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All quantum mixtures are proper 所有量子混合物都是适当的
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.1142/s0219749923500193
L. Castellani
It is argued that proper and improper quantum mixed states have no observable differences, and hence should not be distinguished. This has implications for subjective approaches to quantum mechanics, and invalidates one of the main motivations for relational interpretations of QM.
认为固有量子混合态和非固有量子混合态没有可观察到的差别,因此不应加以区分。这对量子力学的主观方法有影响,并使量子力学的关系解释的主要动机之一失效。
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引用次数: 1
The security analysis of the BB84 protocol in the case of Calderbank–Shor–Steane code leakage Calderbank–Shor–Steane代码泄漏情况下BB84协议的安全性分析
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.1142/s0219749921500428
Ming Fang, Ya-Ping Li, Li Fei
Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows authenticated parties to share secure keys. Its security comes from quantum physics rather than computational complexity. The previous work has been able to demonstrate the security of the BB84 protocol based on the uncertainty principle, entanglement purification and information theory. In the security proof method based on entanglement purification, it is assumed that the information of Calderbank–Shor–Steane (CSS) error correction code cannot be leaked, otherwise, it is insecure. However, there is no quantitative analysis of the relationship between the parameter of CSS code and the amount of information leaked. In the attack and defense strategy of the actual quantum key distribution system, especially in the application of the device that is easy to lose or out of control, it is necessary to assess the impact of the parameter leakage. In this paper, we derive the relationship between the leaked parameter of CSS code and the amount of the final key leakage based on the BB84 protocol. Based on this formula, we simulated the impact of different CSS code parameter leaks on the final key amount. Through the analysis of simulation results, the security of the BB84 protocol is inversely proportional to the value of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the case of the CSS code leak.
量子密钥分发(QKD)允许经过身份验证的各方共享安全密钥。它的安全性来自量子物理,而不是计算复杂性。基于不确定性原理、纠缠净化和信息论,前人的工作已经能够证明BB84协议的安全性。在基于纠缠净化的安全证明方法中,假设CSS (calderbank - shorr - steane)纠错码信息不能泄露,否则是不安全的。但是,目前还没有对CSS代码参数与信息泄露量之间的关系进行定量分析。在实际量子密钥分配系统的攻防策略中,特别是在易丢失或失控设备的应用中,有必要对参数泄露的影响进行评估。本文基于BB84协议推导了CSS代码的泄露参数与最终密钥泄露量之间的关系。基于此公式,我们模拟了不同CSS代码参数泄漏对最终密钥量的影响。通过仿真结果分析,在CSS代码泄漏的情况下,BB84协议的安全性与[公式:见文]和[公式:见文]的值成反比。
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引用次数: 0
Simulating the Hamiltonian of Dimer Atomic Spin Model of One Dimensional Optical Lattice on Quantum Computers 在量子计算机上模拟一维光学晶格二聚体原子自旋模型的哈密顿量
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2022-01-05 DOI: 10.1142/s0219749923500028
Sudev Pradhan, Amlandeep Nayak, S. K. Satpathy, Tanmaya Shree Behera, Ankita Misra, Debashis Swain, B. K. Behera
The one-dimensional Ising model with its connections to several physical concepts plays a vital role in comprehension of several principles, phenomena and numerical methods. The Hamiltonian of a coupled one-dimensional dissipative spin system in the presence of magnetic field can be obtained from the Ising model. We simulate the above Hamiltonian by designing a quantum circuit with precise gate measurement and execute with the IBMQ experience platform through different N states with controlled energy separation where we can check quantum synchronization in a dissipative lattice system. Our result shows the relation between various entangled states, the relation between the different energy separation (ω) with the spin-spin coupling (λ) in the lattice, along with fidelity calculations for several iterations of the model used. We also estimate the ground and first excited energy states of Ising-Hamiltonian using VQE algorithm and investigate the lowest energy values varying the number of layers of ansatz.
一维伊辛模型及其与几个物理概念的联系在理解几个原理、现象和数值方法方面发挥着至关重要的作用。耦合的一维耗散自旋系统在磁场存在下的哈密顿量可以从Ising模型中得到。我们通过设计一个具有精确栅极测量的量子电路来模拟上述哈密顿量,并在IBMQ体验平台上通过具有受控能量分离的不同N态执行,在那里我们可以检查耗散晶格系统中的量子同步。我们的结果显示了各种纠缠态之间的关系,晶格中不同能量分离(ω)与自旋-自旋耦合(λ)之间的关系以及所用模型的几次迭代的保真度计算。我们还使用VQE算法估计了伊辛哈密顿量的基态和第一激发能态,并研究了随模拟层数变化的最低能量值。
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引用次数: 0
Protection of noisy multipartite entangled states of superconducting qubits via universally robust dynamical decoupling schemes 利用通用鲁棒动态解耦方案保护超导量子比特的多部纠缠态
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.1142/s0219749923500168
Akanksha Gautam, Arvind, K. Dorai
We demonstrate the efficacy of the universally robust dynamical decoupling (URDD) sequence to preserve multipartite maximally entangled quantum states on a cloud based quantum computer via the IBM platform. URDD is a technique that can compensate for experimental errors and simultaneously protect the state against environmental noise. To further improve the performance of the URDD sequence, phase randomization (PR) as well as correlated phase randomization (CPR) techniques are added to the basic URDD sequence. The performance of the URDD sequence is quantified by measuring the entanglement in several noisy entangled states (two-qubit triplet state, three-qubit GHZ state, four-qubit GHZ state and four-qubit cluster state) at several time points. Our experimental results demonstrate that the URDD sequence is successfully able to protect noisy multipartite entangled states and its performance is substantially improved by adding the phase randomization and correlated phase randomization sequences.
我们通过IBM平台在基于云的量子计算机上证明了普遍鲁棒动态解耦(URDD)序列保持多部分最大纠缠量子态的有效性。URDD是一种可以补偿实验误差并同时保护状态免受环境噪声影响的技术。为了进一步提高URDD序列的性能,将相位随机化(PR)以及相关相位随机化(CPR)技术添加到基本URDD序列中。URDD序列的性能是通过在几个时间点测量几个有噪声纠缠态(两量子位三重态、三量子位GHZ态、四量子位GHZ态和四量子位簇态)中的纠缠来量化的。我们的实验结果表明,URDD序列能够成功地保护有噪声的多部分纠缠态,并且通过添加相位随机化和相关相位随机化序列,其性能得到了显著提高。
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引用次数: 2
Short-time coherence of a qubit and measurement apparatus 量子位和测量装置的短时间相干性
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.1142/s0219749922500034
F. Giraldi
The effects of the measurement apparatus on quantum coherence are studied by considering a purely dephasing model of a qubit. The initial state is prepared from a thermal state of the whole system by performing a nonselective measurement on the qubit. The magnitude of the initial postmeasurement coherence is bounded by the value [Formula: see text], which is realized with special measurement schemes and in the low-temperature limit. The coherence magnitude identically vanishes, increases or decreases with an approximately constant rate over a determined short-time scale, according to the choice of the preparation measurement. The maximization of the short-time increasing or decreasing rate is favored by the choice of other special measurement schemes and the high-temperature limit. The measurement apparatus allows to manipulate the quantum coherence of the qubit over short times via nonselective preparation measurements.
通过考虑量子位的纯去相位模型,研究了测量装置对量子相干的影响。通过对量子位执行非选择性测量,从整个系统的热状态准备初始状态。初始测量后相干性的大小受值[公式:见正文]的限制,该值通过特殊的测量方案在低温极限下实现。根据准备测量的选择,相干幅度在确定的短时间尺度上以近似恒定的速率相同地消失、增加或减少。通过选择其他特殊的测量方案和高温极限,有利于短期增加或减少速率的最大化。该测量装置允许通过非选择性制备测量在短时间内操纵量子位的量子相干。
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引用次数: 0
Reconstructing a quantum state with a variational autoencoder 用变分自动编码器重构量子态
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.1142/s0219749921400050
Chuangtao Chen, Zhimin He, Zhiming Huang, Haozhen Situ
Quantum state tomography (QST) is an important and challenging task in the field of quantum information, which has attracted a lot of attentions in recent years. Machine learning models can provide a classical representation of the quantum state after trained on the measurement outcomes, which are part of effective techniques to solve QST problem. In this work, we use a variational autoencoder (VAE) to learn the measurement distribution of two quantum states generated by MPS circuits. We first consider the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state which can be generated by a simple MPS circuit. Simulation results show that a VAE can reconstruct 3- to 8-qubit GHZ states with a high fidelity, i.e., 0.99, and is robust to depolarizing noise. The minimum number ([Formula: see text]) of training samples required to reconstruct the GHZ state up to 0.99 fidelity scales approximately linearly with the number of qubits ([Formula: see text]). However, for the quantum state generated by a complex MPS circuit, [Formula: see text] increases exponentially with [Formula: see text], especially for the quantum state with high entanglement entropy.
量子态层析成像(QST)是量子信息领域的一项重要而富有挑战性的任务,近年来引起了人们的广泛关注。机器学习模型在对测量结果进行训练后,可以提供量子状态的经典表示,这是解决QST问题的有效技术的一部分。在这项工作中,我们使用变分自动编码器(VAE)来学习MPS电路产生的两个量子态的测量分布。我们首先考虑可以由简单的MPS电路产生的Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger(GHZ)态。仿真结果表明,VAE可以以0.99的高保真度重建3到8量子比特的GHZ状态,并且对去极化噪声具有鲁棒性。重建高达0.99保真度的GHZ状态所需的训练样本的最小数量([公式:见正文])与量子位的数量近似线性([公式,见正文]])。然而,对于复杂MPS电路产生的量子态,[公式:见正文]随[公式:参见正文]呈指数增长,尤其是对于具有高纠缠熵的量子态。
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引用次数: 1
Mathematical framework for describing multipartite entanglement in terms of rows or columns of coefficient matrices 用系数矩阵的行或列来描述多部纠缠的数学框架
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.1142/s0219749921500350
Yi Huang, Huapeng Yu, Fang Miao, T. Han, Xiujun Zhang
In this paper, we develop a mathematical framework for describing entanglement quantitatively and qualitatively for multipartite qudit states in terms of rows or columns of coefficient matrices. More specifically, we propose an entanglement measure and separability criteria based on rows or columns of coefficient matrices. This entanglement measure has an explicit mathematical expression by means of exterior products of all pairs of rows or columns in coefficient matrices. It is introduced via our result that the [Formula: see text]-concurrence coincides with the entanglement measure based on two-by-two minors of coefficient matrices. Depending on our entanglement measure, we obtain the separability criteria and maximal entanglement criteria in terms of rows or columns of coefficient matrices. Our conclusions show that just like every two-by-two minor in a coefficient matrix of a multipartite pure state, every pair of rows or columns can also exhibit its entanglement properties, and thus can be viewed as its smallest entanglement contribution unit too. The great merit of our entanglement measure and separability criteria is two-fold. First, they are very practical and convenient for computation compared to other methods. Second, they have clear geometric interpretations.
在本文中,我们开发了一个数学框架,用于用系数矩阵的行或列来定量和定性描述多部分量子态的纠缠。更具体地说,我们提出了一种基于系数矩阵行或列的纠缠测度和可分性准则。这种纠缠测度通过系数矩阵中所有行或列对的外积具有明确的数学表达式。通过我们的结果介绍了[公式:见正文]-并发性与基于系数矩阵的二乘二次的纠缠测度一致。根据我们的纠缠测度,我们得到了系数矩阵行或列的可分性准则和最大纠缠准则。我们的结论表明,就像多部分纯态的系数矩阵中的每一个二乘二的子一样,每一对行或列也可以表现出其纠缠性质,因此也可以被视为其最小的纠缠贡献单元。我们的纠缠测度和可分性准则的巨大优点是双重的。首先,与其他方法相比,它们非常实用,计算方便。其次,它们有明确的几何解释。
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引用次数: 1
Margenau-hill operator valued measures and joint measurability Margenau-hill算子值测度与联合可测度性
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-11-27 DOI: 10.1142/S021974992250023X
Seeta Vasudevrao, H. Karthik, I. Reena, Sudha, A. R. Usha Devi
We employ the Margenau-Hill (MH) correspondence rule for associating classical functions with quantum operators to construct quasi-probability mass functions. Using this we obtain the fuzzy one parameter quasi measurement operator (QMO) characterizing the incompatibility of non-commuting spin observables of qubits, qutrits and 2-qubit systems. Positivity of the fuzzy MH-QMO places upper bounds on the associated unsharpness parameter. This serves as a sufficient condition for measurement incompatibility of spin observables. We assess the amount of unsharpness required for joint measurability (compatibility) of the non-commuting qubit, qutrit and 2-qubit observables. We show that the {em degree of compatibility} of a pair of orthogonal qubit observables agrees perfectly with the necessary and sufficient conditions for joint measurability. Furthermore, we obtain analytical upper bounds on the unsharpness parameter specifying the range of joint measurability of spin components of qutrits and pairs of orthogonal spin observables of a 2-qubit system. Our results indicate that the measurement incompatibility of spin observables increases with Hilbert space dimension.
利用经典函数与量子算子相关联的Margenau-Hill (MH)对应规则构造准概率质量函数。由此得到了表征量子位、量子位和双量子位系统非交换自旋观测不相容的模糊单参数拟测量算子(QMO)。模糊MH-QMO的正性为相关的不锐度参数设置了上界。这是自旋观测值测量不相容的充分条件。我们评估了非交换量子位、量子位和2量子位观察物的联合可测量性(兼容性)所需的不锐度。我们证明了一对正交量子比特观测值的{em相容度}完全符合联合可测性的充分必要条件。在此基础上,给出了2-量子位元系统中自旋分量和正交自旋观测对的联合可测范围的非锐度参数的解析上界。结果表明,自旋观测值的测量不相容性随着希尔伯特空间维数的增加而增加。
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引用次数: 0
Study of potential games using Ising interaction 利用Ising交互研究潜在博弈
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1142/s0219749921500349
U. Tejasvi, R. Eithiraj, S. Balakrishnan
Problems can be handled properly in game theory as long as a countable number of players are considered, whereas, in real life, we have a large number of players. Hence, games at the thermodynamic limit are analyzed in general. There is a one-to-one correspondence between classical games and the modeled Hamiltonian at a particular equilibrium condition, usually the Nash equilibrium. Such a correspondence is arrived for symmetric games, namely the Prisoner’s Dilemma using the Ising Hamiltonian. In this work, we have shown that another class of games known as potential games can be analyzed with the Ising Hamiltonian. Analysis of this work brings out very close observation with real-world scenarios. In other words, the model of a potential game studied using Ising Hamiltonian predicts behavioral aspects of a large population precisely.
在博弈论中,只要考虑到可数的参与者,问题就能得到妥善处理,而在现实生活中,我们有大量的参与者。因此,一般地分析热力学极限下的博弈。在特定的均衡条件下(通常是纳什均衡),经典博弈和模型哈密顿函数之间存在一对一的对应关系。这种对应关系适用于对称博弈,即使用伊辛哈密顿量的囚徒困境。在这项工作中,我们已经证明了另一类被称为潜在博弈的博弈可以用伊辛哈密顿量来分析。对这项工作的分析带来了对现实世界场景的非常密切的观察。换句话说,使用伊辛哈密顿模型研究的潜在博弈模型精确地预测了大量人口的行为方面。
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引用次数: 0
The tunable 0−π qubit: Dynamics and relaxation 可调谐的0−π量子比特:动力学和弛豫
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1142/s0219749921500325
G. Rajpoot, K. Kumari, S. Joshi, S. Jain
In this paper, we present a systematic treatment of a [Formula: see text] qubit in the presence of a time-dependent external flux. A gauge-invariant Lagrangian and the corresponding Hamiltonian are obtained. The effect of the flux noise on the qubit relaxation is obtained using the perturbation theory. Under a time-dependent drive of sinusoidal form, the survival probability, and transition probabilities have been studied for different strengths and frequencies. The driven qubit is shown to possess coherent oscillations among two distinct states for a weak to moderate strength close to resonant frequencies of the unperturbed qubit. The parameters can be chosen to prepare the system in its ground state. This feature paves the way to prolong the lifetime by combining ideas from weak measurement and quantum Zeno effect. We believe that this is an important variation of a topologically protected qubit which is tunable.
在本文中,我们提出了一个系统的处理一个[公式:见文本]量子位在时间相关的外部通量的存在。得到了一个规范不变的拉格朗日量和相应的哈密顿量。利用微扰理论得到了通量噪声对量子比特弛豫的影响。在正弦形式的时间驱动下,研究了不同强度和频率下的生存概率和转移概率。被驱动的量子比特在两个不同的状态之间具有相干振荡,其弱至中等强度接近未受扰动量子比特的共振频率。可以选择参数使系统处于基态。这一特性结合弱测量和量子芝诺效应的思想,为延长寿命铺平了道路。我们认为这是拓扑保护量子比特的一个重要变化,它是可调的。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
International Journal of Quantum Information
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