E. Eberlein, F. Burkhardt, G. Sommerkorn, S. Jaeckel, R. Prieto-Cerdeira
MIMO systems are already state-of-the-art in terrestrial systems. With the availability of satellites with higher EIRP the high spectrum efficiency offered by MIMO systems becomes applicable to satellite-based systems, too. The MIMOSA project covers the evaluation of the satellite MIMO channel characteristics by field measurements. In particular, the estimated capacity increase for mobile reception is evaluated. The measurements have been completed, but the analysis is still ongoing. This paper describes the measurement setup and includes selected results from the statistical analysis.
{"title":"MIMOSA - Analysis of the MIMO channel for LMS systems","authors":"E. Eberlein, F. Burkhardt, G. Sommerkorn, S. Jaeckel, R. Prieto-Cerdeira","doi":"10.3233/SC-130010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SC-130010","url":null,"abstract":"MIMO systems are already state-of-the-art in terrestrial systems. With the availability of satellites with higher EIRP the high spectrum efficiency offered by MIMO systems becomes applicable to satellite-based systems, too. The MIMOSA project covers the evaluation of the satellite MIMO channel characteristics by field measurements. In particular, the estimated capacity increase for mobile reception is evaluated. The measurements have been completed, but the analysis is still ongoing. This paper describes the measurement setup and includes selected results from the statistical analysis.","PeriodicalId":51158,"journal":{"name":"Space Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86574266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Fabbro, N. Jeannin, K. Djafri, J. Lemorton, D. Vanhoenacker-Janvier
Microwaves propagation modelling in clear air troposphere i.e. without rain is investigated. Large scale variations of refractivity are computed from mesoscale meteorological modelling. Small scale variations are deduced from large scale considering that the inertial regime of Kolmogorov spectrum is established. The propagation effects are estimated applying launching ray to take into account large scale refractivity effects and resolution of Parabolic Wave Equation with Multiple Phase Screen technique for small scale. The proposed approach has been evaluated versus earth satellite measurements of log-amplitude scintillation measured at Louvain-la-Neuve.
{"title":"Scintillation modelling in troposphere using Multiple Phase Screen","authors":"V. Fabbro, N. Jeannin, K. Djafri, J. Lemorton, D. Vanhoenacker-Janvier","doi":"10.3233/SC-130001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SC-130001","url":null,"abstract":"Microwaves propagation modelling in clear air troposphere i.e. without rain is investigated. Large scale variations of refractivity are computed from mesoscale meteorological modelling. Small scale variations are deduced from large scale considering that the inertial regime of Kolmogorov spectrum is established. The propagation effects are estimated applying launching ray to take into account large scale refractivity effects and resolution of Parabolic Wave Equation with Multiple Phase Screen technique for small scale. The proposed approach has been evaluated versus earth satellite measurements of log-amplitude scintillation measured at Louvain-la-Neuve.","PeriodicalId":51158,"journal":{"name":"Space Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84879555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper studies, interference issues arising from, the spectral and spatial coexistence between terrestrial stations participating in fixed wireless networks or in a point-to-point link and satellite terminals belonging to a satellite communication network, operating at frequencies above 10 GHz. Rain attenuation is considered to be the dominant fading mechanism at this frequency range. The acceptable intersystem interference probability AIIP of the carrier-to-interference ratio CIR of a terrestrial station interfered by a satellite is defined and analytically calculated. Adaptive power control schemes are assumed to operate for both networks. The correlated propagation fading phenomena over multiple terrestrial and slant paths are accurately incorporated. The proposed model is physical and can be applied on a global scale since incorporates properly the local climatic conditions concerning the point rainfall rate and the spatial rainfall inhomogeneity. Useful numerical results of the present model are finally provided and the impact of various crucial operational and geometrical parameters of satellite and fixed wireless networks' coexistence is also examined.
{"title":"Acceptable intersystem interference probability distribution between adjacent terrestrial and satellite networks operating above 10 GHz","authors":"A. Panagopoulos, T. Kritikos, J. Kanellopoulos","doi":"10.3233/SC-130016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SC-130016","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper studies, interference issues arising from, the spectral and spatial coexistence between terrestrial stations participating in fixed wireless networks or in a point-to-point link and satellite terminals belonging to a satellite communication network, operating at frequencies above 10 GHz. Rain attenuation is considered to be the dominant fading mechanism at this frequency range. The acceptable intersystem interference probability AIIP of the carrier-to-interference ratio CIR of a terrestrial station interfered by a satellite is defined and analytically calculated. Adaptive power control schemes are assumed to operate for both networks. The correlated propagation fading phenomena over multiple terrestrial and slant paths are accurately incorporated. The proposed model is physical and can be applied on a global scale since incorporates properly the local climatic conditions concerning the point rainfall rate and the spatial rainfall inhomogeneity. Useful numerical results of the present model are finally provided and the impact of various crucial operational and geometrical parameters of satellite and fixed wireless networks' coexistence is also examined.","PeriodicalId":51158,"journal":{"name":"Space Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89641648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Tortora, S. Crewell, G. Elgered, A. Graziani, P. Jarlemark, U. Löhnert, A. Martellucci, M. Mercolino, T. Rose, J. Schween
The objective of this study, named AWARDS Advanced microWAve Radiometers in Deep space Stations, is the preliminary design of a transmission Media Calibration System MCS to be located at an ESA Deep Space Antenna DSA site. The crucial aspect is the capability to accurately retrieve the tropospheric path delay along the line-of-sight of the deep space probe in order to allow precise tropospheric calibration of deep space observables range and range-rate with particular reference to the BepiColombo spacecraft and its primary DSA at Cebreros ES. The study focuses on two main aspects which lead to the preliminary design of the Mercury Orbiter Radioscience Experiment MORE MCS: the characterization of current microwave radiometers MWRs available at ESA/ESTEC and the atmospheric fluctuation effects on the MCS error budget, in terms of the Allan standard deviation ASD. In the course of the study, further critical aspects have been identified effects of Sun contamination, effects of ground noise emission, and mitigation strategies have been proposed. The final outcome is a preliminary design of the MWR and the entire MCS to be deployed at the ESA/ESTRACK ESA Tracking station network sites and being compliant with MORE requirements.
{"title":"AWARDS: Advanced microwave radiometers for deep space stations","authors":"P. Tortora, S. Crewell, G. Elgered, A. Graziani, P. Jarlemark, U. Löhnert, A. Martellucci, M. Mercolino, T. Rose, J. Schween","doi":"10.3233/SC-130011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SC-130011","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study, named AWARDS Advanced microWAve Radiometers in Deep space Stations, is the preliminary design of a transmission Media Calibration System MCS to be located at an ESA Deep Space Antenna DSA site. The crucial aspect is the capability to accurately retrieve the tropospheric path delay along the line-of-sight of the deep space probe in order to allow precise tropospheric calibration of deep space observables range and range-rate with particular reference to the BepiColombo spacecraft and its primary DSA at Cebreros ES. The study focuses on two main aspects which lead to the preliminary design of the Mercury Orbiter Radioscience Experiment MORE MCS: the characterization of current microwave radiometers MWRs available at ESA/ESTEC and the atmospheric fluctuation effects on the MCS error budget, in terms of the Allan standard deviation ASD. In the course of the study, further critical aspects have been identified effects of Sun contamination, effects of ground noise emission, and mitigation strategies have been proposed. The final outcome is a preliminary design of the MWR and the entire MCS to be deployed at the ESA/ESTRACK ESA Tracking station network sites and being compliant with MORE requirements.","PeriodicalId":51158,"journal":{"name":"Space Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90930371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to the special issue of Space Communication Journal on the ESA Workshop on radiowave propagation - 2011","authors":"L. Castanet, A. Martellucci, R. Prieto-Cerdeira","doi":"10.3233/SC-130014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SC-130014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51158,"journal":{"name":"Space Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74132851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To insure a favourable link budget in order to reach the required availabilities and to counteract severe propagation impairments, Fade Mitigation Techniques FMT, such as adaptive coding [8, 9] have to be implemented in the fixed satellites telecommunications systems. To develop, test and adjust the real-time algorithms of these adaptative FMTs, a good knowledge of the dynamics of the propagation channel is required and realistic attenuation time series are needed to feed system simulators. Unfortunately, the low number of available propagation experiments at Ka-band and above unavoidably leads to the use of channel models allowing synthetic total attenuation time series to be generated. The aim of this paper is first of all to present the justification of the parameterization used in Recommendation ITU-R P.1853--1 which has not been published in the open literature. Secondly, some limitations are highlighted before moving on an overview of a more simplified new channel model to synthesize total attenuation time series.
{"title":"Overview of a more simplified new channel model to synthesize total attenuation time series for satellite communication systems at Ka and Q/V bands","authors":"X. Boulanger, G. Carrie, L. Castanet, L. Feral","doi":"10.3233/SC-130002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SC-130002","url":null,"abstract":"To insure a favourable link budget in order to reach the required availabilities and to counteract severe propagation impairments, Fade Mitigation Techniques FMT, such as adaptive coding [8, 9] have to be implemented in the fixed satellites telecommunications systems. To develop, test and adjust the real-time algorithms of these adaptative FMTs, a good knowledge of the dynamics of the propagation channel is required and realistic attenuation time series are needed to feed system simulators. Unfortunately, the low number of available propagation experiments at Ka-band and above unavoidably leads to the use of channel models allowing synthetic total attenuation time series to be generated. The aim of this paper is first of all to present the justification of the parameterization used in Recommendation ITU-R P.1853--1 which has not been published in the open literature. Secondly, some limitations are highlighted before moving on an overview of a more simplified new channel model to synthesize total attenuation time series.","PeriodicalId":51158,"journal":{"name":"Space Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78886219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Pérez-Fontán, G. Carrie, J. Lemorton, F. Lacostec, B. Montenegro-Villacieros, D. Vanhoenacker-Janvier
In this paper we present an enhanced version of previous narrowband land mobile satellite, LMS, channel models. Some of the shortcomings of the previous models have been identified and corrections proposed. The model is well suited for generating synthetic time-series.
{"title":"An enhanced narrowband statistical land mobile satellite channel model for the S- and C-Bands","authors":"F. Pérez-Fontán, G. Carrie, J. Lemorton, F. Lacostec, B. Montenegro-Villacieros, D. Vanhoenacker-Janvier","doi":"10.3233/SC-130008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SC-130008","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present an enhanced version of previous narrowband land mobile satellite, LMS, channel models. Some of the shortcomings of the previous models have been identified and corrections proposed. The model is well suited for generating synthetic time-series.","PeriodicalId":51158,"journal":{"name":"Space Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79718337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two events with contrasting drop fall velocity versus drop shape characteristics are discussed. The events were captured by two collocated 2D video disdrometers, as well as a C-band polarimetric radar, 15 km away. Contoured images of the drops as well as their fall velocities from the disdrometer measurements, together with the analysis of simultaneously recorded radar observations, point towards the possibility of mixed mode drop oscillations including the horizontal mode occurring for the second event. The first event --which occurred 7 days prior-did not show any unusual characteristics, and represents the majority of the recorded events. Results are presented and discussed.
{"title":"Recent measurements and inferences of drop shapes in rain from 2D-video disdrometer and polarimetric radar","authors":"M. Thurai, V. Bringi","doi":"10.3233/SC-130012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SC-130012","url":null,"abstract":"Two events with contrasting drop fall velocity versus drop shape characteristics are discussed. The events were captured by two collocated 2D video disdrometers, as well as a C-band polarimetric radar, 15 km away. Contoured images of the drops as well as their fall velocities from the disdrometer measurements, together with the analysis of simultaneously recorded radar observations, point towards the possibility of mixed mode drop oscillations including the horizontal mode occurring for the second event. The first event --which occurred 7 days prior-did not show any unusual characteristics, and represents the majority of the recorded events. Results are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":51158,"journal":{"name":"Space Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82157421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports on satellite beacon measurements at 12.7 GHz from late October 2010 until the end of June 2012 at two geographically separated Arqiva Teleport sites in Southern England in order to obtain propagation data to be used in operational decision making and improvement of the scientific understanding of such effects. These sites operate at very low elevation angles 4.1 and 5.3 degrees and therefore experience significant propagation effects. Measurements are on-going to achieve meaningful long term statistics, however there is value in comparing the results obtained at both sites over the common period of measurement data to date approximately 20 months. The measurements are performed at 1/2 second intervals and statistical analysis applied. A primary objective of this work is to assess the influence of tropospheric scintillation and consequently the paper will focus on this with the addition of some lesser material on rain fade effects. The measurements and analysis have been performed as a collaborative effort between Arqiva and staff who work at the University of Surrey. It is emphasised that the primary objective of this work is to assess the influence of tropospheric scintillation and rain attenuation from an operational perspective and to a lesser extent from an academic viewpoint.
{"title":"Results of simultaneous low elevation Ku-band propagation effects at two sites in southern England","authors":"P. Thompson, B. Evans, M. Walsh, M. Cronin","doi":"10.3233/SC-130006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SC-130006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on satellite beacon measurements at 12.7 GHz from late October 2010 until the end of June 2012 at two geographically separated Arqiva Teleport sites in Southern England in order to obtain propagation data to be used in operational decision making and improvement of the scientific understanding of such effects. These sites operate at very low elevation angles 4.1 and 5.3 degrees and therefore experience significant propagation effects. Measurements are on-going to achieve meaningful long term statistics, however there is value in comparing the results obtained at both sites over the common period of measurement data to date approximately 20 months. The measurements are performed at 1/2 second intervals and statistical analysis applied. A primary objective of this work is to assess the influence of tropospheric scintillation and consequently the paper will focus on this with the addition of some lesser material on rain fade effects. The measurements and analysis have been performed as a collaborative effort between Arqiva and staff who work at the University of Surrey. It is emphasised that the primary objective of this work is to assess the influence of tropospheric scintillation and rain attenuation from an operational perspective and to a lesser extent from an academic viewpoint.","PeriodicalId":51158,"journal":{"name":"Space Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79735372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The provision of multimedia services via a non-geostationary satellite system requires advanced traffic engineering procedures. It includes adaptive routing, adaptive forwarding and appropriate signalling. In this study, we evaluate the impact of different signalling procedures on the performance of a network. The signalling procedures were used in conjunction with traffic class dependent routing, smoothed link-cost functions and adaptive forwarding alleviates the oscillations in the traffic distribution. The performance of the proposed signalling procedures is evaluated in two different traffic load scenarios. The simulation results are presented in terms of the average packet delay in the network and the average normalized data throughput. The simulation results indicate that the proposed triggered signalling significantly decreases the signalling load, while the network's performance is not deteriorated in terms of packet delay and data throughput.
{"title":"Signalling analysis for traffic class dependent routing in packet switched ISL networks","authors":"A. Švigelj, M. Mohorčič, L. Franck, G. Kandus","doi":"10.3233/SC-130015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SC-130015","url":null,"abstract":"The provision of multimedia services via a non-geostationary satellite system requires advanced traffic engineering procedures. It includes adaptive routing, adaptive forwarding and appropriate signalling. In this study, we evaluate the impact of different signalling procedures on the performance of a network. The signalling procedures were used in conjunction with traffic class dependent routing, smoothed link-cost functions and adaptive forwarding alleviates the oscillations in the traffic distribution. The performance of the proposed signalling procedures is evaluated in two different traffic load scenarios. The simulation results are presented in terms of the average packet delay in the network and the average normalized data throughput. The simulation results indicate that the proposed triggered signalling significantly decreases the signalling load, while the network's performance is not deteriorated in terms of packet delay and data throughput.","PeriodicalId":51158,"journal":{"name":"Space Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80370185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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