To investigate the diagnostic value of the fasting hypopharyngeal salivary pepsin concentration test for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD).Volunteers were grouped by reflux symptom index scale, reflux finding score scale, and 24‐h hypopharyngeal‐esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance with pH monitoring results. The study comprised 56, 27, and 20 individuals in the LPRD, asymptomatic laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), and asymptomatic non‐LPR groups, respectively. All underwent a fasting hypopharyngeal saliva pepsin testing via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis determined the optimal diagnostic cutoff value, sensitivity, and specificity of hypopharyngeal salivary pepsin for LPRD. Correlation analysis was performed with reflux scale scores and LPR parameters.Fasting hypopharyngeal salivary pepsin concentration in the LPRD group was significantly higher than in the asymptomatic control group (Z = −4.724, p < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis identified an optimal cutoff value of 29.62 ng/mL for salivary pepsin concentration (AUC, 0.767; sensitivity, 51.8%; and specificity, 93.6%). There was no statistically significant difference in salivary pepsin concentration between the asymptomatic LPR and non‐LPR groups. The concentration was higher in the LPRD group than in the asymptomatic LPR and non‐LPR groups (p < 0.05). Fasting hypopharyngeal salivary pepsin concentration exhibited a weakly positive correlation with vocal cord edema, intralaryngeal mucus adherence, excess throat mucus or postnasal drip, coughing during meals/lying down, troublesome or annoying cough, and liquid and weakly acidic reflux episodes.The fasting hypopharyngeal salivary pepsin concentration test is a highly specific, simple, and noninvasive method with significant clinical diagnostic value for LPRD.
{"title":"Diagnostic value of fasting hypopharyngeal salivary pepsin concentration test for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease","authors":"Chaofeng Liu, Chenjie Hou, Ting Chen, Liuqing Chen, Jingyi Zheng, Yu‐Jin Zheng, Xiaowei Zheng","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wjo2.200","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the diagnostic value of the fasting hypopharyngeal salivary pepsin concentration test for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD).Volunteers were grouped by reflux symptom index scale, reflux finding score scale, and 24‐h hypopharyngeal‐esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance with pH monitoring results. The study comprised 56, 27, and 20 individuals in the LPRD, asymptomatic laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), and asymptomatic non‐LPR groups, respectively. All underwent a fasting hypopharyngeal saliva pepsin testing via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis determined the optimal diagnostic cutoff value, sensitivity, and specificity of hypopharyngeal salivary pepsin for LPRD. Correlation analysis was performed with reflux scale scores and LPR parameters.Fasting hypopharyngeal salivary pepsin concentration in the LPRD group was significantly higher than in the asymptomatic control group (Z = −4.724, p < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis identified an optimal cutoff value of 29.62 ng/mL for salivary pepsin concentration (AUC, 0.767; sensitivity, 51.8%; and specificity, 93.6%). There was no statistically significant difference in salivary pepsin concentration between the asymptomatic LPR and non‐LPR groups. The concentration was higher in the LPRD group than in the asymptomatic LPR and non‐LPR groups (p < 0.05). Fasting hypopharyngeal salivary pepsin concentration exhibited a weakly positive correlation with vocal cord edema, intralaryngeal mucus adherence, excess throat mucus or postnasal drip, coughing during meals/lying down, troublesome or annoying cough, and liquid and weakly acidic reflux episodes.The fasting hypopharyngeal salivary pepsin concentration test is a highly specific, simple, and noninvasive method with significant clinical diagnostic value for LPRD.","PeriodicalId":510563,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141829648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Douglas, Mandy K. Salmon, Rijul S. Kshirsagar, J. Eide, Caitlin A. White, Julia Kharlip, Christina Jackson, John Y.K. Lee, Daniel Yoshor, Michael A. Kohanski, James N. Palmer, N. Adappa
Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare condition caused by hemorrhage or infarction of the pituitary gland with associated risk of cranial neuropathies, endocrinopathies, and even death. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been shown to have some association with pituitary apoplexy, however, large‐scale studies have not been performed.A retrospective cohort study of subjects greater than 18 years of age was performed using the national TriNetX database. The general population was first compared with those undergoing treatment for PA to compare general demographics and incidence of HIV. The PA cohort was then substratified by HIV status and propensity matched by age and sex to evaluate differences in visual outcomes and endocrine metrics. Using the diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy as an index event, the rate of HIV diagnosis at the time of presentation or in the three months following treatment was calculated. Two‐tailed, unpaired t‐tests were performed.A total 2066 patients were identified (902 HIV, 1158 controls). Those with HIV showed an increased rate of pituitary apoplexy (odds ratio [OR]: 19.8) versus healthy adults and were more likely to be younger and male. Among patients treated for pituitary apoplexy, patients with HIV were more likely to have increased thyroid stimulating hormone, reduced T4, and increased prolactin compared with healthy controls. There were no significant differences in visual outcomes between HIV positive and control patients. Importantly, 74% of patients did not carry a diagnosis of HIV on presentation but were diagnosed at the time of or in the three months following treatment for pituitary apoplexy.Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary apoplexy shows a high rate of concurrent or subsequent diagnosis of HIV. Screening for HIV should be considered in patients undergoing treatment for pituitary apoplexy.
垂体性脑瘫（PA）是由垂体出血或梗塞引起的一种罕见疾病，具有颅神经病变、内分泌病变甚至死亡的相关风险。人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）已被证明与垂体性脑瘫有一定的关联，但尚未进行过大规模的研究。首先将普通人群与接受 PA 治疗的人群进行比较，以比较一般人口统计学特征和艾滋病发病率。然后，按 HIV 感染状况对 PA 组群进行分层，并按年龄和性别进行倾向匹配，以评估视觉结果和内分泌指标的差异。以垂体性脑瘫的诊断为指标事件，计算发病时或治疗后三个月内的艾滋病诊断率。共确定了 2066 名患者（902 名艾滋病毒感染者，1158 名对照组）。与健康成人相比，HIV 感染者患垂体性脑瘫的比例更高（几率比 [OR]：19.8），而且更可能是年轻人和男性。在接受垂体性脑瘫治疗的患者中，与健康对照组相比，HIV 感染者更容易出现促甲状腺激素升高、T4 降低和催乳素升高的情况。艾滋病毒阳性患者和对照组患者的视觉结果没有明显差异。重要的是，74%的患者在就诊时未被诊断出感染艾滋病毒，但在垂体性脑瘫治疗时或治疗后三个月内被诊断出感染艾滋病毒。垂体性脑瘫患者在接受治疗时应考虑进行 HIV 筛查。
{"title":"Pituitary apoplexy is associated with concurrent or subsequent diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus","authors":"J. Douglas, Mandy K. Salmon, Rijul S. Kshirsagar, J. Eide, Caitlin A. White, Julia Kharlip, Christina Jackson, John Y.K. Lee, Daniel Yoshor, Michael A. Kohanski, James N. Palmer, N. Adappa","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wjo2.201","url":null,"abstract":"Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare condition caused by hemorrhage or infarction of the pituitary gland with associated risk of cranial neuropathies, endocrinopathies, and even death. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been shown to have some association with pituitary apoplexy, however, large‐scale studies have not been performed.A retrospective cohort study of subjects greater than 18 years of age was performed using the national TriNetX database. The general population was first compared with those undergoing treatment for PA to compare general demographics and incidence of HIV. The PA cohort was then substratified by HIV status and propensity matched by age and sex to evaluate differences in visual outcomes and endocrine metrics. Using the diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy as an index event, the rate of HIV diagnosis at the time of presentation or in the three months following treatment was calculated. Two‐tailed, unpaired t‐tests were performed.A total 2066 patients were identified (902 HIV, 1158 controls). Those with HIV showed an increased rate of pituitary apoplexy (odds ratio [OR]: 19.8) versus healthy adults and were more likely to be younger and male. Among patients treated for pituitary apoplexy, patients with HIV were more likely to have increased thyroid stimulating hormone, reduced T4, and increased prolactin compared with healthy controls. There were no significant differences in visual outcomes between HIV positive and control patients. Importantly, 74% of patients did not carry a diagnosis of HIV on presentation but were diagnosed at the time of or in the three months following treatment for pituitary apoplexy.Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary apoplexy shows a high rate of concurrent or subsequent diagnosis of HIV. Screening for HIV should be considered in patients undergoing treatment for pituitary apoplexy.","PeriodicalId":510563,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to develop a sulcus vocalis model in the excised canine larynx and to investigate the validity of the model.Type II sulcus vocalis was created by continuous intradermal suture in six excised canine larynges. We investigated the validity of the model based on phonatory (aerodynamic and acoustic) measures, laryngeal videostroboscopy (LVS), and histological examination. The aeroacoustic parameters included phonation threshold pressure (PTP), fundamental frequency (Fo), jitter %, shimmer %, and harmonics‐to‐noise ratio (HNR).In all the experimental specimens, there were significant increases in the PTP ([6.61 ± 1.66] cm H2O, p < 0.01), the Fo ([106.48 ± 49.59] Hz, p = 0.003), the jitter ([0.76 ± 0.42]%, p = 0.007), the shimmer ([6.87 ± 2.99%, p = 0.002]), while the HNR decreased ([5.71 ± 4.68] dB, p = 0.031), compared to that of the untreated canine larynges. The estabilished model simulated the histology with type Ⅱ sulcus.Type Ⅱ sulcus vocalis was successfully created in excised canine larynx. The aeroacoustic and LVS analysis of this model resembled the characteristics of patients with sulcus vocalis. The model could be helpful to elucidate the pathology of the phonation, and evaluate and compare the treatments for sulcus vocalis.
{"title":"Development and validity of type II sulcus vocalis in excised canine larynx","authors":"Ting Gong, Peng‐Cheng Yu, Chao Xue, An‐Rong Sun, Yi Zhang, Rui Fang, Bing‐Hua Zhu","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wjo2.193","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to develop a sulcus vocalis model in the excised canine larynx and to investigate the validity of the model.Type II sulcus vocalis was created by continuous intradermal suture in six excised canine larynges. We investigated the validity of the model based on phonatory (aerodynamic and acoustic) measures, laryngeal videostroboscopy (LVS), and histological examination. The aeroacoustic parameters included phonation threshold pressure (PTP), fundamental frequency (Fo), jitter %, shimmer %, and harmonics‐to‐noise ratio (HNR).In all the experimental specimens, there were significant increases in the PTP ([6.61 ± 1.66] cm H2O, p < 0.01), the Fo ([106.48 ± 49.59] Hz, p = 0.003), the jitter ([0.76 ± 0.42]%, p = 0.007), the shimmer ([6.87 ± 2.99%, p = 0.002]), while the HNR decreased ([5.71 ± 4.68] dB, p = 0.031), compared to that of the untreated canine larynges. The estabilished model simulated the histology with type Ⅱ sulcus.Type Ⅱ sulcus vocalis was successfully created in excised canine larynx. The aeroacoustic and LVS analysis of this model resembled the characteristics of patients with sulcus vocalis. The model could be helpful to elucidate the pathology of the phonation, and evaluate and compare the treatments for sulcus vocalis.","PeriodicalId":510563,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uzair Chilwan, Smita Caren Mathias, Asif Maitheen, Al Shifa Khan, R. Balasubramanium
Speech language pathologists (SLPs) play a crucial role while dealing with tracheostomized patients, particularly in addressing communication impairments and dysphagia. However, in India, there is a lack of standardized guidelines for SLPs in the treatment of tracheostomy patients, resulting in variations in clinical practices and patient care.An online survey was conducted among 106 experienced SLPs in India. The survey included questions pertaining to various aspects of assessment and treatment in tracheostomized patients. Survey data were analyzed to identify the level of consensus among SLPs in these areas.The survey results revealed varying levels of consensus among SLPs in most of the domains. Most responses fell within the moderate to low consensus range, indicating a lack of standardized practices.The study highlights the lack of standardized guidelines among SLPs in India when it comes to tracheostomy patient care. Hence, the study recommends collaboration among relevant organizations to enhance knowledge sharing and standardize clinical guidelines to improve the overall quality of care for tracheostomy patients in India.
{"title":"Assessment and management approaches for dysphagia in tracheostomized patients: Practices of speech‐language pathologists in India","authors":"Uzair Chilwan, Smita Caren Mathias, Asif Maitheen, Al Shifa Khan, R. Balasubramanium","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wjo2.184","url":null,"abstract":"Speech language pathologists (SLPs) play a crucial role while dealing with tracheostomized patients, particularly in addressing communication impairments and dysphagia. However, in India, there is a lack of standardized guidelines for SLPs in the treatment of tracheostomy patients, resulting in variations in clinical practices and patient care.An online survey was conducted among 106 experienced SLPs in India. The survey included questions pertaining to various aspects of assessment and treatment in tracheostomized patients. Survey data were analyzed to identify the level of consensus among SLPs in these areas.The survey results revealed varying levels of consensus among SLPs in most of the domains. Most responses fell within the moderate to low consensus range, indicating a lack of standardized practices.The study highlights the lack of standardized guidelines among SLPs in India when it comes to tracheostomy patient care. Hence, the study recommends collaboration among relevant organizations to enhance knowledge sharing and standardize clinical guidelines to improve the overall quality of care for tracheostomy patients in India.","PeriodicalId":510563,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"136 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shayan Khalid Ghaloo, Syed Shabbir Afzal, S. A. Abbas, Shayan Ansari, Mriganka De, H. Iftikhar
Tracheomalacia is defined as the weakening of the tracheal rings secondary to long‐standing compression or inherent structural weakness, leading to stridor and airway compromise. The common etiological factor of tracheomalacia includes compression of the tracheal framework due to a large multinodular goiter. There are various management techniques described in the literature to manage a patient with tracheomalacia including tracheostomy, tracheal stenting, and tracheopexy. However, the evidence of tracheomalacia in the literature is conflicting. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to estimate the incidence of tracheomalacia after thyroidectomy.The systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Elton B. Stephens Co. cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature plus to determine the incidence of tracheomalacia among patients undergoing thyroidectomy up till October 2021. The eligibility was assessed by two independent authors. A quality assessment of individual studies was performed using the National Institute of Health quality assessment tool. Outcomes were double data extracted and were analyzed using OpenMeta.The online search retrieved 214 papers, out of which 17 studies were included that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The number of patients included in the systematic review who underwent thyroidectomy was 1108. The mean age was 55.8 ± 7.7 years, ranging from 48 to 75 years. Tracheomalacia was reported in 146 patients (1.4%). Sternotomy was performed in 102 patients to approach the goiters with retrosternal extension. The most common intervention to manage tracheomalacia was tracheostomy or prolonged intubation.Tracheomalacia is a rare complication. In cases where tracheomalacia is encountered, common methods of management include tracheostomy or prolonged endotracheal intubation. Prospective, long‐term studies are required to accurately assess its true incidence and associated factors.
气管畸形是指气管环因长期受压或固有结构薄弱而变弱，导致呼吸困难和气道受损。气管瘘的常见病因包括大型多结节性甲状腺肿压迫气管框架。文献中描述了多种治疗气管空洞患者的方法，包括气管造口术、气管支架植入术和气管切开术。然而，文献中关于气管空洞的证据并不一致。因此，我们进行了一项系统性综述，以估计甲状腺切除术后气管瘘的发生率。该系统性综述是根据系统性综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行的。在PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane图书馆和Elton B. Stephens Co.护理与联合健康文献累积索引上进行了文献检索，以确定截至2021年10月接受甲状腺切除术的患者中气管瘘的发生率。研究资格由两位独立作者进行评估。采用美国国立卫生研究院质量评估工具对各项研究进行了质量评估。结果采用双重数据提取，并使用 OpenMeta 进行分析。在线检索检索到 214 篇论文，其中有 17 项研究符合资格标准。纳入系统综述的甲状腺切除术患者人数为1108人。平均年龄为 55.8 ± 7.7 岁，从 48 岁到 75 岁不等。146例患者（1.4%）出现气管瘘。102例患者接受了胸骨后延伸的甲状腺肿切除术。处理气管瘘最常见的干预措施是气管造口术或长期插管。在出现气管瘘的病例中，常见的处理方法包括气管造口术或长时间气管插管。要准确评估气管瘘的真实发生率和相关因素，需要进行前瞻性的长期研究。
{"title":"Tracheomalacia in patients undergoing thyroid surgery—What is the true estimate: A systematic review and meta‐analysis","authors":"Shayan Khalid Ghaloo, Syed Shabbir Afzal, S. A. Abbas, Shayan Ansari, Mriganka De, H. Iftikhar","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wjo2.182","url":null,"abstract":"Tracheomalacia is defined as the weakening of the tracheal rings secondary to long‐standing compression or inherent structural weakness, leading to stridor and airway compromise. The common etiological factor of tracheomalacia includes compression of the tracheal framework due to a large multinodular goiter. There are various management techniques described in the literature to manage a patient with tracheomalacia including tracheostomy, tracheal stenting, and tracheopexy. However, the evidence of tracheomalacia in the literature is conflicting. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to estimate the incidence of tracheomalacia after thyroidectomy.The systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Elton B. Stephens Co. cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature plus to determine the incidence of tracheomalacia among patients undergoing thyroidectomy up till October 2021. The eligibility was assessed by two independent authors. A quality assessment of individual studies was performed using the National Institute of Health quality assessment tool. Outcomes were double data extracted and were analyzed using OpenMeta.The online search retrieved 214 papers, out of which 17 studies were included that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The number of patients included in the systematic review who underwent thyroidectomy was 1108. The mean age was 55.8 ± 7.7 years, ranging from 48 to 75 years. Tracheomalacia was reported in 146 patients (1.4%). Sternotomy was performed in 102 patients to approach the goiters with retrosternal extension. The most common intervention to manage tracheomalacia was tracheostomy or prolonged intubation.Tracheomalacia is a rare complication. In cases where tracheomalacia is encountered, common methods of management include tracheostomy or prolonged endotracheal intubation. Prospective, long‐term studies are required to accurately assess its true incidence and associated factors.","PeriodicalId":510563,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Fornazieri, B. M. Cunha, S. P. Nicacio, L. K. Anzolin, José L. B. da Silva, Aristides Fernandes Neto, Deusdedit Brandão Neto, R. Voegels, F. Pinna
The aim of this study was to assess the relative efficacy of medications used following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection on self‐reported alterations in taste and/or smell function.Seven hundred and fourteen persons with self‐reported postcoronavirus disease 2019 (post‐COVID‐19) chemosensory disorders were personally interviewed regarding specific medications they were administered following the acute phase of the disease. The dependent measure—self‐reported total recovery of chemosensory symptoms—was subjected to stepwise logistic regression. Independent predictors included demographic and clinical variables, in addition to specific medications used to mitigate disease symptoms (i.e., systemic corticosteroids, oseltamivir, vitamin C, ibuprofen, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ivermectin, nitazoxanide, anticoagulants, and zinc).The median time between COVID‐19 symptom onset and the interviews was 81 days (interquartile range: 60–104). Of the 714 subjects, 249 (34.9%) reported total recovery of their chemosensory function; 437 (61.2%) had at least one treatment since the beginning of the disease. Women and those with more comorbidities had undergone more treatments. The recovery rates of the treated and nontreated groups did not differ significantly. Nonetheless, respondents who had used nitazoxanide tended to have a higher rate of self‐reported taste or smell recovery. Those who took oral zinc were less likely to improve.No medication employed during the first months after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection had a clear positive effect on returning self‐reported smell or taste function to normal, although nitrazoxide trended in a positive direction. Oral zinc had a negative effect on the reported recovery of these senses.
{"title":"Effect of drug therapies on self‐reported chemosensory outcomes after COVID‐19","authors":"M. A. Fornazieri, B. M. Cunha, S. P. Nicacio, L. K. Anzolin, José L. B. da Silva, Aristides Fernandes Neto, Deusdedit Brandão Neto, R. Voegels, F. Pinna","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wjo2.183","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the relative efficacy of medications used following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection on self‐reported alterations in taste and/or smell function.Seven hundred and fourteen persons with self‐reported postcoronavirus disease 2019 (post‐COVID‐19) chemosensory disorders were personally interviewed regarding specific medications they were administered following the acute phase of the disease. The dependent measure—self‐reported total recovery of chemosensory symptoms—was subjected to stepwise logistic regression. Independent predictors included demographic and clinical variables, in addition to specific medications used to mitigate disease symptoms (i.e., systemic corticosteroids, oseltamivir, vitamin C, ibuprofen, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ivermectin, nitazoxanide, anticoagulants, and zinc).The median time between COVID‐19 symptom onset and the interviews was 81 days (interquartile range: 60–104). Of the 714 subjects, 249 (34.9%) reported total recovery of their chemosensory function; 437 (61.2%) had at least one treatment since the beginning of the disease. Women and those with more comorbidities had undergone more treatments. The recovery rates of the treated and nontreated groups did not differ significantly. Nonetheless, respondents who had used nitazoxanide tended to have a higher rate of self‐reported taste or smell recovery. Those who took oral zinc were less likely to improve.No medication employed during the first months after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection had a clear positive effect on returning self‐reported smell or taste function to normal, although nitrazoxide trended in a positive direction. Oral zinc had a negative effect on the reported recovery of these senses.","PeriodicalId":510563,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"86 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing‐Lin Su, Jing Kang, Qin‐Yi Ren, Zhi‐Xian Zhu, Si‐Yi Zhang, Ping‐Jiang Ge
Medical masks have been shown to significantly influence speech communication in healthy people. The effect of mask‐wearing on phonatory capability and daily communication exchanges in patients with voice disorders remains unclear. To evaluate the effect of the medical mask on acoustic parameters in patients with a voice disorder, we measured the voice frequency, quality, and intensity.Thirty‐three healthy and 44 voice disorder patients were involved in this study, including 27 patients with vocal‐fold lesions and 17 with primary functional dysphonia. Perceptual evaluation and acoustic parameters, including F0 (fundamental frequency), jitter, shimmer, and maximum vocal intensity, were analyzed without and with medical masks.With medical mask‐wearing, the maximum vocal intensity significantly decreased in all patients with voice disorders (p < 0.05), especially in patients with lesions of vocal folds (p < 0.05) and functional dysphonia (p < 0.05). The perceptual evaluation roughness scales also increased in patients with lesions of vocal folds (p < 0.05) and functional dysphonia (p < 0.05) with mask‐wearing. There were no significant effects of mask‐wearing on acoustic parameters for healthy participants.The intensity was influenced when wearing medical masks in patients with disordered voices. The voice perceptual roughness scales also significantly increased compared to those without medical masks.
{"title":"Effect of medical mask on voice in patients with dysphonia","authors":"Jing‐Lin Su, Jing Kang, Qin‐Yi Ren, Zhi‐Xian Zhu, Si‐Yi Zhang, Ping‐Jiang Ge","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wjo2.181","url":null,"abstract":"Medical masks have been shown to significantly influence speech communication in healthy people. The effect of mask‐wearing on phonatory capability and daily communication exchanges in patients with voice disorders remains unclear. To evaluate the effect of the medical mask on acoustic parameters in patients with a voice disorder, we measured the voice frequency, quality, and intensity.Thirty‐three healthy and 44 voice disorder patients were involved in this study, including 27 patients with vocal‐fold lesions and 17 with primary functional dysphonia. Perceptual evaluation and acoustic parameters, including F0 (fundamental frequency), jitter, shimmer, and maximum vocal intensity, were analyzed without and with medical masks.With medical mask‐wearing, the maximum vocal intensity significantly decreased in all patients with voice disorders (p < 0.05), especially in patients with lesions of vocal folds (p < 0.05) and functional dysphonia (p < 0.05). The perceptual evaluation roughness scales also increased in patients with lesions of vocal folds (p < 0.05) and functional dysphonia (p < 0.05) with mask‐wearing. There were no significant effects of mask‐wearing on acoustic parameters for healthy participants.The intensity was influenced when wearing medical masks in patients with disordered voices. The voice perceptual roughness scales also significantly increased compared to those without medical masks.","PeriodicalId":510563,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"122 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efficient methods are available to diagnose pyriform sinus fistula (PSF). This study aimed to assess the value of high‐definition laryngoscopy (HDL) in the diagnosis of PSF.From January 2017 to December 2019, patients with PSF were enrolled into this study. HDL was performed without general anesthesia. Laryngoscopy characteristics were analyzed. An inner orifice in the pyriform fossa indicated the presence of PSF. The diagnostic accuracy of HDL was compared to that of barium swallow.A total of 56 patients (33 males and 23 females, ages 2–57 years) were included. The positive predictive value of HDL was 96.4%, and that of barium swallow was 89.2%. Compared to pronouncing the English letter “e,” anterior cervical skin traction plus Valsalva maneuver could offer a clearer view of the inner orifice in the pyriform fossa (χ2 = 11.187, p < 0.05). Nevertheless, compared to barium swallow, HDL showed no statistically significant difference in diagnosing PSF (χ2 = 2.598, p > 0.05).Both HDL and barium swallow have their advantages and are complementary in diagnosing PSF. Their combination may achieve a higher diagnostic accuracy for PFS.
{"title":"Value of high‐definition laryngoscopy in the diagnosis of pyriform sinus fistula","authors":"Pei‐Jun Zhang, Xiu‐Fen Tian","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wjo2.180","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient methods are available to diagnose pyriform sinus fistula (PSF). This study aimed to assess the value of high‐definition laryngoscopy (HDL) in the diagnosis of PSF.From January 2017 to December 2019, patients with PSF were enrolled into this study. HDL was performed without general anesthesia. Laryngoscopy characteristics were analyzed. An inner orifice in the pyriform fossa indicated the presence of PSF. The diagnostic accuracy of HDL was compared to that of barium swallow.A total of 56 patients (33 males and 23 females, ages 2–57 years) were included. The positive predictive value of HDL was 96.4%, and that of barium swallow was 89.2%. Compared to pronouncing the English letter “e,” anterior cervical skin traction plus Valsalva maneuver could offer a clearer view of the inner orifice in the pyriform fossa (χ2 = 11.187, p < 0.05). Nevertheless, compared to barium swallow, HDL showed no statistically significant difference in diagnosing PSF (χ2 = 2.598, p > 0.05).Both HDL and barium swallow have their advantages and are complementary in diagnosing PSF. Their combination may achieve a higher diagnostic accuracy for PFS.","PeriodicalId":510563,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"109 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Usama Waqar, A. Arif, A. Hameed, S. M. A. Zaidi, Muhammad Hamza, H. Iftikhar, Huma Naz, S. A. Abbas
Racial disparities persist despite attempts to establish an egalitarian framework for surgical care. This study aimed to investigate racioethnic disparities in comorbidities and outcomes following surgery for head and neck tumors.This retrospective study included adult patients who underwent head and neck oncologic surgery between 2008 and 2020 from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to explore the association of the following racioethnic categories with postoperative outcomes: White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian.A total of 113,234 patients were included in the study, comprising 78.3% White, 8.7% Black, 6.9% Hispanic, and 6.0% Asian patients. Black patients had higher rates of pre‐existing comorbidities compared to White patients. Specifically, the rates of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (19.8% vs. 12.4%), hypertension (57.5% vs. 41.5%), smoking history (18.8% vs. 15.0%), dyspnea (7.4% vs. 5.7%), and preoperative anemia (43.6% vs. 36.5%) were higher among Black patients. On regression analyses, Black race was not associated with major morbidity following head and neck oncologic surgeries (odds ratio, 1.098, 95% confidence interval, 0.935–1.289) when compared to White patients. However, there were significant associations between the comorbidities associated with the Black race and an increased risk of major morbidity.Black patients undergoing head and neck oncologic surgery face a significant challenge due to a higher burden of comorbidities. These comorbidities, in turn, have been found to be associated with postoperative major morbidity.
{"title":"Racioethnic disparities in comorbidities and outcomes following head and neck oncologic surgery","authors":"Usama Waqar, A. Arif, A. Hameed, S. M. A. Zaidi, Muhammad Hamza, H. Iftikhar, Huma Naz, S. A. Abbas","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wjo2.178","url":null,"abstract":"Racial disparities persist despite attempts to establish an egalitarian framework for surgical care. This study aimed to investigate racioethnic disparities in comorbidities and outcomes following surgery for head and neck tumors.This retrospective study included adult patients who underwent head and neck oncologic surgery between 2008 and 2020 from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to explore the association of the following racioethnic categories with postoperative outcomes: White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian.A total of 113,234 patients were included in the study, comprising 78.3% White, 8.7% Black, 6.9% Hispanic, and 6.0% Asian patients. Black patients had higher rates of pre‐existing comorbidities compared to White patients. Specifically, the rates of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (19.8% vs. 12.4%), hypertension (57.5% vs. 41.5%), smoking history (18.8% vs. 15.0%), dyspnea (7.4% vs. 5.7%), and preoperative anemia (43.6% vs. 36.5%) were higher among Black patients. On regression analyses, Black race was not associated with major morbidity following head and neck oncologic surgeries (odds ratio, 1.098, 95% confidence interval, 0.935–1.289) when compared to White patients. However, there were significant associations between the comorbidities associated with the Black race and an increased risk of major morbidity.Black patients undergoing head and neck oncologic surgery face a significant challenge due to a higher burden of comorbidities. These comorbidities, in turn, have been found to be associated with postoperative major morbidity.","PeriodicalId":510563,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meng‐Fan Liu, Rui‐Xia Ma, Xian‐Bao Cao, Hua Zhang, Shui‐Hong Zhou, Wei‐Hong Jiang, Yan Jiang, Jing‐Wu Sun, Qin‐Tai Yang, Xue‐Zhong Li, Ya‐Nan Sun, Li Shi, Min Wang, Xi‐Cheng Song, Fu‐Quan Chen, Xiao‐Shu Zhang, H. Wei, Shao‐Qing Yu, Dong‐Dong Zhu, L. Ba, Zhi‐Wei Cao, Xu‐Ping Xiao, Xin Wei, Zhi‐Hong Lin, Feng‐Hong Chen, Chun‐Guang Shan, Guang‐Ke Wang, J. Ye, S. Qu, Chang‐Qing Zhao, Zhen‐Lin Wang, Hua-bin Li, Feng Liu, Xiao‐Bo Cui, Sheng‐Nan Ye, Zheng Liu, Yu Xu, Xiao Cai, Wei Huang, Ru‐Xin Zhang, Yu-lin Zhao, Guo‐Dong Yu, Guang‐Gang Shi, M. Lu, Yang Shen, Yu‐Tong Zhao, Jiamin Pei, S. Xie, Longgang Yu, Ye-hai Liu, Shao‐Wei Gu, Yucheng Yang, Lei Cheng, Jian‐Feng liu
This cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the epidemiology of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to COVID‐19 in mainland China.This study was conducted by 45 tertiary Grade‐A hospitals in mainland China. Online and offline questionnaire data were obtained from patients infected with COVID‐19 between December 28, 2022, and February 21, 2023. The collected information included basic demographics, medical history, smoking and drinking history, vaccination history, changes in olfactory and gustatory functions before and after infection, and other postinfection symptoms, as well as the duration and improvement status of olfactory and gustatory disorders.Complete questionnaires were obtained from 35,566 subjects. The overall incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunction was 67.75%. Being female or being a cigarette smoker increased the likelihood of developing olfactory and taste dysfunction. Having received four doses of the vaccine or having good oral health or being a alcohol drinker decreased the risk of such dysfunction. Before infection, the average olfactory and taste VAS scores were 8.41 and 8.51, respectively; after infection, they decreased to 3.69 and 4.29 and recovered to 5.83 and 6.55 by the time of the survey. The median duration of dysosmia and dysgeusia was 15 and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% of patients having symptoms lasting for more than 28 days. The overall self‐reported improvement rate was 59.16%. Recovery was higher in males, never smokers, those who received two or three vaccine doses, and those that had never experienced dental health issues, or chronic accompanying symptoms.The incidence of dysosmia and dysgeusia following infection with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is high in mainland China. Incidence and prognosis are influenced by several factors, including sex, SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination, history of head‐facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking and drinking history, and the persistence of accompanying symptoms.
{"title":"Incidence and prognosis of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron strain infection in mainland China: A national multicenter survey of 35,566 individuals","authors":"Meng‐Fan Liu, Rui‐Xia Ma, Xian‐Bao Cao, Hua Zhang, Shui‐Hong Zhou, Wei‐Hong Jiang, Yan Jiang, Jing‐Wu Sun, Qin‐Tai Yang, Xue‐Zhong Li, Ya‐Nan Sun, Li Shi, Min Wang, Xi‐Cheng Song, Fu‐Quan Chen, Xiao‐Shu Zhang, H. Wei, Shao‐Qing Yu, Dong‐Dong Zhu, L. Ba, Zhi‐Wei Cao, Xu‐Ping Xiao, Xin Wei, Zhi‐Hong Lin, Feng‐Hong Chen, Chun‐Guang Shan, Guang‐Ke Wang, J. Ye, S. Qu, Chang‐Qing Zhao, Zhen‐Lin Wang, Hua-bin Li, Feng Liu, Xiao‐Bo Cui, Sheng‐Nan Ye, Zheng Liu, Yu Xu, Xiao Cai, Wei Huang, Ru‐Xin Zhang, Yu-lin Zhao, Guo‐Dong Yu, Guang‐Gang Shi, M. Lu, Yang Shen, Yu‐Tong Zhao, Jiamin Pei, S. Xie, Longgang Yu, Ye-hai Liu, Shao‐Wei Gu, Yucheng Yang, Lei Cheng, Jian‐Feng liu","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wjo2.167","url":null,"abstract":"This cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the epidemiology of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to COVID‐19 in mainland China.This study was conducted by 45 tertiary Grade‐A hospitals in mainland China. Online and offline questionnaire data were obtained from patients infected with COVID‐19 between December 28, 2022, and February 21, 2023. The collected information included basic demographics, medical history, smoking and drinking history, vaccination history, changes in olfactory and gustatory functions before and after infection, and other postinfection symptoms, as well as the duration and improvement status of olfactory and gustatory disorders.Complete questionnaires were obtained from 35,566 subjects. The overall incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunction was 67.75%. Being female or being a cigarette smoker increased the likelihood of developing olfactory and taste dysfunction. Having received four doses of the vaccine or having good oral health or being a alcohol drinker decreased the risk of such dysfunction. Before infection, the average olfactory and taste VAS scores were 8.41 and 8.51, respectively; after infection, they decreased to 3.69 and 4.29 and recovered to 5.83 and 6.55 by the time of the survey. The median duration of dysosmia and dysgeusia was 15 and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% of patients having symptoms lasting for more than 28 days. The overall self‐reported improvement rate was 59.16%. Recovery was higher in males, never smokers, those who received two or three vaccine doses, and those that had never experienced dental health issues, or chronic accompanying symptoms.The incidence of dysosmia and dysgeusia following infection with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is high in mainland China. Incidence and prognosis are influenced by several factors, including sex, SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination, history of head‐facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking and drinking history, and the persistence of accompanying symptoms.","PeriodicalId":510563,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"75 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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