Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.37394/23207.2024.21.95
N. Aida, Ghania Atiqasani, Widia Anggi Palupi
This study uses descriptive quantitative methods to explain the influence of the tourism sector on economic growth in Indonesia in the 2006–2021 period. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model is the model chosen to explain the influence between variables. The variables used in projecting the tourism sector in this study are foreign exchange receipts in the tourism sector, the number of workers in the tourism industry, and travel services. The results showed that foreign exchange receipts in the tourism and travel services sectors positively influence Indonesia’s economic growth. Conversely, the variable number of workers in the tourism industry is detrimental to economic growth in Indonesia. Furthermore, it is known that foreign exchange receipts in the tourism sector and workers in the tourism industry significantly impact economic growth in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the increase in travel services in Indonesia has not been able to contribute to Indonesia’s economic growth in the 2006–2021 time period.
{"title":"The Effect of the Tourism Sector on Economic Growth in Indonesia","authors":"N. Aida, Ghania Atiqasani, Widia Anggi Palupi","doi":"10.37394/23207.2024.21.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2024.21.95","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses descriptive quantitative methods to explain the influence of the tourism sector on economic growth in Indonesia in the 2006–2021 period. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model is the model chosen to explain the influence between variables. The variables used in projecting the tourism sector in this study are foreign exchange receipts in the tourism sector, the number of workers in the tourism industry, and travel services. The results showed that foreign exchange receipts in the tourism and travel services sectors positively influence Indonesia’s economic growth. Conversely, the variable number of workers in the tourism industry is detrimental to economic growth in Indonesia. Furthermore, it is known that foreign exchange receipts in the tourism sector and workers in the tourism industry significantly impact economic growth in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the increase in travel services in Indonesia has not been able to contribute to Indonesia’s economic growth in the 2006–2021 time period.","PeriodicalId":510668,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140992404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.37394/23207.2024.21.93
Hossam Haddad, E. Alharasis, Jihad Fraij, N. Al-Ramahi
The purpose of this article is to look at recent developments in forensic accounting that have to do with preventing and investigating fraud. The following new developments in forensic accounting are being studied by doing a thorough literature review: data analytics, cyber forensic accounting, and the impact of blockchain and cryptocurrencies on the field. We take a close look at each new trend, breaking it down into its uses, pros, disadvantages, and ethical implications. Case studies and real-world examples back up the findings, showing how effective these fraud prevention and investigation tendencies are. Investigations into financial crimes employing information technology have their own set of challenges, which the report sheds light on. Blockchain technology’s capacity to increase accountability, traceability, and transparency in financial transactions is also explored. To improve fraud detection and prevention efforts, the study finishes with suggestions for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to adapt to and take advantage of these new trends. To effectively identify and discourage financial crime in the constantly evolving world of new technology, the study finishes by stressing the necessity for continuous research and innovation, highlighting the dynamic character of forensic accounting.
{"title":"How Do Innovative Improvements in Forensic Accounting and Its Related Technologies Sweeten Fraud Investigation and Prevention?","authors":"Hossam Haddad, E. Alharasis, Jihad Fraij, N. Al-Ramahi","doi":"10.37394/23207.2024.21.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2024.21.93","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to look at recent developments in forensic accounting that have to do with preventing and investigating fraud. The following new developments in forensic accounting are being studied by doing a thorough literature review: data analytics, cyber forensic accounting, and the impact of blockchain and cryptocurrencies on the field. We take a close look at each new trend, breaking it down into its uses, pros, disadvantages, and ethical implications. Case studies and real-world examples back up the findings, showing how effective these fraud prevention and investigation tendencies are. Investigations into financial crimes employing information technology have their own set of challenges, which the report sheds light on. Blockchain technology’s capacity to increase accountability, traceability, and transparency in financial transactions is also explored. To improve fraud detection and prevention efforts, the study finishes with suggestions for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to adapt to and take advantage of these new trends. To effectively identify and discourage financial crime in the constantly evolving world of new technology, the study finishes by stressing the necessity for continuous research and innovation, highlighting the dynamic character of forensic accounting.","PeriodicalId":510668,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.37394/23207.2024.21.92
Jamila Hasanova, K. Najafova
The research work is devoted to the analysis of mutual relations between the European Union and the Republic of Azerbaijan in the field of gas supply. In addition, the short-term and long-term measures implemented by the European Union countries in response to the changes in the political arena in recent times were reviewed. The relevance of the topic is related to the opening of economic and transport communications after the Second Karabakh war. The region is an important link between Asia and Europe, and Azerbaijan is an important energy partner of the EU as an exporter of oil and natural gas. In addition, considering the existing gas production potential of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the development of this field is a very important field for the country’s economy. The article focuses on the directions of cooperation of the parties in the matter of production and transit of energy resources. The main result is that it is designed as a framework that allows the two parties to develop their relations in the form of mutually beneficial projects based on market principles.
{"title":"Development of Trade-Econimic Relations between Azerbaijan-EU Countries in the Field of Natural Gas Supply","authors":"Jamila Hasanova, K. Najafova","doi":"10.37394/23207.2024.21.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2024.21.92","url":null,"abstract":"The research work is devoted to the analysis of mutual relations between the European Union and the Republic of Azerbaijan in the field of gas supply. In addition, the short-term and long-term measures implemented by the European Union countries in response to the changes in the political arena in recent times were reviewed. The relevance of the topic is related to the opening of economic and transport communications after the Second Karabakh war. The region is an important link between Asia and Europe, and Azerbaijan is an important energy partner of the EU as an exporter of oil and natural gas. In addition, considering the existing gas production potential of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the development of this field is a very important field for the country’s economy. The article focuses on the directions of cooperation of the parties in the matter of production and transit of energy resources. The main result is that it is designed as a framework that allows the two parties to develop their relations in the form of mutually beneficial projects based on market principles.","PeriodicalId":510668,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS","volume":"77 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.37394/23207.2024.21.90
Heru Wahyudi, Ukhti Ciptawaty, Arivina Ratih
The Indonesian government through the National Energy Council (DEN) has a target for new renewable energy to be increased, starting from 2025 with a target of 23 percent to 2060 with a target of 66 percent, but ,new renewable energy in Indonesia only increases 0.55 percent per year. Indonesia has great potential, but can the potential be maximized by the government in the direction of a better and environmentally friendly energy policy. This study analyzes the movement of renewable energy and CO2 emissions to the Indonesian economy from 1990-2021, using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) statistical method by considering short-term and long-term results in the model. The results show that in the long and short-term economy the role of GDP per unit of energy use for the economy is needed and has a positive effect, the role of carbon emissions in the short and long term CO2 has a positive and significant direction, non-renewable energy in the long term and short term is still moving negative and significant, this indicates that renewable energy in Indonesia tends to be low, energy replacement must be carried out slowly and gradually, shock response conditions conclude when GDP energy use and CO2 are affected by a negative shock will disrupt economic development, meanwhile, if there is a negative shock on consumption Renewable energy still tends to be stable and positive for the development of the Indonesian economy.
印尼政府通过国家能源委员会（DEN）制定了增加可再生能源的目标，从 2025 年的 23% 到 2060 年的 66%，但印尼的可再生能源每年仅增长 0.55%。印尼拥有巨大的潜力，但政府能否最大限度地挖掘潜力，制定出更好、更环保的能源政策。本研究采用向量误差修正模型（VECM）统计方法，通过考虑模型中的短期和长期结果，分析了 1990-2021 年间可再生能源和二氧化碳排放对印尼经济的影响。结果表明，在长期和短期经济中，单位能源使用量的 GDP 对经济的作用是需要的，且具有正向作用，碳排放在短期和长期 CO2 的作用具有正向显著性，不可再生能源在长期和短期仍呈负向显著性移动，这表明印尼的可再生能源趋于低水平、能源替代必须缓慢、渐进地进行，冲击响应条件的结论是当 GDP 能源使用量和二氧化碳受到负面冲击时，经济发展将受到干扰，同时，如果消费受到负面冲击，可再生能源对印尼经济的发展仍趋于稳定和积极。
{"title":"Planning and Policy Direction for Utilization of Renewable Energy in Sustainable Development in Indonesia","authors":"Heru Wahyudi, Ukhti Ciptawaty, Arivina Ratih","doi":"10.37394/23207.2024.21.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2024.21.90","url":null,"abstract":"The Indonesian government through the National Energy Council (DEN) has a target for new renewable energy to be increased, starting from 2025 with a target of 23 percent to 2060 with a target of 66 percent, but ,new renewable energy in Indonesia only increases 0.55 percent per year. Indonesia has great potential, but can the potential be maximized by the government in the direction of a better and environmentally friendly energy policy. This study analyzes the movement of renewable energy and CO2 emissions to the Indonesian economy from 1990-2021, using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) statistical method by considering short-term and long-term results in the model. The results show that in the long and short-term economy the role of GDP per unit of energy use for the economy is needed and has a positive effect, the role of carbon emissions in the short and long term CO2 has a positive and significant direction, non-renewable energy in the long term and short term is still moving negative and significant, this indicates that renewable energy in Indonesia tends to be low, energy replacement must be carried out slowly and gradually, shock response conditions conclude when GDP energy use and CO2 are affected by a negative shock will disrupt economic development, meanwhile, if there is a negative shock on consumption Renewable energy still tends to be stable and positive for the development of the Indonesian economy.","PeriodicalId":510668,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS","volume":"66 S14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.37394/23207.2024.21.91
Elton Guberaj, Denisa Kurtaj, A. Kapaj
The financial scene in Albania, has seen some significant changes over time, shaped by different market situations and rules that put specific limits on financial choices. In today’s world, where globalization and competition are running high, making smart financial moves is crucial for a company’s success. Most studies on traditional finance have been mostly focused on analyzing how a company’s everyday performance is connected with the amount of debt. These studies try to investigate the complex relationship between financial leverage and the factors that make a company successful. Deferent researchers have been looking into the basic details of financial leverage, focusing on theories like the pecking order, which suggests that companies Fprefer using their own money rather than borrowing from outside. Despite having an assembly of theories, there’s no one answer for how a company should balance its money or which financial moves guarantee success. Every business is different, dealing with unique challenges in its way. Understanding how a company acquires its funding and where it originates plays a crucial role for businesses aiming to economize while trying to achieve substantial growth. This highlights how important it is to set up a money plan that looks out for the company’s interests. Interestingly, in a market where there’s no tax on money moves, the way a company sets up its money doesn’t seem to change how much it’s worth. Businesses have room to refine how much debt they carry, both in the short and long term, based on big investment decisions and the need for quick cash. The exact effect of leverage depends on several variables, such as the firm’s risk appetite, the state of the economy, and the dynamics of the industry. To summarize, the main goal of this empirical investigation is to clarify the relationship between financial leverage and the performance curve of Albania’s second-level banks throughout the ten years from 2012 to 2022. This investigation seeks to clarify if financial leverage methods were modified by Albanian banks, especially second-level banks, in response to changing market dynamics and regulatory changes, and how these modifications affected the banks’ overall performance.
{"title":"An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Financial Leverage on the Performance of Second-Level Banks in Albania","authors":"Elton Guberaj, Denisa Kurtaj, A. Kapaj","doi":"10.37394/23207.2024.21.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2024.21.91","url":null,"abstract":"The financial scene in Albania, has seen some significant changes over time, shaped by different market situations and rules that put specific limits on financial choices. In today’s world, where globalization and competition are running high, making smart financial moves is crucial for a company’s success. Most studies on traditional finance have been mostly focused on analyzing how a company’s everyday performance is connected with the amount of debt. These studies try to investigate the complex relationship between financial leverage and the factors that make a company successful. Deferent researchers have been looking into the basic details of financial leverage, focusing on theories like the pecking order, which suggests that companies Fprefer using their own money rather than borrowing from outside. Despite having an assembly of theories, there’s no one answer for how a company should balance its money or which financial moves guarantee success. Every business is different, dealing with unique challenges in its way. Understanding how a company acquires its funding and where it originates plays a crucial role for businesses aiming to economize while trying to achieve substantial growth. This highlights how important it is to set up a money plan that looks out for the company’s interests. Interestingly, in a market where there’s no tax on money moves, the way a company sets up its money doesn’t seem to change how much it’s worth. Businesses have room to refine how much debt they carry, both in the short and long term, based on big investment decisions and the need for quick cash. The exact effect of leverage depends on several variables, such as the firm’s risk appetite, the state of the economy, and the dynamics of the industry. To summarize, the main goal of this empirical investigation is to clarify the relationship between financial leverage and the performance curve of Albania’s second-level banks throughout the ten years from 2012 to 2022. This investigation seeks to clarify if financial leverage methods were modified by Albanian banks, especially second-level banks, in response to changing market dynamics and regulatory changes, and how these modifications affected the banks’ overall performance.","PeriodicalId":510668,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS","volume":"93 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.37394/23207.2024.21.59
Olessya Misnik, N. Kuchukova, Zhanar Lukpanova, Aisulu Kulmaganbetova
The study conducted to assess the impact of the source of financing on the results of production activities of small and medium-sized businesses in agriculture in Kazakhstan is presented in the article. When building the model, the authors used the method of correlation and regression analysis, including calculations of pairwise regression, as well as the method of building statistical equations. Statistical data on the volume of financing of SMEs in agriculture by way of own funds, government resources (concessional lending, subsidies, and leasing), and non-state sources of financing such as borrowed funds from banks, microfinance organizations, credit partnerships, and leasing companies were used as the factors. Firstly, the results of the study showed that such factors as bank lending and leasing financing by private companies do not have a significant impact on production volumes. Secondly, of all the factors analyzed, the greatest impact on gross output was made by financing by microfinance organizations and credit partnerships, which determines and indicates the need for the development of non-state sources of financing. Thirdly, a comprehensive approach combining state financial support as well as available non-state financial resources is needed to achieve the strategic objectives of economic development and ensure the required level of food security.
{"title":"Forecasting the Impact of the Structure of Financing Sources on the Results of Production Activity in Agriculture","authors":"Olessya Misnik, N. Kuchukova, Zhanar Lukpanova, Aisulu Kulmaganbetova","doi":"10.37394/23207.2024.21.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2024.21.59","url":null,"abstract":"The study conducted to assess the impact of the source of financing on the results of production activities of small and medium-sized businesses in agriculture in Kazakhstan is presented in the article. When building the model, the authors used the method of correlation and regression analysis, including calculations of pairwise regression, as well as the method of building statistical equations. Statistical data on the volume of financing of SMEs in agriculture by way of own funds, government resources (concessional lending, subsidies, and leasing), and non-state sources of financing such as borrowed funds from banks, microfinance organizations, credit partnerships, and leasing companies were used as the factors. Firstly, the results of the study showed that such factors as bank lending and leasing financing by private companies do not have a significant impact on production volumes. Secondly, of all the factors analyzed, the greatest impact on gross output was made by financing by microfinance organizations and credit partnerships, which determines and indicates the need for the development of non-state sources of financing. Thirdly, a comprehensive approach combining state financial support as well as available non-state financial resources is needed to achieve the strategic objectives of economic development and ensure the required level of food security.","PeriodicalId":510668,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS","volume":"5 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140083268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.37394/23207.2024.21.60
Badreldin Mohamed Ahmed Abdulrahman, Anas Gareeballah Ahmed Ibrahim, Hashim Abdallah Adam Dawalbait
Foreign commerce is the term for the exchange of goods and services between nations, and it is subject to a wide range of laws, rules, and agreements. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the link between Sudan's economic growth, imports, and exports from 2005 to 2022. Based on a descriptive, analytical, and econometrics methodology, the study estimated the relationship between the study variables using a nonlinear autoregressive model (NARDL). The study's conclusions indicate that, during the study period, exports had a short-term negative influence on the rate of growth in the economy but a positive long-term impact. Additionally, imports have a short-term favorable effect on economic growth rates but a long-term negative one.
{"title":"Using Nonlinear Autoregressive Models to Investigate the Impact of Foreign Trade on Economic Growth in Sudan","authors":"Badreldin Mohamed Ahmed Abdulrahman, Anas Gareeballah Ahmed Ibrahim, Hashim Abdallah Adam Dawalbait","doi":"10.37394/23207.2024.21.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2024.21.60","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign commerce is the term for the exchange of goods and services between nations, and it is subject to a wide range of laws, rules, and agreements. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the link between Sudan's economic growth, imports, and exports from 2005 to 2022. Based on a descriptive, analytical, and econometrics methodology, the study estimated the relationship between the study variables using a nonlinear autoregressive model (NARDL). The study's conclusions indicate that, during the study period, exports had a short-term negative influence on the rate of growth in the economy but a positive long-term impact. Additionally, imports have a short-term favorable effect on economic growth rates but a long-term negative one.","PeriodicalId":510668,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS","volume":"112 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140091078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.37394/23207.2024.21.52
Marcin Relich
The transition of the energy system in the European Union (EU) from non-renewable to renewable energy aims to guarantee the energy supply, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reduce energy costs, and lead to industrial development, growth, and occupation. The revised renewable energy directive EU/2023/2413 raises the binding renewable target for the EU in 2030 to a minimum of 42.5%. This means almost doubling the existing share of energy from renewable sources in the EU. This study is concerned with presenting state-of-the-art regarding renewable energy sources in EU countries, predicting the share of renewable energy in 2030, and investigating the relationships between this share and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The results of the research indicate a significant relationship between increasing renewable energy sources and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions in the EU.
{"title":"Renewable Energy in the European Union: The State of the Art and Directions of Development","authors":"Marcin Relich","doi":"10.37394/23207.2024.21.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2024.21.52","url":null,"abstract":"The transition of the energy system in the European Union (EU) from non-renewable to renewable energy aims to guarantee the energy supply, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reduce energy costs, and lead to industrial development, growth, and occupation. The revised renewable energy directive EU/2023/2413 raises the binding renewable target for the EU in 2030 to a minimum of 42.5%. This means almost doubling the existing share of energy from renewable sources in the EU. This study is concerned with presenting state-of-the-art regarding renewable energy sources in EU countries, predicting the share of renewable energy in 2030, and investigating the relationships between this share and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The results of the research indicate a significant relationship between increasing renewable energy sources and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions in the EU.","PeriodicalId":510668,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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