Rakesh Kumar Sootahar, M. K. Sootahar, Ma Lin, Nazia Rais, G.M Jamro, Meher-ul-Nissa Rais, Rashid Iqbal, A. Ditta, Sayed M. Eldin, Iftikhar Ali, Mona S. Alwahibi, M. Elshikh, Vinoth Kumarasamy
Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the Solanaceae family and is considered an important vegetable worldwide. Its production has been challenged due to soil salinization and water shortages. Local tomato cultivars could be better adapted to salt stress. Based on this hypothesis, the present study was carried out to determine the variation in fourteen different tomato cultivars for salt tolerance. Seed germination, mean germination time, shoot length, and root length were examined under salinity stress (1.5 g L -1 NaCl). Plant growth and seed germination were severely affected by saline conditions. The results of this in vitro experiment showed that the seed germination of Yellow Milk was significantly increased (73.33%) however, Pink Jade and Red Jade cultivars were significantly decreased under the NaCl treatment. Similarly, among the fourteen tomato cultivars, the mean germination time of only Yellow Pearl and Black Current significantly increased. Moreover, the shoot length of eight tomato cultivars decreased compared with the control, while the highest shoot length (12.5 cm) was recorded in the case of Saint cultivar. The root length of Taiwan Red Saint, Purple Beauty, Yellow Milk, Red Pearl, Yellow Pearl, Pink Cooperative 906, Qinzu Shanghai 903, and Scarlet cultivars significantly increased, while the other five cultivars significantly decreased under NaCl treatment compared to control. It is concluded that NaCl stress significantly affects the vegetative growth of tomato cultivars under in vitro culture.
{"title":"In Vitro Early Vegetative Growth of Tomato\u0000(Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars Under Salt Stress","authors":"Rakesh Kumar Sootahar, M. K. Sootahar, Ma Lin, Nazia Rais, G.M Jamro, Meher-ul-Nissa Rais, Rashid Iqbal, A. Ditta, Sayed M. Eldin, Iftikhar Ali, Mona S. Alwahibi, M. Elshikh, Vinoth Kumarasamy","doi":"10.15244/pjoes/183451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/183451","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the Solanaceae family and is considered an important vegetable worldwide. Its production has been challenged due to soil salinization and water shortages. Local tomato cultivars could be better adapted to salt stress. Based on this hypothesis, the present study was carried out to determine the variation in fourteen different tomato cultivars for salt tolerance. Seed germination, mean germination time, shoot length, and root length were examined under salinity stress (1.5 g L -1 NaCl). Plant growth and seed germination were severely affected by saline conditions. The results of this in vitro experiment showed that the seed germination of Yellow Milk was significantly increased (73.33%) however, Pink Jade and Red Jade cultivars were significantly decreased under the NaCl treatment. Similarly, among the fourteen tomato cultivars, the mean germination time of only Yellow Pearl and Black Current significantly increased. Moreover, the shoot length of eight tomato cultivars decreased compared with the control, while the highest shoot length (12.5 cm) was recorded in the case of Saint cultivar. The root length of Taiwan Red Saint, Purple Beauty, Yellow Milk, Red Pearl, Yellow Pearl, Pink Cooperative 906, Qinzu Shanghai 903, and Scarlet cultivars significantly increased, while the other five cultivars significantly decreased under NaCl treatment compared to control. It is concluded that NaCl stress significantly affects the vegetative growth of tomato cultivars under in vitro culture.","PeriodicalId":510399,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140684736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an important ecological security barrier in China. Considering the rich local waste biomass with a single treatment method and low level of resource utilization, biochar utilization of solid waste biomass can be carried out based on the research that biochar has abundant material sources. According to the application methods of various types of solid waste resources that have not been carried out, this review analyzes and discusses various types of waste biomass resources in the plateau region, such as sewage plant sludge, food waste, green leaves, barley straw, yak manure, and the unique Tibetan tea and Tibetan medicine residue waste, and reviews the biochar methods and applications for similar raw materials at home and abroad. Further, the technical outlook of solar pyrolysis technology and UV radiation modification technology and the development of hybrid pyrolysis to enhance the performance of biochar materials and heavy metal passivation are proposed by utilizing the solar energy resources of the Tibetan Plateau. Collectively, it provides a reference for prevention and restoration methods for the fragile ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, reduces the pressure of waste disposal in the region, and realizes the resource utilization of waste.
{"title":"Analysis of the Application Prospect of Biochar\u0000Production From Characteristic Solid Waste\u0000Biomass Resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","authors":"Wei Li, Huiying Zhao, Haiyang Zhou, Pengcheng Xie, Haitao Gao, Jian Xiong","doi":"10.15244/pjoes/177757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/177757","url":null,"abstract":"The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an important ecological security barrier in China. Considering the rich local waste biomass with a single treatment method and low level of resource utilization, biochar utilization of solid waste biomass can be carried out based on the research that biochar has abundant material sources. According to the application methods of various types of solid waste resources that have not been carried out, this review analyzes and discusses various types of waste biomass resources in the plateau region, such as sewage plant sludge, food waste, green leaves, barley straw, yak manure, and the unique Tibetan tea and Tibetan medicine residue waste, and reviews the biochar methods and applications for similar raw materials at home and abroad. Further, the technical outlook of solar pyrolysis technology and UV radiation modification technology and the development of hybrid pyrolysis to enhance the performance of biochar materials and heavy metal passivation are proposed by utilizing the solar energy resources of the Tibetan Plateau. Collectively, it provides a reference for prevention and restoration methods for the fragile ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, reduces the pressure of waste disposal in the region, and realizes the resource utilization of waste.","PeriodicalId":510399,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies","volume":" 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140684762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the development and modernization of rural economies, the integration of agriculture, cultural tourism, and other fields has gradually become a new driving force for promoting rural revitalization. However, in recent years, the development of mines and the utilization of resources have led to severe heavy metal pollution of farmland soil, causing significant food safety risks and economic losses, which pose serious challenges to the integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism. Therefore, China has invested a lot of attention in addressing the issue of soil remediation in abandoned rural mining areas. The study focuses on an abandoned mining area polluted by heavy metals such as Cd, Zn, and Cu in a certain area. Two materials, biochar and compost, were added to the soil in the polluted area, and the weight ratios of biochar and compost were set to 0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, and 100:0. A new type of biochar was prepared by mixing two materials at high temperatures, and its effects on the pH and organic carbon content of soil in heavy metal polluted rural abandoned mining areas were explored. The effective removal and adsorption of heavy metals in the soil were also investigated, as was the promotion of crop growth in the soil area. This indicates that the use of biochar and compost can significantly repair heavy metal contaminated soil in mining areas and improve soil availability. Meanwhile, research has found that the integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism provides a unique perspective on soil remediation technology, which may involve maintaining rural cultural traditions, enhancing the attractiveness of rural tourism, and ensuring food safety and agricultural sustainability. Therefore, the selection and implementation of repair technologies need to consider multiple factors to ensure the triple benefits to the economy, society, and environment.
{"title":"Innovative Practice of Heavy Metal Soil\u0000Remediation Technology under the Background\u0000of Rural Revitalization by Integrating\u0000Agriculture, Culture and Tourism","authors":"Juan Wu, Teng Wan","doi":"10.15244/pjoes/176054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/176054","url":null,"abstract":"With the development and modernization of rural economies, the integration of agriculture, cultural tourism, and other fields has gradually become a new driving force for promoting rural revitalization. However, in recent years, the development of mines and the utilization of resources have led to severe heavy metal pollution of farmland soil, causing significant food safety risks and economic losses, which pose serious challenges to the integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism. Therefore, China has invested a lot of attention in addressing the issue of soil remediation in abandoned rural mining areas. The study focuses on an abandoned mining area polluted by heavy metals such as Cd, Zn, and Cu in a certain area. Two materials, biochar and compost, were added to the soil in the polluted area, and the weight ratios of biochar and compost were set to 0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, and 100:0. A new type of biochar was prepared by mixing two materials at high temperatures, and its effects on the pH and organic carbon content of soil in heavy metal polluted rural abandoned mining areas were explored. The effective removal and adsorption of heavy metals in the soil were also investigated, as was the promotion of crop growth in the soil area. This indicates that the use of biochar and compost can significantly repair heavy metal contaminated soil in mining areas and improve soil availability. Meanwhile, research has found that the integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism provides a unique perspective on soil remediation technology, which may involve maintaining rural cultural traditions, enhancing the attractiveness of rural tourism, and ensuring food safety and agricultural sustainability. Therefore, the selection and implementation of repair technologies need to consider multiple factors to ensure the triple benefits to the economy, society, and environment.","PeriodicalId":510399,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies","volume":" October","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Finding effective carbon reduction pathways is an important breakthrough in combating climate warming. In recent years, green financial policies have been recognized as important institutional initiatives globally. In China, the impact of green financial policies on carbon emission reduction and their paths remains to be explored. On the basis of panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2018, this paper examines the carbon emission reduction effect of China’s green finance reform and innovation pilot policy (GFRIPP) from the perspective of financial decentralization. China’s GFRIPP has a significant carbon emission reduction effect. Unlike the provinces that did not implement the GFRIPP, the provinces that implemented the GFRIPP experienced a 0.053 reduction in their carbon emission intensity growth rate, and financial decentralization weakened the carbon emission reduction effect of the policy. The impact of GFRIPP on carbon emissions also has significant regional heterogeneity. The carbon emission reduction effect of GFRIPP in the central and western regions is more significant than in the eastern region and is more vulnerable to the weakening impact of financial decentralization. On the basis of the above conclusions, the role of green finance in promoting carbon emission reduction should be given more attention, the communication between central and local policies should be strengthened, a scientific green financial system should be formulated and implemented, and carbon neutrality must be achieved.
{"title":"Does China’s Green Finance Reform and\u0000Innovation Pilot Policy Reduce Carbon Emissions?\u0000Analyzing the Role of Financial Decentralization","authors":"Tianchu Feng, Zhenyu Xie","doi":"10.15244/pjoes/182906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/182906","url":null,"abstract":"Finding effective carbon reduction pathways is an important breakthrough in combating climate warming. In recent years, green financial policies have been recognized as important institutional initiatives globally. In China, the impact of green financial policies on carbon emission reduction and their paths remains to be explored. On the basis of panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2018, this paper examines the carbon emission reduction effect of China’s green finance reform and innovation pilot policy (GFRIPP) from the perspective of financial decentralization. China’s GFRIPP has a significant carbon emission reduction effect. Unlike the provinces that did not implement the GFRIPP, the provinces that implemented the GFRIPP experienced a 0.053 reduction in their carbon emission intensity growth rate, and financial decentralization weakened the carbon emission reduction effect of the policy. The impact of GFRIPP on carbon emissions also has significant regional heterogeneity. The carbon emission reduction effect of GFRIPP in the central and western regions is more significant than in the eastern region and is more vulnerable to the weakening impact of financial decentralization. On the basis of the above conclusions, the role of green finance in promoting carbon emission reduction should be given more attention, the communication between central and local policies should be strengthened, a scientific green financial system should be formulated and implemented, and carbon neutrality must be achieved.","PeriodicalId":510399,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies","volume":" 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chaohu Lake is the fifth biggest freshwater lake in China and one of the “Three Rivers and Three Lakes” in the country-wide water air pollution prevention and control plan. The complete cure of Chaohu Lake is a key task in Hefei City. This study takes the ecological surroundings of the Chaohu Lake region as the precedent and selects 21 warning signs from 4 aspects, namely, air quality, meteorological indicators, water resources, and ecological land, and establishes the assessment gadget of ecological surroundings in the Chaohu Lake area. The entropy weight TOPSIS approach and ArcMap10.7 analyze the ecological surroundings, using elements and spatial differentiation traits of every region to act as references for the ecological surroundings, administration, and preservation of the ring Chaohu Lake region. The outcomes of the study are: 1) the basic ecological surroundings of the circum-Chao Lake vicinity (Feidong County, Feixi County, Lujiang County, Baohe District, Chaohu City) used to be negatively impacted all through 2018-2022, declined drastically in 2019, and remained essentially flat in the following period; 2) in the five-year complete comparative analyses of every location in the circum-Chao Lake vicinity, the typical ecological surroundings of Chaohu City and Baohe District was the worst and Lujiang County was the best, followed by Feidong County and Feixi County; 3) through a 12-month evaluation of the ecological surroundings, modifications in the areas around Chaohu Lake from 2018-2022, the ecological surroundings of the Baohe District and Chaohu City suggests an upward trend, and Feixi County indicates a small downward trend in 2022; 4) evaluating the weighting coefficients of every index, the annual common attention of nitrogen dioxide (C3), annual common attention of sulfur dioxide, common annual awareness (C4), common annual temperature (C9), and irrigated vicinity of arable land (C14) are the 4 main factors having an impact on the ecological environment.
{"title":"Entropy-Weighted TOPSIS-Based Ecological\u0000Environment Driving Factors in the Chaohu Lake Rim\u0000Region Temporal and Spatial Differentiation Study","authors":"Le Zhang, Mengru Zhang, Yanlong Guo","doi":"10.15244/pjoes/182900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/182900","url":null,"abstract":"Chaohu Lake is the fifth biggest freshwater lake in China and one of the “Three Rivers and Three Lakes” in the country-wide water air pollution prevention and control plan. The complete cure of Chaohu Lake is a key task in Hefei City. This study takes the ecological surroundings of the Chaohu Lake region as the precedent and selects 21 warning signs from 4 aspects, namely, air quality, meteorological indicators, water resources, and ecological land, and establishes the assessment gadget of ecological surroundings in the Chaohu Lake area. The entropy weight TOPSIS approach and ArcMap10.7 analyze the ecological surroundings, using elements and spatial differentiation traits of every region to act as references for the ecological surroundings, administration, and preservation of the ring Chaohu Lake region. The outcomes of the study are: 1) the basic ecological surroundings of the circum-Chao Lake vicinity (Feidong County, Feixi County, Lujiang County, Baohe District, Chaohu City) used to be negatively impacted all through 2018-2022, declined drastically in 2019, and remained essentially flat in the following period; 2) in the five-year complete comparative analyses of every location in the circum-Chao Lake vicinity, the typical ecological surroundings of Chaohu City and Baohe District was the worst and Lujiang County was the best, followed by Feidong County and Feixi County; 3) through a 12-month evaluation of the ecological surroundings, modifications in the areas around Chaohu Lake from 2018-2022, the ecological surroundings of the Baohe District and Chaohu City suggests an upward trend, and Feixi County indicates a small downward trend in 2022; 4) evaluating the weighting coefficients of every index, the annual common attention of nitrogen dioxide (C3), annual common attention of sulfur dioxide, common annual awareness (C4), common annual temperature (C9), and irrigated vicinity of arable land (C14) are the 4 main factors having an impact on the ecological environment.","PeriodicalId":510399,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qaiser Khan, Asmathullah Kakar, Shajahan Shabir Ahmed, Kashif Kamran, Muhammad Amjad Bashir, M. Batool, S. Atta, R. A. Alajmi
The study of Hymenoptera diversity and phenology holds significant importance for basic and applied scientific objectives. The present knowledge on the worldwide fauna diversity of Hymenoptera is good but exact data for Pakistan especially for the Hymenopterous fauna of Balochistan has not yet been updated. This geographical area presents an opportunity for the discovery of previously undocumented insect species. This study represents the first DNA barcode analysis in this research area, for a detailed picture of Hymenoptera. Out of the 8430 collected specimens, 810 insect specimens were morphologically identified as Hymenoptera, representing 50 species belonging to 11 families and 40 genera. These specimens were collected using a Malaise trap for 52 weeks, from 11 th December 2018 to 10 th December 2019. For further confirmation, the collected insect specimens were analyzed by sequencing cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (DNA barcode) and BINs were assigned to the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Based on molecular analysis, eight species representing three families and four genera were identified, and respective barcode index numbers (BINs) were assigned to them. Among them, four new species were recorded and two unique BINS (BOLD:AET0858 and BOLD:AET2316) were assigned to Chrysis castillana and Anthophora quadrimaculata, which had not previously been documented in the DNA barcode database. The most dominant species was Camponotus compressus (Fabricius, 1787), which was found throughout the year and had the highest mean population density. We explored the importance of employing harmonizing approaches including adult morphological characteristics and the DNA barcode method to accurately identify wild entomofauna for cryptic
膜翅目昆虫多样性和物候学研究对于实现基础和应用科学目标具有重要意义。目前，有关全球膜翅目昆虫动物多样性的知识已经相当丰富，但巴基斯坦，尤其是俾路支省膜翅目昆虫动物的确切数据尚未更新。这一地理区域为发现以前未记录的昆虫物种提供了机会。本研究是在这一研究领域进行的首次 DNA 条形码分析，旨在详细了解膜翅目昆虫的情况。在采集的 8430 个标本中，有 810 个昆虫标本经形态学鉴定为膜翅目昆虫，隶属于 11 科 40 属 50 种。这些标本是在 2018 年 12 月 11 日至 2019 年 12 月 10 日的 52 周内使用马拉伊斯诱捕器采集的。为进一步确认，对采集到的昆虫标本进行了细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚单位 1（DNA 条形码）测序分析，并将 BIN 分配到生命条形码数据系统。根据分子分析，确定了代表 3 科 4 属的 8 个物种，并为其分配了相应的条形码索引号（BIN）。其中，记录了 4 个新物种，并为 Chrysis castillana 和 Anthophora quadrimaculata 分配了两个独特的 BINS（BOLD:AET0858 和 BOLD:AET2316），这两个物种以前在 DNA 条形码数据库中没有记录。最主要的物种是 Camponotus compressus（Fabricius，1787 年），全年都有发现，平均种群密度最高。我们探讨了采用包括成体形态特征和 DNA 条形码方法在内的协调方法来准确识别野生内口动物群的重要性，以便为隐蔽的
{"title":"Temporal Dynamics and DNA Barcoding\u0000of Hymenoptera from Juniper Forest Ecosystem","authors":"Qaiser Khan, Asmathullah Kakar, Shajahan Shabir Ahmed, Kashif Kamran, Muhammad Amjad Bashir, M. Batool, S. Atta, R. A. Alajmi","doi":"10.15244/pjoes/176797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/176797","url":null,"abstract":"The study of Hymenoptera diversity and phenology holds significant importance for basic and applied scientific objectives. The present knowledge on the worldwide fauna diversity of Hymenoptera is good but exact data for Pakistan especially for the Hymenopterous fauna of Balochistan has not yet been updated. This geographical area presents an opportunity for the discovery of previously undocumented insect species. This study represents the first DNA barcode analysis in this research area, for a detailed picture of Hymenoptera. Out of the 8430 collected specimens, 810 insect specimens were morphologically identified as Hymenoptera, representing 50 species belonging to 11 families and 40 genera. These specimens were collected using a Malaise trap for 52 weeks, from 11 th December 2018 to 10 th December 2019. For further confirmation, the collected insect specimens were analyzed by sequencing cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (DNA barcode) and BINs were assigned to the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Based on molecular analysis, eight species representing three families and four genera were identified, and respective barcode index numbers (BINs) were assigned to them. Among them, four new species were recorded and two unique BINS (BOLD:AET0858 and BOLD:AET2316) were assigned to Chrysis castillana and Anthophora quadrimaculata, which had not previously been documented in the DNA barcode database. The most dominant species was Camponotus compressus (Fabricius, 1787), which was found throughout the year and had the highest mean population density. We explored the importance of employing harmonizing approaches including adult morphological characteristics and the DNA barcode method to accurately identify wild entomofauna for cryptic","PeriodicalId":510399,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140688424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Narong Kamolrat, Rapeepan Yongyod, Ratchadaporn Ungcharoen, A. Kerdsin
Raising fish in ponds for an extended period can have an impact on the accumulation of bacteria that can affect the health of the fish. Using plant extracts is an interesting option to consider for reducing bacterial contamination in ponds. This study investigated the effectiveness of cinnamon extract in reducing bacterial contamination in the water used for raising Siamese fighting fish ( Betta splendens ). Optimal concentrations of cinnamon extract were determined for microbial reduction in the water used for the cultivation of these fish. Test the ability to resist infection at the concentrations of cinnamon extract 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, and 1:64, against 3 bacterial species ( Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ). The concentrations of cinnamon extract at 1:1 and 1:2 inhibited all three tested pathogens, while up to 1:4 inhibited S. aureus . Water samples taken from the ponds for testing were studied at 4 cinnamon extract concentrations: 0, 1, 2, and 3 gL -1 . The treated water samples were collected at 0, 24, and 48 hours to quantify microbial activity. There were significant (p<0.05) differences among the concentrations, with the numbers of microorganisms in the treated water at 48 hours being 3.84x10 5 , 2.92x10 4 , 2.69x10 3 , and 2.89x10 3 CFU mL -1 , respectively. The experimental groups with concentrations of 2 and 3 gL -1 were the most effective in reducing bacteria in the fishpond after 24 h. Our study demonstrated that cinnamon extract could reduce microbial growth in water used to raise Siamese fighting fish.
{"title":"Decreasing Microbial Contamination\u0000in Culture Water of Siamese Fighting Fish\u0000(Betta splendens) Using Cinnamon Extract","authors":"Narong Kamolrat, Rapeepan Yongyod, Ratchadaporn Ungcharoen, A. Kerdsin","doi":"10.15244/pjoes/177157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/177157","url":null,"abstract":"Raising fish in ponds for an extended period can have an impact on the accumulation of bacteria that can affect the health of the fish. Using plant extracts is an interesting option to consider for reducing bacterial contamination in ponds. This study investigated the effectiveness of cinnamon extract in reducing bacterial contamination in the water used for raising Siamese fighting fish ( Betta splendens ). Optimal concentrations of cinnamon extract were determined for microbial reduction in the water used for the cultivation of these fish. Test the ability to resist infection at the concentrations of cinnamon extract 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, and 1:64, against 3 bacterial species ( Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ). The concentrations of cinnamon extract at 1:1 and 1:2 inhibited all three tested pathogens, while up to 1:4 inhibited S. aureus . Water samples taken from the ponds for testing were studied at 4 cinnamon extract concentrations: 0, 1, 2, and 3 gL -1 . The treated water samples were collected at 0, 24, and 48 hours to quantify microbial activity. There were significant (p<0.05) differences among the concentrations, with the numbers of microorganisms in the treated water at 48 hours being 3.84x10 5 , 2.92x10 4 , 2.69x10 3 , and 2.89x10 3 CFU mL -1 , respectively. The experimental groups with concentrations of 2 and 3 gL -1 were the most effective in reducing bacteria in the fishpond after 24 h. Our study demonstrated that cinnamon extract could reduce microbial growth in water used to raise Siamese fighting fish.","PeriodicalId":510399,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a real need for comparability and consistency of findings obtained from different multivariate methods, based on different assumptions and sensitivity to data errors. This study aims to investigate essential aspects of data screening prior to analysis, particularly the detection of outliers, communalities, multicollinearity, and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s tests, and to examine the influence of changing test parameters such as the number of convergence, number of bootstrap runs, FPEAK value, and minimum value of coefficient of determination (R 2 ) on model results. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and Unmix were applied to monitoring data collected from a receptor site. Findings of communalities estimate and multicollinearity indicated possible data errors in Ca, Cu, Na, and Mn, which affected the stability of source profiles. PMF detected biomass burning, coal combustion
{"title":"Multivariate Analysis for Characterization of\u0000Air Pollution Sources: Part 1 Prior Data Screening\u0000and Underlying Assumptions","authors":"Mohammed O. A. Mohammed","doi":"10.15244/pjoes/179919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/179919","url":null,"abstract":"There is a real need for comparability and consistency of findings obtained from different multivariate methods, based on different assumptions and sensitivity to data errors. This study aims to investigate essential aspects of data screening prior to analysis, particularly the detection of outliers, communalities, multicollinearity, and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s tests, and to examine the influence of changing test parameters such as the number of convergence, number of bootstrap runs, FPEAK value, and minimum value of coefficient of determination (R 2 ) on model results. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and Unmix were applied to monitoring data collected from a receptor site. Findings of communalities estimate and multicollinearity indicated possible data errors in Ca, Cu, Na, and Mn, which affected the stability of source profiles. PMF detected biomass burning, coal combustion","PeriodicalId":510399,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulaziz A. Alaskar, Tamer F. Metwally, Hany S. Gharib, Yasmine M. Abo-Shama, Yaser Hafez, Khaled Abdelaal, Ahmed A. Galal
A two-year field experiment was conducted to study the behavior of three improved Egyptian rice variet - ies under different rates of nitrogen fertilizer. The selected tested varieties were Sakha109 (Japonica type), Giza179 (Indica/Japonica Type), and Giza182 (Indica type). Giza179 was treated with the highest nitrogen rate and recorded the highest grain yield values. The studied varieties showed different behavior under the various nitrogen levels. Giza182 recorded a high grain yield with better nutritional value. Higher grain qual - ity characteristics were obtained from Sakha109. Generally, increasing the nitrogen level up to 200 kg N/ha increased rice grain yield, hulling (%), milling (%), and head rice (%) as well as carbohydrate %, oil %, ash amylose %, nitrogen %, phosphorus %, potassium %, and protein % in milled rice grains.
{"title":"Nutritional Value and Grain Quality Characteristics\u0000of Different Improved Egyptian Rice Genotypes\u0000Under Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels","authors":"Abdulaziz A. Alaskar, Tamer F. Metwally, Hany S. Gharib, Yasmine M. Abo-Shama, Yaser Hafez, Khaled Abdelaal, Ahmed A. Galal","doi":"10.15244/pjoes/183499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/183499","url":null,"abstract":"A two-year field experiment was conducted to study the behavior of three improved Egyptian rice variet - ies under different rates of nitrogen fertilizer. The selected tested varieties were Sakha109 (Japonica type), Giza179 (Indica/Japonica Type), and Giza182 (Indica type). Giza179 was treated with the highest nitrogen rate and recorded the highest grain yield values. The studied varieties showed different behavior under the various nitrogen levels. Giza182 recorded a high grain yield with better nutritional value. Higher grain qual - ity characteristics were obtained from Sakha109. Generally, increasing the nitrogen level up to 200 kg N/ha increased rice grain yield, hulling (%), milling (%), and head rice (%) as well as carbohydrate %, oil %, ash amylose %, nitrogen %, phosphorus %, potassium %, and protein % in milled rice grains.","PeriodicalId":510399,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140687551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construction of ecological civilization has put forward new requirements for the market-oriented reform of ecological products, and pricing is the most effective mechanism for marketization. This paper actively expands on the definition of ecological products and considers two game models to compare different consumption preferences and tax/subsidy policies. The results show that, under a static game, ecological products pose a disadvantage, which can lead to negative profits. In a dynamic game, an ecological firm can obtain higher profits by virtue of the positive externalities of its products. Changes in subsidies and taxes can achieve the expected effect of policies, which may reduce the price of ecological products and thus improve competitiveness. Meanwhile, we found that tax policy regulation plays a more significant role than a supporting subsidy, but the ecological degree effect may be the opposite under extreme conditions. This research provides theoretical guidance for promoting the use of ecological products for environmental improvement.
{"title":"Pricing Ecological Products under Duopoly","authors":"Wen-kai Li, Jun Chen, Pu-yan Nie","doi":"10.15244/pjoes/182904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/182904","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of ecological civilization has put forward new requirements for the market-oriented reform of ecological products, and pricing is the most effective mechanism for marketization. This paper actively expands on the definition of ecological products and considers two game models to compare different consumption preferences and tax/subsidy policies. The results show that, under a static game, ecological products pose a disadvantage, which can lead to negative profits. In a dynamic game, an ecological firm can obtain higher profits by virtue of the positive externalities of its products. Changes in subsidies and taxes can achieve the expected effect of policies, which may reduce the price of ecological products and thus improve competitiveness. Meanwhile, we found that tax policy regulation plays a more significant role than a supporting subsidy, but the ecological degree effect may be the opposite under extreme conditions. This research provides theoretical guidance for promoting the use of ecological products for environmental improvement.","PeriodicalId":510399,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies","volume":" 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140687466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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