Ethnicity & Health最新文献

Objectives: Diabetes is a non-communicable disease where the patient's glucose level in the blood is too high. Diabetes is prevalent among ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom (UK). Type 2 diabetes is a major cause of premature mortality in England. Unfortunately, the lifestyle of these minority groups has become a barrier to diabetes healthcare treatment. The timely intervention of programmes targeting risk factors associated with diabetes may reduce the prevalence of diabetes among these ethnic minority groups. This review critically explores and identifies barriers that hinder specific African-Caribbean groups from accessing diabetes healthcare and how nurses can promote lifestyle changes in patients with prediabetes from African-Caribbean backgrounds.

Design: An extended literature review (ELR). The process consisted of a search of key databases and other nursing and public health journal articles with the keywords defined in this extended review (prediabetes, diabetes, lifestyle of Afro-Caribbean). Thematic analysis is then applied from a socio-cultural theoretical lens to interpret the selected articles for the review.

Results: Three main barriers were identified: (a) the strong adherence to traditional diets, (b) a wrong perception about diet management and (c) 'Western medication' as a key barrier that hinders effective diabetes management in ethnic minorities, including the African-Caribbean in the UK.

Conclusion: To address these barriers, it is important for policymakers to prioritise well-tailored interventions for African-Caribbean groups as well as support healthcare providers with the requisite capacity to provide care.

Objectives: Hispanic/Latinx drinkers have been found to experience more adverse alcohol-related consequences than any other racial/ethnic group. Due to this, researchers have looked at the connection between drinking and cultural factors, alongside discrimination, to further analyze what sociocultural factors lead to negative outcomes when drinking.

Design: Researchers used a sample of Hispanic/Latinx young adult drinkers (n = 710) with an average age of 22.43 (SD = 6.69), recruited through social media and assessed on several factors, including protective behavioral strategies (PBS), alcohol use severity, bicultural self-efficacy, discrimination, acculturation, and enculturation.

Results: Utilizing an observed variable path analysis, results showed perceived discrimination to have a significant effect on all variables in the model (bicultural self-efficacy, acculturation, enculturation, PBS self-efficacy, PBS use, and alcohol use severity). Acculturation was positively associated with PBS self-efficacy, while enculturation was positively associated with PBS use. PBS self-efficacy was positively correlated with PBS use and negatively associated with alcohol use severity. There was a significant total indirect effect from perceived discrimination to alcohol use severity through various paths (i.e. PBS self-efficacy, acculturation, and bicultural self-efficacy), with the strongest path to occur through PBS self-efficacy.

Conclusions: Findings showcase the risk and protective effects of various sociocultural factors on drinking behaviors among young adults. PBS self-efficacy was found to have robust protective effects against alcohol use severity. Future research should continue to investigate these sociocultural and behavioral factors in order to develop efforts to mitigate hazardous alcohol use among Hispanic/Latinx young adult drinkers.

Objectives: Despite growing interest in the health disparities associated with food insecurity, research focusing on Indigenous peoples has been limited, especially in studies using nationally representative samples. This study investigates the association between food insecurity and various health outcomes - self-rated general and mental health, chronic health conditions, suicidal ideation, and obesity - among Indigenous peoples in Canada. It also explores the potential moderating effects of culture-based resources, which include cultural identity affect, cultural group belonging, cultural engagement, and cultural exploration.

Design: The study utilized data from the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, a nationally representative sample of First Nations individuals living off-reserve, Métis, and Inuit across Canada (N = 15,533). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data.

Results: Food insecurity was negatively associated with all examined health outcomes. Culture-based resources demonstrated a mixture of anticipated and unexpected effects on these relationships. Consistent with the stress process model, cultural group belonging mitigated the negative impact of food insecurity on all health outcomes. A similar pattern was observed for cultural engagement. However, contrary to expectations from the stress-buffering perspective, little evidence was found to support the moderating effects of cultural identity affect and cultural exploration.

Conclusion: The results underscore the detrimental effects of food insecurity on the health of Indigenous peoples in Canada and suggest that culture-based resources, particularly cultural group belonging, play a crucial role in mitigating health disparities.

Objective: Previous studies suggest an increased prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases among African immigrants with increased length of stay in the U.S. The objective of the current study is to understand the dietary practices and perceptions of recent African immigrant families.

Design: Focus group sessions were conducted with Nigerian and Congolese immigrant parents residing in Illinois. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling methods and focus group sessions were conducted via videoconference. Participants discussed dietary practices, meal preparation, and family mealtimes for their families. They also discussed experiences with eating different kinds of foods since arrival in the U.S. Verbatim transcription of focus group sessions were completed and deductive thematic analysis of transcribed data was conducted using NVivo (QSR International Pty Ltd. [2020] NVivo [version 12]).

Results: Twenty African immigrant parents (Mean age: 42 years, Female: 95%) residing in Northern and Central Illinois participated in a total of five focus group sessions. Seven themes were derived from the analysis. Participants had a positive attitude toward healthy diet and had a high level of interest in receiving educational resources to make healthier food choices. Participants preferred and mostly consumed foods they were familiar with before migration. A majority of the participants perceived 'American foods' as unhealthy, characterizing them as containing a high amount of sugar and salt. Parents reported that their school-aged children often preferred a western diet over traditional African meals.

Conclusion: This study helps to understand unique diet-related practices and perceptions of recent Nigerian and Congolese African immigrants in Illinois. Findings could help to inform cultural adaptation of evidence-based nutrition education programs for these groups of African immigrants.

Objective: To solicit information/suggestions from prostate cancer survivors to improve survivorship experiences specific to work/workability.

Design: The study employed a qualitative/phenomenological approach. Black/African-American and white prostate cancer survivors who: (1) had prostatectomy or radiation therapy 6-36 months prior, (2) were working for pay within 30 days before having treatment, and (3) expected to be working for pay 6 months later (n = 45) were eligible for this study. Survivors were engaged in 60-to-90-minute structured interviews. Content analysis was used to ascertain prominent themes.

Results: Participants had the following recommendations for survivors: ask about research on treatment options and side effects; speak with other survivors about cancer diagnosis; and inform family/friends and employers about needed accommodations. Considerations for family/friends emphasized the significance of instrumental (e.g. help finding information) and emotional support (e.g. encouragement). Employer/co-worker considerations most often related to work-related accommodations/support and avoiding stigmatization of the survivor. Considerations for healthcare providers commonly included the provision of unbiased, plain-language communication about treatment options and side effects. No major differences existed by race.

Conclusions: Needs of employed PrCA survivors, regardless of their race or treatment type, are commonly related to their desire for informational, instrumental, and/or emotional support from family/friends, employers/co-workers, and healthcare providers. The requested supports are most often related to the side effects of prostate cancer treatment.

Objectives: Prior research suggests that racism is associated with adverse mental health outcomes for Asians in the United States. Relatively less research has been conducted to examine the effects of racism on physical health, particularly the changes in physical health among Asians and Asian Americans. This study aims to fill in this gap in prior research.

Design: Survey was conducted via Qualtrics in March 2023. A panel sample of 356 Asian and Asian American adults from across the US was collected. Ordinary Least Squares Regression was employed to examine the interrelationships among racism, religion, and perceived changes in physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: Contrary to conventional wisdom, more frequent experience with blatant racism was associated with a perceived improvement in physical health after controlling for subtle racism, anxiety, acculturation, and various sociodemographic variables. Interestingly, this robust relationship was more significant among Asians who attended religious services more frequently. Additional three-way interactions revealed that the interaction between blatant racism and religious service attendance on perceived changes in physical health was more significant for US-born Asians and Asians of Indian or Japanese ethnicity.

Conclusion: Racism exerts a significant influence on physical health outcomes among Asians and Asian Americans. However, this relationship was contingent upon the specific aspect of racism and intersected with religiosity, acculturation, and ethnic identity.

Objective: This study examines associations between sleep apnea risk and hypertension in a sample of immigrant Chinese and Korean Americans.

Design: The dataset included Chinese and Korean patients ages 50-75 recruited from primary care physicians' offices from April 2018 to June 2020 in the Baltimore-Washington DC Metropolitan Area (n = 394). Hypertension risk was determined using a combination of blood pressure measurements, self-reported diagnosis of hypertension by a medical professional, and/or self-reported use of antihypertensive medications. Linear regression models examined the associations between sleep apnea risk and blood pressure (systolic blood pressure [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure [DBP]). Poisson regression models examined associations sleep apnea risk and hypertension. Models controlled for body mass index (BMI), demographic, and socioeconomic risk factors. We further examined models for potential effect modification by age, gender, Asian subgroup, and obesity, as well as effect modification of daytime sleepiness on the association between snoring and hypertension risk.

Results: High risk of sleep apnea appeared to be associated positively with SBP (β = 6.77, 95% CI: 0.00-13.53), but not with DBP. The association was positive for hypertension, but it was not statistically significant (PR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.87-1.41). We did not find effect modification of the associations between sleep apnea and hypertension risk, but we did find that daytime sleepiness moderated the effect of snoring on SBP. Snoring was associated with higher SBP, primarily in the presence of daytime sleepiness, such that predicted SBP was 133.27 mmHg (95% CI: 126.52, 140.02) for someone with both snoring and daytime sleepiness, compared to 123.37 mmHg (95% CI: 120.40, 126.34) for someone neither snoring nor daytime sleepiness.

Conclusion: Chinese and Korean immigrants living in the U.S. who are at high risk of sleep apnea have higher SBP on average, even after accounting for sociodemographic characteristics and BMI.

Clinical trail registration: : NCT03481296, date of registration: 3/29/2018.