Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2024-2-61-21
Iryna V. Taranenko, Elvina M. Lymonova, R. Kliuchnyk
In the context of global economic instability, which was intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic and the full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine, companies are paying more attention to internal factors, that can ensure long-term economic development and competitiveness. One of the most important business capabilities that determine a firm’s ability to develop effectively, is the competitive business strategy. Therefore, the priority task is to develop a strategy that aligns with the goals, available resources, and external environmental conditions. The study of the choice and implementation of competitive business strategies by EU enterprises was carried out on the basis of Community Innovation Survey results. The authors analyzed the significance of competitive business strategies for EU enterprises, taking into account their innovation status (innovative-active or non-innovative-active) and the size of the enterprises (large, medium, and small). It was found that innovative-active enterprises actively implement business strategies in their activities. The study showed that the most required strategies by innovative active enterprises, regardless of their size, are those focused on high quality, satisfying established customer groups, improving existing goods or services, reaching out to new customer groups. It can be assumed that such business strategies allow the enterprises to best strengthen and effectively use competitive advantage. In turn, the low price strategy is in little demand, and the share of enterprises that choose it, is constantly decreasing. For non-innovative-active enterprises, the demand for business strategies depends on the size. Large and medium-sized non-innovative-active enterprises mainly choose strategies of high quality and customer orientation. While for small non-innovative-active enterprises, the importance of all business strategies is lower. In particular, high quality and customer orientation strategies are moderately required. Relatively smaller non-innovative-active enterprises choose the low-price strategy, compared to other groups of enterprises. A study of the changes that have occurred in recent years showed an increase in the share of innovative-active enterprises for which customer-oriented business strategies were highly significant. Additionally, the share of enterprises for which the high-quality strategy is of high importance has also increased. Conversely, the share of enterprises for which the low-price strategy is highly important has decreased. Determining the features of the choice of competitive business strategies by enterprises in EU countries, depending on their innovative status and size, creates a basis for further adaptation of their experience to the conditions of entrepreneurial activity in Ukraine. This adaptation can be implemented by domestic enterprises in their activities both at the current stage and during the period of post-war recovery.
{"title":"COMPETITIVE BUSINESS STRATEGIES OF EU ENTERPRISES IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC INSTABILITY","authors":"Iryna V. Taranenko, Elvina M. Lymonova, R. Kliuchnyk","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2024-2-61-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2024-2-61-21","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of global economic instability, which was intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic and the full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine, companies are paying more attention to internal factors, that can ensure long-term economic development and competitiveness. One of the most important business capabilities that determine a firm’s ability to develop effectively, is the competitive business strategy. Therefore, the priority task is to develop a strategy that aligns with the goals, available resources, and external environmental conditions. The study of the choice and implementation of competitive business strategies by EU enterprises was carried out on the basis of Community Innovation Survey results. The authors analyzed the significance of competitive business strategies for EU enterprises, taking into account their innovation status (innovative-active or non-innovative-active) and the size of the enterprises (large, medium, and small). It was found that innovative-active enterprises actively implement business strategies in their activities. The study showed that the most required strategies by innovative active enterprises, regardless of their size, are those focused on high quality, satisfying established customer groups, improving existing goods or services, reaching out to new customer groups. It can be assumed that such business strategies allow the enterprises to best strengthen and effectively use competitive advantage. In turn, the low price strategy is in little demand, and the share of enterprises that choose it, is constantly decreasing. For non-innovative-active enterprises, the demand for business strategies depends on the size. Large and medium-sized non-innovative-active enterprises mainly choose strategies of high quality and customer orientation. While for small non-innovative-active enterprises, the importance of all business strategies is lower. In particular, high quality and customer orientation strategies are moderately required. Relatively smaller non-innovative-active enterprises choose the low-price strategy, compared to other groups of enterprises. A study of the changes that have occurred in recent years showed an increase in the share of innovative-active enterprises for which customer-oriented business strategies were highly significant. Additionally, the share of enterprises for which the high-quality strategy is of high importance has also increased. Conversely, the share of enterprises for which the low-price strategy is highly important has decreased. Determining the features of the choice of competitive business strategies by enterprises in EU countries, depending on their innovative status and size, creates a basis for further adaptation of their experience to the conditions of entrepreneurial activity in Ukraine. This adaptation can be implemented by domestic enterprises in their activities both at the current stage and during the period of post-war recovery.","PeriodicalId":510932,"journal":{"name":"Academic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-20
E. Lymonova, V. Olevskyi, Yuliia Olevska, Ruslan Kliuchnyk
The study of the German labor market makes it possible to assert that Germany is a model of the employment system in the European Union. In the article, the authors studied the main indicators of the country’s labor market: minimum and average wages, nominal and real wages, unemployment rate, immigration to the country. It was revealed that the size of minimum wage rate is influenced not only by the state, but also by employers and trade unions. Thus, in many industries, the minimum wage is higher than the amount established by the state. In addition, the analysis of the size of the average salary demonstrates an important problem of the German labor market - the gender gap in income. In 2021, men earned approximately €700 more than women for equivalent work. The research examines the reasons for this inequality and offers recommendations for overcoming this contradiction. The article calculated the real wage index and found that starting from 2020, prices in Germany grew faster than wages. So, the real wage index for 2022 is -4.0. The main macro indicator of the labor market was analyzed. This is the level of unemployment, which turned out to be lower than the average indicator in the European Union. In addition, the authors draw attention to the problem of the aging of workers and the uneven distribution of the employed across the country’s regions. Thus, 53% of people over the age of 55 are still working in the economy. This is due to the shortage of specialists with higher education among young people. The article describes the immigration process in Germany and reveals an increase in migrants from countries suffering from war and violence. The influence of the number of immigrants on such macroeconomic indicators as GDP, GDP per capita, unemployment rate, and the size of the average wage was analyzed.
{"title":"MAIN INDICATORS OF THE GERMAN LABOR MARKET: QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS","authors":"E. Lymonova, V. Olevskyi, Yuliia Olevska, Ruslan Kliuchnyk","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-20","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the German labor market makes it possible to assert that Germany is a model of the employment system in the European Union. In the article, the authors studied the main indicators of the country’s labor market: minimum and average wages, nominal and real wages, unemployment rate, immigration to the country. It was revealed that the size of minimum wage rate is influenced not only by the state, but also by employers and trade unions. Thus, in many industries, the minimum wage is higher than the amount established by the state. In addition, the analysis of the size of the average salary demonstrates an important problem of the German labor market - the gender gap in income. In 2021, men earned approximately €700 more than women for equivalent work. The research examines the reasons for this inequality and offers recommendations for overcoming this contradiction. The article calculated the real wage index and found that starting from 2020, prices in Germany grew faster than wages. So, the real wage index for 2022 is -4.0. The main macro indicator of the labor market was analyzed. This is the level of unemployment, which turned out to be lower than the average indicator in the European Union. In addition, the authors draw attention to the problem of the aging of workers and the uneven distribution of the employed across the country’s regions. Thus, 53% of people over the age of 55 are still working in the economy. This is due to the shortage of specialists with higher education among young people. The article describes the immigration process in Germany and reveals an increase in migrants from countries suffering from war and violence. The influence of the number of immigrants on such macroeconomic indicators as GDP, GDP per capita, unemployment rate, and the size of the average wage was analyzed.","PeriodicalId":510932,"journal":{"name":"Academic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-9
Z. Varnalii, Oksana V. Cheberyako, Oksana P. Mykytiuk, Snizhana Bondarenko
The article presents a scientific-expert and sociological assessment of the financial security of business entities of Ukraine in wartime and postwar times. The process of managing the financial security of business entities in the system of ensuring their financial stability was considered and the level of instability of the external environment of business entities in war conditions was assessed. Economic instability, the spread of crisis phenomena, and geopolitical conflicts pose a real threat to the financial security of all business entities. Today, the state sovereignty and financial security of the state as a whole, the fullness of the state budget, the creation of a reliable material and technical base, and jobs depend on Ukrainian enterprises and their stable operation. Security of the enterprise and development of the so-called “immunity” to threats, both external and internal, is one of the main tasks of the financial security management system of business entities. Assessing or predicting the financial security of business entities under martial law is a significant difficulty since the military situation creates force majeure circumstances that can lead not only to a reduction in the volume of the enterprise activities but also to a possible complete stop or even to an irretrievable loss of property or resources. We came to the conclusion that martial law, being one of the main reasons of enterprise instability, is the greatest danger to an enterprise and can lead to the destruction of its potential (industrial, technological, scientific, technical, and personnel) as the main factor in the life of an enterprise. New challenges require sound financial management and quick responses ‒ adjusting business models, strengthening financial security to continue functioning in the market, etc.
{"title":"ACTUALITY OF THE FINANCIAL SECURITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES OF UKRAINE UNDER IN THE WAR AND POST-WAR PERIOD","authors":"Z. Varnalii, Oksana V. Cheberyako, Oksana P. Mykytiuk, Snizhana Bondarenko","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-9","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a scientific-expert and sociological assessment of the financial security of business entities of Ukraine in wartime and postwar times. The process of managing the financial security of business entities in the system of ensuring their financial stability was considered and the level of instability of the external environment of business entities in war conditions was assessed. Economic instability, the spread of crisis phenomena, and geopolitical conflicts pose a real threat to the financial security of all business entities. Today, the state sovereignty and financial security of the state as a whole, the fullness of the state budget, the creation of a reliable material and technical base, and jobs depend on Ukrainian enterprises and their stable operation. Security of the enterprise and development of the so-called “immunity” to threats, both external and internal, is one of the main tasks of the financial security management system of business entities. Assessing or predicting the financial security of business entities under martial law is a significant difficulty since the military situation creates force majeure circumstances that can lead not only to a reduction in the volume of the enterprise activities but also to a possible complete stop or even to an irretrievable loss of property or resources. We came to the conclusion that martial law, being one of the main reasons of enterprise instability, is the greatest danger to an enterprise and can lead to the destruction of its potential (industrial, technological, scientific, technical, and personnel) as the main factor in the life of an enterprise. New challenges require sound financial management and quick responses ‒ adjusting business models, strengthening financial security to continue functioning in the market, etc.","PeriodicalId":510932,"journal":{"name":"Academic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139393195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-16
Vitalii V. Venger, Andrii Y. Ramskyi, Natalia I. Romanovska, Lyudmila I. Vasechko
The article analyzes the current state and prospects of development of exports of domestic industrial products to the rapidly developing countries of Asia, in particular to Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh and the Philippines. It is shown that today Ukraine is a full-fledged participant in the globalization process, and its further development will largely depend on the priorities of its foreign economic integration policy, the formation and implementation of which should be based on building strategic relations with both individual Asian countries and various regional associations. It is substantiated that the need to intensify Ukraine’s cooperation with Asian countries is caused not only by the global transformation in the balance of power of the world economy, but also by the need for export diversification of foreign trade in the context of Russian aggression. The analysis shows that by 2022, the demand for domestic industrial products in the markets of Indonesia and Thailand had positive dynamics and ensured, albeit not a significant increase in the export of Ukrainian high-tech goods. Despite the positive trade balance, demand for domestic industrial products in the markets of Bangladesh and the Philippines was characterized by a gradual decline until 2022. In general, the share of domestic industrial products in the structure of exports to these countries is quite low: Indonesia - 0.7%, Thailand - 3.0%, Bangladesh - 4.3%, and the Philippines - 9.9%. At the same time, the share of industrial products from these countries in the structure of Ukrainian imports was much higher, in particular: Indonesia - 20.0%, Thailand - 82.1%, Bangladesh - 96.8%, and the Philippines - 92.4%. Due to the large-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia, the article estimates the losses in foreign trade between Ukraine and rapidly developing Asian countries in 2022. In particular, it is shown that the volume of foreign trade turnover between Ukraine and Indonesia will decrease by 39.2% compared to 2021, Thailand - by 35.3%, Bangladesh - by 48.6%, and the Philippines - by 38.6%. Based on the analysis of scientific and statistical literature, it is established that the determining instrument of trade policy of the rapidly developing Asian countries is customs tariffs, various preferential regimes and benefits for industrial products in accordance with various bilateral and regional trade agreements. In order to further develop partnership relations between Ukraine and the rapidly developing countries of Asia, it is proposed to intensify and strengthen the dialogue on deepening trade and economic cooperation through the system of trade policy instruments. In terms of further research, additional studies are proposed to determine the prospects for concluding bilateral trade agreements on FTAs between individual countries and developing a long-term strategy for trade and economic cooperation.
{"title":"CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR EXPANDING THE EXPORT OF DOMESTIC INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS TO RAPIDLY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES OF ASIA","authors":"Vitalii V. Venger, Andrii Y. Ramskyi, Natalia I. Romanovska, Lyudmila I. Vasechko","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-16","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the current state and prospects of development of exports of domestic industrial products to the rapidly developing countries of Asia, in particular to Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh and the Philippines. It is shown that today Ukraine is a full-fledged participant in the globalization process, and its further development will largely depend on the priorities of its foreign economic integration policy, the formation and implementation of which should be based on building strategic relations with both individual Asian countries and various regional associations. It is substantiated that the need to intensify Ukraine’s cooperation with Asian countries is caused not only by the global transformation in the balance of power of the world economy, but also by the need for export diversification of foreign trade in the context of Russian aggression. The analysis shows that by 2022, the demand for domestic industrial products in the markets of Indonesia and Thailand had positive dynamics and ensured, albeit not a significant increase in the export of Ukrainian high-tech goods. Despite the positive trade balance, demand for domestic industrial products in the markets of Bangladesh and the Philippines was characterized by a gradual decline until 2022. In general, the share of domestic industrial products in the structure of exports to these countries is quite low: Indonesia - 0.7%, Thailand - 3.0%, Bangladesh - 4.3%, and the Philippines - 9.9%. At the same time, the share of industrial products from these countries in the structure of Ukrainian imports was much higher, in particular: Indonesia - 20.0%, Thailand - 82.1%, Bangladesh - 96.8%, and the Philippines - 92.4%. Due to the large-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia, the article estimates the losses in foreign trade between Ukraine and rapidly developing Asian countries in 2022. In particular, it is shown that the volume of foreign trade turnover between Ukraine and Indonesia will decrease by 39.2% compared to 2021, Thailand - by 35.3%, Bangladesh - by 48.6%, and the Philippines - by 38.6%. Based on the analysis of scientific and statistical literature, it is established that the determining instrument of trade policy of the rapidly developing Asian countries is customs tariffs, various preferential regimes and benefits for industrial products in accordance with various bilateral and regional trade agreements. In order to further develop partnership relations between Ukraine and the rapidly developing countries of Asia, it is proposed to intensify and strengthen the dialogue on deepening trade and economic cooperation through the system of trade policy instruments. In terms of further research, additional studies are proposed to determine the prospects for concluding bilateral trade agreements on FTAs between individual countries and developing a long-term strategy for trade and economic cooperation.","PeriodicalId":510932,"journal":{"name":"Academic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-2
Liubov Kvasnii, Liubov Malyk, Oresta Scherban, O. Soltysik
The author’s definition of energy efficiency of the economy has been proposed in the article. The main indicators of energy efficiency, which determine the rating of Ukraine among other countries of the world, have been analyzed. It is emphasized that the introduction of martial law in Ukraine and the full-scale war significantly affected the energy efficiency of Ukraine’s economy due to the destruction of many energy infrastructure facilities. Attention is focused on the need to organize a systematic and standardized increase in the efficiency of the use of energy resources in domestic production systems. Based on the use of statistical information of the World Economic Forum, the indicators of energy saving efficiency of the countries of the world and their rating have been given. The foreign experience of using modern smart technologies and the main tools for ensuring energy efficiency of the economy have been studied. The authors stress that energy efficiency contributes to the reduction of energy consumption. The growing world population and rapid economic growth lead to increased energy consumption. However, many countries face challenges related to limited resources and growing energy dependence. Energy efficiency can help reduce dependence on energy imports and provide a more sustainable and efficient economy. The expediency of implementing modern technologies and tools of ensuring energy efficiency as a factor in the future revival and development of the economy of Ukraine has been proven. It has been substantiated that in modern conditions, Ukraine needs to change the policy of energy consumption and energy supply as soon as possible, maximizing the consumption of fuel and energy resources, which the country is rich in (coal, nuclear fuel, renewable sources), and accordingly reducing the consumption and import of natural gas - the most expensive and scarce resource. It is noted that in order to ensure the energy efficiency of residential construction, it is necessary to lay down energy-saving technologies and new energy-saving methods at the design stage. The introduction of martial law and full-scale war significantly affected the energy efficiency of Ukraine’s economy due to the destruction of many energy infrastructure facilities. A decrease in energy efficiency can have serious consequences for the country’s economy, in particular, an increase in the cost of energy resources, a decrease in the competitiveness of enterprises, and a threat to the stability of electricity supply to the population and industry. The destruction of energy infrastructure facilities, such as power plants, transformer substations, gas pipelines and oil pipelines, can lead to a decrease in energy production capacity and a deterioration in the quality of supply. This can cause problems with electricity supply, heating, education, maintenance of industrial enterprises and infrastructure. In connection with the explosion by the russian occupiers of the Kakhovska
{"title":"ENSURING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE ECONOMY: POSSIBILITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE","authors":"Liubov Kvasnii, Liubov Malyk, Oresta Scherban, O. Soltysik","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-2","url":null,"abstract":"The author’s definition of energy efficiency of the economy has been proposed in the article. The main indicators of energy efficiency, which determine the rating of Ukraine among other countries of the world, have been analyzed. It is emphasized that the introduction of martial law in Ukraine and the full-scale war significantly affected the energy efficiency of Ukraine’s economy due to the destruction of many energy infrastructure facilities. Attention is focused on the need to organize a systematic and standardized increase in the efficiency of the use of energy resources in domestic production systems. Based on the use of statistical information of the World Economic Forum, the indicators of energy saving efficiency of the countries of the world and their rating have been given. The foreign experience of using modern smart technologies and the main tools for ensuring energy efficiency of the economy have been studied. The authors stress that energy efficiency contributes to the reduction of energy consumption. The growing world population and rapid economic growth lead to increased energy consumption. However, many countries face challenges related to limited resources and growing energy dependence. Energy efficiency can help reduce dependence on energy imports and provide a more sustainable and efficient economy. The expediency of implementing modern technologies and tools of ensuring energy efficiency as a factor in the future revival and development of the economy of Ukraine has been proven. It has been substantiated that in modern conditions, Ukraine needs to change the policy of energy consumption and energy supply as soon as possible, maximizing the consumption of fuel and energy resources, which the country is rich in (coal, nuclear fuel, renewable sources), and accordingly reducing the consumption and import of natural gas - the most expensive and scarce resource. It is noted that in order to ensure the energy efficiency of residential construction, it is necessary to lay down energy-saving technologies and new energy-saving methods at the design stage. The introduction of martial law and full-scale war significantly affected the energy efficiency of Ukraine’s economy due to the destruction of many energy infrastructure facilities. A decrease in energy efficiency can have serious consequences for the country’s economy, in particular, an increase in the cost of energy resources, a decrease in the competitiveness of enterprises, and a threat to the stability of electricity supply to the population and industry. The destruction of energy infrastructure facilities, such as power plants, transformer substations, gas pipelines and oil pipelines, can lead to a decrease in energy production capacity and a deterioration in the quality of supply. This can cause problems with electricity supply, heating, education, maintenance of industrial enterprises and infrastructure. In connection with the explosion by the russian occupiers of the Kakhovska","PeriodicalId":510932,"journal":{"name":"Academic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-18
Yuriy I. Pylypenko, Yuliia V. Dubiei, Іrina Yu. Huzenko, Nataliya E. Fedorova
The current state of socio-economic development, characterized by a radical change in the technical and technological paradigm in a globalized world, is marked by new phenomena and processes. In contrast to previous eras, when the formation of new technological methods of production was based on a small number of breakthrough inventions that changed the structure of production, today we observe an avalanche-like development of inventions, the products of which destroy the stability of all spheres of society. Accordingly, all resources possessed by a modern company must meet the requirements of the time in terms of their quality. Under such conditions, not only intellectual capital but also other components, that enable companies to maneuver in their innovative development, become very important. Based on the analysis of modern conceptual approaches to determining the essence of the categories “structural capital” and “intellectual capital”, the article forms the concept of “national structural capital”. The latter is presented as an infrastructure for the formation, implementation and development of national human capital, an organizational and institutional system for the expanded reproduction of knowledge and skills of members of society. For the quantitative measurement of national structural capital, a methodological framework is proposed, which is based on the integral index of national structural capital created by the authors; its components are justified: knowledge & technology outputs, intangible assets, research & development (R&D), knowledge workers, knowledge absorption. Based on the proposed methodology for determining the integral index of national structural capital, its value was calculated for 26 countries for 2018-2020 and the dynamics for the period under study were shown.
{"title":"Structural capital in the system of technological development of s","authors":"Yuriy I. Pylypenko, Yuliia V. Dubiei, Іrina Yu. Huzenko, Nataliya E. Fedorova","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-18","url":null,"abstract":"The current state of socio-economic development, characterized by a radical change in the technical and technological paradigm in a globalized world, is marked by new phenomena and processes. In contrast to previous eras, when the formation of new technological methods of production was based on a small number of breakthrough inventions that changed the structure of production, today we observe an avalanche-like development of inventions, the products of which destroy the stability of all spheres of society. Accordingly, all resources possessed by a modern company must meet the requirements of the time in terms of their quality. Under such conditions, not only intellectual capital but also other components, that enable companies to maneuver in their innovative development, become very important. Based on the analysis of modern conceptual approaches to determining the essence of the categories “structural capital” and “intellectual capital”, the article forms the concept of “national structural capital”. The latter is presented as an infrastructure for the formation, implementation and development of national human capital, an organizational and institutional system for the expanded reproduction of knowledge and skills of members of society. For the quantitative measurement of national structural capital, a methodological framework is proposed, which is based on the integral index of national structural capital created by the authors; its components are justified: knowledge & technology outputs, intangible assets, research & development (R&D), knowledge workers, knowledge absorption. Based on the proposed methodology for determining the integral index of national structural capital, its value was calculated for 26 countries for 2018-2020 and the dynamics for the period under study were shown.","PeriodicalId":510932,"journal":{"name":"Academic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-8
Iryna V. Zamula, Olena V. Shavurska, Maryna M. Tanasieva, Vitalii V. Travin
To restore the economy of Ukraine in the post-war period, it is expedient to work out applicable communication tools with investors. With respect to the global market, there is a noticeable trend towards an increase in impact investments in 2016-2022 by $ 1,050 billion or in other words, 10.21 times. The rapid growth of impact investing at the global level testifies to the significance of investments aimed at achieving the provisions of the concept of sustainable development. The purpose of the study is to elaborate theoretical and practical provisions for information support of impact investing in order to attract financial resources to restore the economic activity of business entities in the post-war period in compliance with the sustainable development guidelines. Having conducted a study of the published non-financial reporting of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises of Ukraine, it was found that only 22.7% thereof prepare a Sustainable Development Report annually. With respect to the selected enterprises group, 91% prepare a management report in an arbitrary form and publish it on their official website. Having conducted a study of published nonfinancial reporting of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises in Ukraine, it turned out that only 22.7% of them annually prepare a Sustainable Development Report. In the selected group of enterprises, 91% prepare a management report in any form and publish it on their official website. However, given the arbitrary form of information presentation, investors cannot fully obtain up-to-date information about the company’s social policy and environmental activities. In addition, the formation of reporting on issues of sustainable development and social responsibility has not yet become widespread among Ukrainian enterprises, which hinders the development of impact investing in Ukraine. Especially with regard to increasing the investment attractiveness of Ukrainian enterprises, the structure has been clarified and meaningful recommendations have been developed regarding the information content of the Management Report, which will contribute to increasing the transparency of reporting and attract influential investors.
{"title":"IMPACT INVESTMENT IN POST-WAR UKRAINE","authors":"Iryna V. Zamula, Olena V. Shavurska, Maryna M. Tanasieva, Vitalii V. Travin","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-8","url":null,"abstract":"To restore the economy of Ukraine in the post-war period, it is expedient to work out applicable communication tools with investors. With respect to the global market, there is a noticeable trend towards an increase in impact investments in 2016-2022 by $ 1,050 billion or in other words, 10.21 times. The rapid growth of impact investing at the global level testifies to the significance of investments aimed at achieving the provisions of the concept of sustainable development. The purpose of the study is to elaborate theoretical and practical provisions for information support of impact investing in order to attract financial resources to restore the economic activity of business entities in the post-war period in compliance with the sustainable development guidelines. Having conducted a study of the published non-financial reporting of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises of Ukraine, it was found that only 22.7% thereof prepare a Sustainable Development Report annually. With respect to the selected enterprises group, 91% prepare a management report in an arbitrary form and publish it on their official website. Having conducted a study of published nonfinancial reporting of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises in Ukraine, it turned out that only 22.7% of them annually prepare a Sustainable Development Report. In the selected group of enterprises, 91% prepare a management report in any form and publish it on their official website. However, given the arbitrary form of information presentation, investors cannot fully obtain up-to-date information about the company’s social policy and environmental activities. In addition, the formation of reporting on issues of sustainable development and social responsibility has not yet become widespread among Ukrainian enterprises, which hinders the development of impact investing in Ukraine. Especially with regard to increasing the investment attractiveness of Ukrainian enterprises, the structure has been clarified and meaningful recommendations have been developed regarding the information content of the Management Report, which will contribute to increasing the transparency of reporting and attract influential investors.","PeriodicalId":510932,"journal":{"name":"Academic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-1
Tetіana M. Bolgar, Liubov F. Korchahina
The article explores new models of the organization of the economy, called the circular economy – a model of production and consumption aimed at overcoming global challenges, such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, waste and environmental pollution. The participants were identified and the forms of participation in the process of achieving the SDGs (sustainable development goals) were defined. It was substantiated that the use of the principles of the UN Global Compact in the practical activities of enterprises should ensure that they comply with their basic duties to people and the planet, and would also create the foundations for long-term success. The types of ESG activity of enterprises were systematized according to certain criteria, followed by their classification and definition of the basic objects to which the ESG activity of the enterprise is directed. The standpoints of classical economics were analyzed, by studying the scientific works of specialists in this field of science. Based on the results of this analysis, it was established that ESG activity is a cost that with a doubtful probability can be compensated in the form of additional income. That is, by default it is a loss-making activity. At least, such a perception of ESG-activity can be when studying the issue superficially. The analysis of academic literature and corporate practice made it possible to highlight the key motives for enterprises to implement ESG activities. A study of ESG activity of Ukrainian enterprises was conducted and it was established that this process in Ukraine is at the stage of formation and the situation in this area has significantly worsened due to the war. According to the results of the study of the theoretical foundations of ESG activity of enterprises, the author’s interpretation of the term «ESG activity» was proposed, which should be understood as all types of enterprise activities aimed at achieving the goals of sustainable development through appropriate management decisions, which include measures to improve the environmental condition, social relations and corporate responsibility.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE ORGANIZATION OF ESG ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES","authors":"Tetіana M. Bolgar, Liubov F. Korchahina","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-1","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores new models of the organization of the economy, called the circular economy – a model of production and consumption aimed at overcoming global challenges, such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, waste and environmental pollution. The participants were identified and the forms of participation in the process of achieving the SDGs (sustainable development goals) were defined. It was substantiated that the use of the principles of the UN Global Compact in the practical activities of enterprises should ensure that they comply with their basic duties to people and the planet, and would also create the foundations for long-term success. The types of ESG activity of enterprises were systematized according to certain criteria, followed by their classification and definition of the basic objects to which the ESG activity of the enterprise is directed. The standpoints of classical economics were analyzed, by studying the scientific works of specialists in this field of science. Based on the results of this analysis, it was established that ESG activity is a cost that with a doubtful probability can be compensated in the form of additional income. That is, by default it is a loss-making activity. At least, such a perception of ESG-activity can be when studying the issue superficially. The analysis of academic literature and corporate practice made it possible to highlight the key motives for enterprises to implement ESG activities. A study of ESG activity of Ukrainian enterprises was conducted and it was established that this process in Ukraine is at the stage of formation and the situation in this area has significantly worsened due to the war. According to the results of the study of the theoretical foundations of ESG activity of enterprises, the author’s interpretation of the term «ESG activity» was proposed, which should be understood as all types of enterprise activities aimed at achieving the goals of sustainable development through appropriate management decisions, which include measures to improve the environmental condition, social relations and corporate responsibility.","PeriodicalId":510932,"journal":{"name":"Academic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-4
Sarojini Sahoo, Anatolii O. Zadoia, Valavadra Sahu, Sandhyarani Sahoo
Employee of any organization starts his/her recognitions from the society that ultimately reach the organization, where he/she earns the livelihood. So, the resiliency of an employee (sales-force of any commercial organization in this study) should be understood on the touch-points of salesemployee with society. On this context, the main purpose of this study is to explore the strategic relationships of social communication, social change, and social engagement of the sales-employees to build the concerned employees’ resiliency. With the descriptive research design, this research-work is intended to study the above said relationship by extensive literature review. Major outcomes of this study refer that social communication in varying level makes the employee of an organization engage with the social activities and simultaneously develop the psychological adjustment of the concerned sales-employee towards social change. Finally, the social engagement and self-accommodation to the social change build the resilient sales-force of the concerned retail organization. A conceptual model is developed that justifies the above outcomes, which is the major contribution or novelty of this study. Thus, the industrial implication of the said outcomes is that any commercial organization should develop the social orientation of their sales-force by developing their social communication continuously, which in turn enables the concerned sales-employees for better adoptability to any social changes, for insulate themselves for adverse social (market) conditions, and for productive social engagement in the marketing orientations. The said causal relationship ultimate give the return to the organization in the form of resilient sales-force. And, social implication refers that the society will be aware of the truth regarding the functioning of sales-functions of organization in the context of social contribution of those organizations.
{"title":"RESILIENCE FACTORS IN SALES WORKERS: SOCIAL COMMUNICATIONS, SOCIAL CHANGE, AND SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT","authors":"Sarojini Sahoo, Anatolii O. Zadoia, Valavadra Sahu, Sandhyarani Sahoo","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-4","url":null,"abstract":"Employee of any organization starts his/her recognitions from the society that ultimately reach the organization, where he/she earns the livelihood. So, the resiliency of an employee (sales-force of any commercial organization in this study) should be understood on the touch-points of salesemployee with society. On this context, the main purpose of this study is to explore the strategic relationships of social communication, social change, and social engagement of the sales-employees to build the concerned employees’ resiliency. With the descriptive research design, this research-work is intended to study the above said relationship by extensive literature review. Major outcomes of this study refer that social communication in varying level makes the employee of an organization engage with the social activities and simultaneously develop the psychological adjustment of the concerned sales-employee towards social change. Finally, the social engagement and self-accommodation to the social change build the resilient sales-force of the concerned retail organization. A conceptual model is developed that justifies the above outcomes, which is the major contribution or novelty of this study. Thus, the industrial implication of the said outcomes is that any commercial organization should develop the social orientation of their sales-force by developing their social communication continuously, which in turn enables the concerned sales-employees for better adoptability to any social changes, for insulate themselves for adverse social (market) conditions, and for productive social engagement in the marketing orientations. The said causal relationship ultimate give the return to the organization in the form of resilient sales-force. And, social implication refers that the society will be aware of the truth regarding the functioning of sales-functions of organization in the context of social contribution of those organizations.","PeriodicalId":510932,"journal":{"name":"Academic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139396041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-19
E. Prushkivska, Volodymyr. G. Prushkivsky, Iryna.Y. Maksymenko, Viktoriia.V. Prushkivska
The article discusses the features and reasons for the development of electric vehicles in the context of intensifying globalization processes and limited resources. It is substantiated that motorization is a key factor in the development of developed countries. Therefore, the presence of a competitive and well-functioning automotive market is an important condition for successful economic growth. The experience of foreign countries in stimulating the production and consumption of electric vehicles has been studied. Current trends in the development of the global electric vehicle market have been analyzed. It has been found that more than a third of the global market (over 36%) of electric vehicles is occupied by three manufacturers: BYD, Tesla and Volkswagen. An analysis of the global electric vehicle market by country shows that three countries are the leaders in electric vehicle sales: China, Europe, and the United States. It has been observed that China is ahead of other leading countries in terms of electric vehicle consumption, and the following companies have the greatest demand for electric vehicles in its market: BYD, SAIC and Tesla. Chinese manufacturers are showing faster growth rates in electric vehicle production than leading American and European companies. The article classifies the problems of development of the global market for electric vehicles: the global energy crisis, shortage of resource components for electric vehicles, the Covid-19 pandemic, uneven development of countries, institutional factors. Taking into account current global development trends, we conclude that the global electric vehicle market will develop at a rapid pace, effectively solving the problems hindering the growth of electric vehicle production. It has been substantiated that Ukraine has the potential to produce electric vehicles. Using the latest Industry 4.0 technologies and research and production potential, Ukraine can produce cars of a new generation, since developments in this area do not stop. Based on the graphic of the Ukrainian alphabet «Ruthenia», a sample trademark for the national electric vehicle has been developed and proposed. It has been established that this graphic most closely matches the functions and requirements of developing a national trademark. The proposed trademark reflects the features of the national manufacturer, indicates the latest technologies and will attract the attention of consumers.
{"title":"GLOBAL ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET AND PROSPECTS FOR UKRAINE’S CONTIBUTION TO ITS DEVELOPMENT","authors":"E. Prushkivska, Volodymyr. G. Prushkivsky, Iryna.Y. Maksymenko, Viktoriia.V. Prushkivska","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-19","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the features and reasons for the development of electric vehicles in the context of intensifying globalization processes and limited resources. It is substantiated that motorization is a key factor in the development of developed countries. Therefore, the presence of a competitive and well-functioning automotive market is an important condition for successful economic growth. The experience of foreign countries in stimulating the production and consumption of electric vehicles has been studied. Current trends in the development of the global electric vehicle market have been analyzed. It has been found that more than a third of the global market (over 36%) of electric vehicles is occupied by three manufacturers: BYD, Tesla and Volkswagen. An analysis of the global electric vehicle market by country shows that three countries are the leaders in electric vehicle sales: China, Europe, and the United States. It has been observed that China is ahead of other leading countries in terms of electric vehicle consumption, and the following companies have the greatest demand for electric vehicles in its market: BYD, SAIC and Tesla. Chinese manufacturers are showing faster growth rates in electric vehicle production than leading American and European companies. The article classifies the problems of development of the global market for electric vehicles: the global energy crisis, shortage of resource components for electric vehicles, the Covid-19 pandemic, uneven development of countries, institutional factors. Taking into account current global development trends, we conclude that the global electric vehicle market will develop at a rapid pace, effectively solving the problems hindering the growth of electric vehicle production. It has been substantiated that Ukraine has the potential to produce electric vehicles. Using the latest Industry 4.0 technologies and research and production potential, Ukraine can produce cars of a new generation, since developments in this area do not stop. Based on the graphic of the Ukrainian alphabet «Ruthenia», a sample trademark for the national electric vehicle has been developed and proposed. It has been established that this graphic most closely matches the functions and requirements of developing a national trademark. The proposed trademark reflects the features of the national manufacturer, indicates the latest technologies and will attract the attention of consumers.","PeriodicalId":510932,"journal":{"name":"Academic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139391871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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