today. The oil and gas company workers over the years have been predicted to have an increased prevalence of diabetes which has been attributed to the affluence of this population. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of diabetes and its associated factors among oil and gas company workers in Port Harcourt. The present study aim was to determine the prevalence of diabetes and its associated factors among oil and gas company workers in Port Harcourt. The study was carried out using a descriptive cross-sectional study and data’s were collected using a questionnaire. A total of 376 questionnaires were administered and 318 questionnaires were retrieved from three oil and gas companies in Port Harcourt. Majority (51.9%) of the workers were above 40years of age. (72.01%) were married and Christianity (94.03%) was the main form of religion as recorded in the study. The study revealed that (56.1%) of the workers have poor dietary habit as against (43.9%) that have good dietary habit. The mean BMI of the workers (26.5) shows that majority (40.9%) of the workers are overweight, which depicts the nutritional status of the workers. The overall prevalence of diabetes in this study is (19.8%) and of all the risk factors predicted to be associated with the occurrence of diabetes, only women who have given birth to babies weighing more than 4kg at birth showed an association with an adjusted odd ratio of 4.79(1.34-17.11) 0.016. Therefore, there is a significant association between women who have given birth to babies weighing more than 4kg at birth and the occurrence of diabetes. Management of the oil companies, through the health education department should encourage exercise and diabetes management education to curtail the growing prevalence of diabetes.
{"title":"Diabetes and Its Associated Factors among Oil and Gas Company Workers in Port Harcourt","authors":"Salome Chinoso, O., O. B, Penuel A, F. E, Clement, Ty","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i11.004","url":null,"abstract":"The global burden of diabetes is becoming alarming; this has been aggravated by the change in lifestyle patterns which has encouraged the high prevalence of diabetes noticed today. The oil and gas company workers over the years have been predicted to have an increased prevalence of diabetes which has been attributed to the affluence of this population. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of diabetes and its associated factors among oil and gas company workers in Port Harcourt. The present study aim was to determine the prevalence of diabetes and its associated factors among oil and gas company workers in Port Harcourt. The study was carried out using a descriptive cross-sectional study and data’s were collected using a questionnaire. A total of 376 questionnaires were administered and 318 questionnaires were retrieved from three oil and gas companies in Port Harcourt. Majority (51.9%) of the workers were above 40years of age. (72.01%) were married and Christianity (94.03%) was the main form of religion as recorded in the study. The study revealed that (56.1%) of the workers have poor dietary habit as against (43.9%) that have good dietary habit. The mean BMI of the workers (26.5) shows that majority (40.9%) of the workers are overweight, which depicts the nutritional status of the workers. The overall prevalence of diabetes in this study is (19.8%) and of all the risk factors predicted to be associated with the occurrence of diabetes, only women who have given birth to babies weighing more than 4kg at birth showed an association with an adjusted odd ratio of 4.79(1.34-17.11) 0.016. Therefore, there is a significant association between women who have given birth to babies weighing more than 4kg at birth and the occurrence of diabetes. Management of the oil companies, through the health education department should encourage exercise and diabetes management education to curtail the growing prevalence of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":510088,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine","volume":"148 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-11DOI: 10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i11.003
H. Ouakrim, I. Midhat, S. Rafi, G. E. Mghari, N. Ansari
Introduction: Grave’s Disease (GD) and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT) are two autoimmune diseases whose coexistence is rare. We report a case of a patient in whom both diseases manifested simultaneously. Case report: A 36- year-old woman presented with thyrotoxicosis. She had tachycardia with WHO grade 2 homogeneously non-pulsatile goiter, without exophthalmos. The evaluation revealed peripheral hyperthyroidism with positive anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies and anti-thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (anti-TSHR) antibodies. Cervical ultrasound revealed a goiter affecting the right lobe in the context of thyroiditis. Thyroid scintigraphy indicated a picture suggestive of Graves' disease in the left lobe and hypocaptating thyroiditis in the right lobe. The patient was treated with propranolol and Carbimazole, with alternating phases of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Discussion and Conclusion: Autoimmune thyroid diseases, GD and HT, are specific to the thyroid gland and are common in women. They share pathogenic features that could explain their association, including genetic and environmental factors leading to thyroid cell damage, T-cell-mediated autoimmunity, human leukocyte antigen binding, and the presence of autoantibodies such as anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in GD. Rare cases have demonstrated that HT can manifest after GD, and vice versa, leading to an alternation of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in certain patients due to changes in the balance between various categories of antibodies. In the present case, the patient simultaneously presented both diseases.
导言格拉夫病（GD）和桥本氏甲状腺炎（HT）是两种自身免疫性疾病，它们同时存在的情况非常罕见。我们报告了一例同时患有这两种疾病的患者。病例报告：一名 36 岁的女性出现甲状腺毒症。她心动过速，伴有 WHO 2 级均质性非脉冲性甲状腺肿，无眼球外凸。评估显示她患有外周性甲状腺功能亢进，抗甲状腺过氧化物酶（抗TPO）抗体和抗促甲状腺激素受体（抗TSHR）抗体阳性。宫颈超声波检查显示，甲状腺炎影响到右叶甲状腺肿。甲状腺闪烁扫描显示，左叶甲状腺提示巴塞杜氏病，右叶甲状腺提示甲状腺炎。患者在接受普萘洛尔和卡比马唑治疗后，甲状腺功能亢进和甲状腺功能减退交替出现。讨论与结论自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（GD和HT）是甲状腺的特异性疾病，常见于女性。它们具有共同的致病特征，可解释其关联性，包括导致甲状腺细胞损伤的遗传和环境因素、T细胞介导的自身免疫、人类白细胞抗原结合以及自身抗体的存在，如GD中的抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体。罕见病例表明，甲亢可在甲状腺功能亢进症后出现，反之亦然，由于各类抗体之间的平衡发生变化，导致某些患者出现甲亢和甲减交替。在本病例中，患者同时患有这两种疾病。
{"title":"Simultaneous Thyroid Autoimmunity: A Coexistence of Grave's Disease and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis","authors":"H. Ouakrim, I. Midhat, S. Rafi, G. E. Mghari, N. Ansari","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i11.003","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Grave’s Disease (GD) and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT) are two autoimmune diseases whose coexistence is rare. We report a case of a patient in whom both diseases manifested simultaneously. Case report: A 36- year-old woman presented with thyrotoxicosis. She had tachycardia with WHO grade 2 homogeneously non-pulsatile goiter, without exophthalmos. The evaluation revealed peripheral hyperthyroidism with positive anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies and anti-thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (anti-TSHR) antibodies. Cervical ultrasound revealed a goiter affecting the right lobe in the context of thyroiditis. Thyroid scintigraphy indicated a picture suggestive of Graves' disease in the left lobe and hypocaptating thyroiditis in the right lobe. The patient was treated with propranolol and Carbimazole, with alternating phases of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Discussion and Conclusion: Autoimmune thyroid diseases, GD and HT, are specific to the thyroid gland and are common in women. They share pathogenic features that could explain their association, including genetic and environmental factors leading to thyroid cell damage, T-cell-mediated autoimmunity, human leukocyte antigen binding, and the presence of autoantibodies such as anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in GD. Rare cases have demonstrated that HT can manifest after GD, and vice versa, leading to an alternation of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in certain patients due to changes in the balance between various categories of antibodies. In the present case, the patient simultaneously presented both diseases.","PeriodicalId":510088,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139280002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i11.002
Mike Erefumokumo Abel, John Nwolim Paul, Gospel Chimenma Dimkpa, I. F. Cookey-Gam, Vivian Ibienebakabobo Promise, Stanley Samuel Mboi, D. S. O. Ekine, A. Ogba, Barisuka Kofii Nwibana, C. W. Ihua, Joyce Chisa Obia, Ada Mercy Ugbe
Cosmetology is a rapidly growing field, resulting in increasing numbers of beauty centers and beauticians. Ear piercing is a common practice in Nigeria and, in recent years piercing of other body parts has greatly increased in popularity. Beauty treatments, such as piercing, tattooing, manicuring, and barbing are used by many people. Individuals working in barber shops, hairdressing and beauty centers are likely to have contact with blood through applications such as shaving, manicure, pedicure and skin care. The aim of this study was to determine hepatitis B virus (HBV) seroprevalence in a sample of beauticians in Yenagoa local government area, Bayelsa State (Nigeria) and to assess the level of knowledge of these professionals regarding viral hepatitis. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving a total of 120 beauticians (hairdressers and manicurists/pedicurists) that were selected by a multistage sampling method. Data was collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire for knowledge assessment and serum samples were tested for HBsAg positivity using commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits. Data collected were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS), version 25 software. Of the total 120 participants 16 (13.3%) were males and 104 (86.7%) were females. The prevalence of HBV infections among the respondents was 7.5%. The knowledge of beauticians on awareness of viral hepatitis B was 5.8%, and their knowledge on ways of transmission was 61.7%. Conclusions: the findings indicate that, due to their low level of awareness of viral hepatitis B existence, beauticians working in Yenagoa Local Government Area are in a risk of HBV infection even though the seroprevalence of HBV was low.
{"title":"Determining the Seroprevalence and the Knowledge of Viral Hepatitis B Infection among Beauticians in Yenagoa LGA, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","authors":"Mike Erefumokumo Abel, John Nwolim Paul, Gospel Chimenma Dimkpa, I. F. Cookey-Gam, Vivian Ibienebakabobo Promise, Stanley Samuel Mboi, D. S. O. Ekine, A. Ogba, Barisuka Kofii Nwibana, C. W. Ihua, Joyce Chisa Obia, Ada Mercy Ugbe","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i11.002","url":null,"abstract":"Cosmetology is a rapidly growing field, resulting in increasing numbers of beauty centers and beauticians. Ear piercing is a common practice in Nigeria and, in recent years piercing of other body parts has greatly increased in popularity. Beauty treatments, such as piercing, tattooing, manicuring, and barbing are used by many people. Individuals working in barber shops, hairdressing and beauty centers are likely to have contact with blood through applications such as shaving, manicure, pedicure and skin care. The aim of this study was to determine hepatitis B virus (HBV) seroprevalence in a sample of beauticians in Yenagoa local government area, Bayelsa State (Nigeria) and to assess the level of knowledge of these professionals regarding viral hepatitis. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving a total of 120 beauticians (hairdressers and manicurists/pedicurists) that were selected by a multistage sampling method. Data was collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire for knowledge assessment and serum samples were tested for HBsAg positivity using commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits. Data collected were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS), version 25 software. Of the total 120 participants 16 (13.3%) were males and 104 (86.7%) were females. The prevalence of HBV infections among the respondents was 7.5%. The knowledge of beauticians on awareness of viral hepatitis B was 5.8%, and their knowledge on ways of transmission was 61.7%. Conclusions: the findings indicate that, due to their low level of awareness of viral hepatitis B existence, beauticians working in Yenagoa Local Government Area are in a risk of HBV infection even though the seroprevalence of HBV was low.","PeriodicalId":510088,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139280987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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