Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2319830
Shabana Naz, Gulnaz Bibi, Rida Nadeem, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Sifa Dai, Muhammad Israr, Rifat Ullah Khan
Research on the effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), particularly in Japanese quails, is lacking, especially regarding the potential for DNA damage. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of administering 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg of Se-NPs on the growth performance, DNA integrity, and histopathological alterations of the liver, lung, kidney, and heart in quails. A total of 480 one-day-old Japanese quails were divided into three experimental groups as follows: Group 1 served as the control and received only basic feed, while Group 2 and 3 received 0.2 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg of Se-NPs via oral gavage. Our results suggested that, birds fed with Se-NPs at both levels significantly (p < .01) reduced feed intake, however, weight gain was significantly (p < .01) increased in quails supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg. Similarly, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p < .01) reduced in group supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg Se-NPs. White blood cells increased significantly (P0.01) in 0.4 mg/kg while haemoglobin and red cell distribution width decreased (p < .01) in the same group. Both treatment regimens resulted in DNA damage and histopathological alterations; however, the adverse effects were more prominent in the group receiving the higher dose of 0.4 mg/kg. These findings indicate that the lower dose of 0.2 mg/kg may have beneficial effects on growth. However, the higher dose of 0.4 mg/kg not only negatively impacts growth but also leads to histopathological alterations in major organs of the body and DNA damage as well.
关于硒纳米粒子(Se-NPs)的影响,特别是对日本鹌鹑的影响,尤其是对DNA潜在损伤的影响,目前还缺乏研究。因此,本研究旨在调查每公斤硒纳米粒子(Se-NPs)用量为 0.2 和 0.4 毫克时对鹌鹑生长性能、DNA 完整性以及肝、肺、肾和心脏组织病理学改变的影响。将 480 只一天龄的日本鹌鹑分为以下三个实验组:第 1 组为对照组,只喂食基本饲料;第 2 组和第 3 组分别通过口服方式摄入 0.2 毫克/千克和 0.4 毫克/千克的 Se-NPs。我们的结果表明,饲喂这两种水平的 Se-NPs 均能显著(p p p p
{"title":"Evaluation of biological selenium nanoparticles on growth performance, histopathology of vital organs and genotoxicity in Japanese quails (<i>coturnix coturnix japonica)</i>.","authors":"Shabana Naz, Gulnaz Bibi, Rida Nadeem, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Sifa Dai, Muhammad Israr, Rifat Ullah Khan","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2319830","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2319830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on the effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), particularly in Japanese quails, is lacking, especially regarding the potential for DNA damage. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of administering 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg of Se-NPs on the growth performance, DNA integrity, and histopathological alterations of the liver, lung, kidney, and heart in quails. A total of 480 one-day-old Japanese quails were divided into three experimental groups as follows: Group 1 served as the control and received only basic feed, while Group 2 and 3 received 0.2 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg of Se-NPs <i>via</i> oral gavage. Our results suggested that, birds fed with Se-NPs at both levels significantly (<i>p</i> < .01) reduced feed intake, however, weight gain was significantly (<i>p</i> < .01) increased in quails supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg. Similarly, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (<i>p</i> < .01) reduced in group supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg Se-NPs. White blood cells increased significantly (P0.01) in 0.4 mg/kg while haemoglobin and red cell distribution width decreased (<i>p</i> < .01) in the same group. Both treatment regimens resulted in DNA damage and histopathological alterations; however, the adverse effects were more prominent in the group receiving the higher dose of 0.4 mg/kg. These findings indicate that the lower dose of 0.2 mg/kg may have beneficial effects on growth. However, the higher dose of 0.4 mg/kg not only negatively impacts growth but also leads to histopathological alterations in major organs of the body and DNA damage as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10986439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2331530
Jue Gui, Md Abul Kalam Azad, Wenchao Lin, Chengwen Meng, Xin Hu, Yadong Cui, Wei Lan, Jianhua He, Xiangfeng Kong
This study evaluates the effects of dietary Chinese herb ultrafine powder (CHUP) supplementation in late-phase laying hens on the quality and nutritional values of eggs. A total of 576 Xinyang black-feather laying hens (300-day-old) were randomly allocated into eight groups for a 120-day feeding trial. Each group contained eight replicates with nine hens per replicate. The experimental groups included the control (basal diet) and different levels of CHUP groups (details in 'Materials and methods'). The results showed that the eggshell strength was increased (p < 0.05) in the L, LF, L-LF, L-T, and LF-T groups on day 60 of the trial. In addition, the plasma estradiol level in the L-LF, LF-T, and L-LF-T groups and unsaturated fatty acids concentrations in egg yolk of the CHUP groups (except LF-T group) were increased, whereas total cholesterol (T, L-LF, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) in egg yolk and the atherogenicity (T, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) and thrombogenicity (T, L-LF, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) indexes were decreased (p < 0.05) on day 60 of the trial compared with the control group. Moreover, bitter amino acids in egg albumen were decreased (p < 0.05) in the L-LF group on day 60 and the L-LF-T group on day 120 of the trial. Collectively, these findings indicate that dietary CHUP supplementation could improve eggshell quality and increase plasma reproductive hormone, fatty acid and amino acid composition, and nutritional values of eggs, especially L-LF and L-LF-T.
本研究评估了蛋鸡后期补充中草药超微粉(CHUP)对鸡蛋质量和营养价值的影响。研究人员将 576 只信阳黑羽蛋鸡(300 日龄)随机分为 8 组,进行为期 120 天的饲养试验。每组包含 8 个重复,每个重复 9 只母鸡。实验组包括对照组(基础日粮)和不同水平的 CHUP 组(详见 "材料和方法")。结果表明,蛋壳强度提高了(p p p p
{"title":"Chinese herb ultrafine powder supplementation improves egg nutritional value and quality in laying hens.","authors":"Jue Gui, Md Abul Kalam Azad, Wenchao Lin, Chengwen Meng, Xin Hu, Yadong Cui, Wei Lan, Jianhua He, Xiangfeng Kong","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2331530","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2331530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the effects of dietary Chinese herb ultrafine powder (CHUP) supplementation in late-phase laying hens on the quality and nutritional values of eggs. A total of 576 Xinyang black-feather laying hens (300-day-old) were randomly allocated into eight groups for a 120-day feeding trial. Each group contained eight replicates with nine hens per replicate. The experimental groups included the control (basal diet) and different levels of CHUP groups (details in 'Materials and methods'). The results showed that the eggshell strength was increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the L, LF, L-LF, L-T, and LF-T groups on day 60 of the trial. In addition, the plasma estradiol level in the L-LF, LF-T, and L-LF-T groups and unsaturated fatty acids concentrations in egg yolk of the CHUP groups (except LF-T group) were increased, whereas total cholesterol (T, L-LF, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) in egg yolk and the atherogenicity (T, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) and thrombogenicity (T, L-LF, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) indexes were decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) on day 60 of the trial compared with the control group. Moreover, bitter amino acids in egg albumen were decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the L-LF group on day 60 and the L-LF-T group on day 120 of the trial. Collectively, these findings indicate that dietary CHUP supplementation could improve eggshell quality and increase plasma reproductive hormone, fatty acid and amino acid composition, and nutritional values of eggs, especially L-LF and L-LF-T.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10986442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2373295
Aaqil Ahmad, Asad Sultan, Shabana Naz, Naila Chand, Ziaul Islam, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Rifat Ullah Khan, Samia H Abdelrahman, Sifa Dai
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying levels of sorghum-based diets as an alternative to maize in broiler nutrition. A total of 320 one-day-old male Ross 708 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups (5 pens per treatment and 16 birds per pen), comprising a control group with a basal diet and groups receiving sorghum-based diets with 20%, 40%, and 100% maize replacement. The overall weight gain was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in the control group, followed by 20%, 40%, and 100% sorghum replacement. Additionally, overall feed intake was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the 20% sorghum replacement group compared to the control and other groups. Broilers fed sorghum-based diets exhibited a significantly (p < 0.01) increased feed conversion ratio. Carcass characteristics showed no significant differences between broilers fed corn and sorghum; however, the digestibility of crude protein and apparent metabolizable energy significantly (p < 0.01) increased in the 20% sorghum-corn replacement compared to the 40% and 100% replacement levels. Ileal villus height and width did not differ among the corn-sorghum-based diets, regardless of the replacement percentage. Furthermore, among the cecal microbiota, Lactobacillus count was significantly (p < 0.041) higher in the 20% corn-sorghum diet compared to the 40% and 100% replacement levels. These findings suggest that replacing corn up to 20% of corn with sorghum in broiler diet positively impact growth performance, gut health, nutrient digestibility, and cecal microbiota in broilers. However, larger replacements (40% and 100%) may have negative implications for broiler production and health.
本研究旨在评估不同水平的高粱日粮作为玉米替代品对肉鸡营养的影响。研究人員將 320 隻一天齡的雄性 Ross 708 肉雞隨機分配到四個處理組(每個處理組有五個雞籠,每個雞籠有 16 隻雞),其中包括以基本日糧為主的對照組,以及以高粱替代 20%、40% 和 100%玉米的日糧組。总体增重显著(p p p p 乳酸菌数量显著(p
{"title":"Growth performance, nutrients digestibility, intestinal microbiota and histology altered in broilers fed maize- or sorghum-based diets.","authors":"Aaqil Ahmad, Asad Sultan, Shabana Naz, Naila Chand, Ziaul Islam, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Rifat Ullah Khan, Samia H Abdelrahman, Sifa Dai","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2373295","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2373295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying levels of sorghum-based diets as an alternative to maize in broiler nutrition. A total of 320 one-day-old male Ross 708 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups (5 pens per treatment and 16 birds per pen), comprising a control group with a basal diet and groups receiving sorghum-based diets with 20%, 40%, and 100% maize replacement. The overall weight gain was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) higher in the control group, followed by 20%, 40%, and 100% sorghum replacement. Additionally, overall feed intake was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) higher in the 20% sorghum replacement group compared to the control and other groups. Broilers fed sorghum-based diets exhibited a significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) increased feed conversion ratio. Carcass characteristics showed no significant differences between broilers fed corn and sorghum; however, the digestibility of crude protein and apparent metabolizable energy significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) increased in the 20% sorghum-corn replacement compared to the 40% and 100% replacement levels. Ileal villus height and width did not differ among the corn-sorghum-based diets, regardless of the replacement percentage. Furthermore, among the cecal microbiota, <i>Lactobacillus</i> count was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.041) higher in the 20% corn-sorghum diet compared to the 40% and 100% replacement levels. These findings suggest that replacing corn up to 20% of corn with sorghum in broiler diet positively impact growth performance, gut health, nutrient digestibility, and cecal microbiota in broilers. However, larger replacements (40% and 100%) may have negative implications for broiler production and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11218579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2300948
Abdul Hafeez, Said Shahid Ali, Junaid Akhtar, Shabana Naz, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Mohammed Fahad Albeshr, Muhammad Israr, Rifat Ullah Khan
The study investigated the impact of incorporating a specific herbal blend comprising coriander, garlic, and fenugreek (CGF) at various levels on the zootechnical performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. The 42-day experiment involved 360 broilers (Cobb 500), organized into four distinct treatment groups. The dietary interventions included a control group consisting of a basal diet and the same diet was supplemented with CGF at rates of 1, 2, and 3%. Broilers receiving a 1% phytogenic mixture exhibited significantly increased live weight and carcass weight. Moreover, the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat significantly improved in broilers supplemented with a 1% phytogenic mixture. On the other hand, the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus showed a notable increase in broilers fed with a 3% phytogenic mixture. Regarding serum metabolites, the 1% phytogenic mixture group displayed significantly higher levels of high density lipoprotein and triglycerides. The supplementation of the broiler diet with a herbal mixture of coriander, fenugreek, and garlic at a 1% rate resulted in improved growth performance, carcass quality, nutrient digestion, and lipid profile.
{"title":"Impact of coriander (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i>), garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i>), fenugreek (<i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>) on zootechnical performance, carcass quality, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broilers chickens.","authors":"Abdul Hafeez, Said Shahid Ali, Junaid Akhtar, Shabana Naz, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Mohammed Fahad Albeshr, Muhammad Israr, Rifat Ullah Khan","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2300948","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2300948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study investigated the impact of incorporating a specific herbal blend comprising coriander, garlic, and fenugreek (CGF) at various levels on the zootechnical performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. The 42-day experiment involved 360 broilers (Cobb 500), organized into four distinct treatment groups. The dietary interventions included a control group consisting of a basal diet and the same diet was supplemented with CGF at rates of 1, 2, and 3%. Broilers receiving a 1% phytogenic mixture exhibited significantly increased live weight and carcass weight. Moreover, the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat significantly improved in broilers supplemented with a 1% phytogenic mixture. On the other hand, the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus showed a notable increase in broilers fed with a 3% phytogenic mixture. Regarding serum metabolites, the 1% phytogenic mixture group displayed significantly higher levels of high density lipoprotein and triglycerides. The supplementation of the broiler diet with a herbal mixture of coriander, fenugreek, and garlic at a 1% rate resulted in improved growth performance, carcass quality, nutrient digestion, and lipid profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10906120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2384910
Ming-Jen Kang, Pin-Chen Liu, Hock Gan Heng, Kuan-Sheng Chen
Information on the clinical outcomes of feline azotemia using ultrasound examinations is limited. This study aimed to understand the correlation between cortical anisotropy backscattering artifact (CABA) and serum creatinine (sCr) changes in feline azotemia after hospitalization and to investigate whether CABA is useful for predicting the clinical outcome of feline azotemia. Sixty-five hospitalized cats with azotemia, including 49 cats with moderate or severe azotemia (severe group) and 16 cats with mild azotemia (mild group). This retrospective study reviewed the CABA using ultrasound images of cats hospitalized with azotemia between 2016 and 2021. The correlation between CABA and the clinical outcomes of cats with azotemia was investigated using the chi-squared or Fisher's exact test, and the intra- and inter-observer agreements in CABA were assessed using McNemar's and Cohen's kappa tests. The presence of CABA was significantly positively correlated with the clinical outcomes of cats with azotemia only in the severe group (p = 0.0034, odds ratio = 8.57). There was no association between CABA and clinical outcomes in cats with mild azotemia (p = 0.75). CABA can be used for clinical outcome prediction in moderate and severe feline azotemia, with a sensitivity of 80.8% and a specificity of 73.9%. Also, satisfactory intra- and inter-observer agreements were revealed in the detection of CABA during ultrasound image review. Our study demonstrated that cats with moderate and severe azotemia with CABA observed during ultrasonography might have better clinical outcomes. These findings provide additional information on the prognosis and treatment of feline azotemia.
{"title":"Correlation between change in serum creatinine concentration and renal cortical anisotropic backscattering artifact in azotemic cats during hospitalization.","authors":"Ming-Jen Kang, Pin-Chen Liu, Hock Gan Heng, Kuan-Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2384910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2024.2384910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Information on the clinical outcomes of feline azotemia using ultrasound examinations is limited. This study aimed to understand the correlation between cortical anisotropy backscattering artifact (CABA) and serum creatinine (sCr) changes in feline azotemia after hospitalization and to investigate whether CABA is useful for predicting the clinical outcome of feline azotemia. Sixty-five hospitalized cats with azotemia, including 49 cats with moderate or severe azotemia (severe group) and 16 cats with mild azotemia (mild group). This retrospective study reviewed the CABA using ultrasound images of cats hospitalized with azotemia between 2016 and 2021. The correlation between CABA and the clinical outcomes of cats with azotemia was investigated using the chi-squared or Fisher's exact test, and the intra- and inter-observer agreements in CABA were assessed using McNemar's and Cohen's kappa tests. The presence of CABA was significantly positively correlated with the clinical outcomes of cats with azotemia only in the severe group (<i>p</i> = 0.0034, odds ratio = 8.57). There was no association between CABA and clinical outcomes in cats with mild azotemia (<i>p</i> = 0.75). CABA can be used for clinical outcome prediction in moderate and severe feline azotemia, with a sensitivity of 80.8% and a specificity of 73.9%. Also, satisfactory intra- and inter-observer agreements were revealed in the detection of CABA during ultrasound image review. Our study demonstrated that cats with moderate and severe azotemia with CABA observed during ultrasonography might have better clinical outcomes. These findings provide additional information on the prognosis and treatment of feline azotemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2318198
Ruy D Chacón, Christian J Sánchez-Llatas, Sarah L Pajuelo, Andrea J Diaz Forero, Victor Jimenez-Vasquez, Jack A Médico, Luis F Soto-Ugaldi, Claudete S Astolfi-Ferreira, Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
Marek's disease virus (MDV) has become an increasingly virulent pathogen in the poultry industry despite vaccination efforts to control it. Brazil has experienced a significant rise of Marek's disease (MD) outbreaks in recent years. Our study aimed to analyze the complete meq gene sequences to understand the molecular epidemiological basis of MD outbreaks in Brazilian vaccinated layer farms. We detected a high incidence rate of visceral MD (67.74%) and multiple circulating MDV strains. The most prevalent and geographically widespread genotype presented several clinical and molecular characteristics of a highly virulent strain and evolving under positive selective pressure. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis revealed a closer relationship with strains from the USA and Japan. This study sheds light on the circulation of MDV strains capable of infecting vaccinated birds. We emphasize the urgency of adopting preventive measures to manage MDV outbreaks threatening the poultry farming industry.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of the <i>meq</i> oncogene of Marek's disease virus in vaccinated Brazilian poultry farms reveals selective pressure on prevalent strains.","authors":"Ruy D Chacón, Christian J Sánchez-Llatas, Sarah L Pajuelo, Andrea J Diaz Forero, Victor Jimenez-Vasquez, Jack A Médico, Luis F Soto-Ugaldi, Claudete S Astolfi-Ferreira, Antonio J Piantino Ferreira","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2318198","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2318198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marek's disease virus (MDV) has become an increasingly virulent pathogen in the poultry industry despite vaccination efforts to control it. Brazil has experienced a significant rise of Marek's disease (MD) outbreaks in recent years. Our study aimed to analyze the complete <i>meq</i> gene sequences to understand the molecular epidemiological basis of MD outbreaks in Brazilian vaccinated layer farms. We detected a high incidence rate of visceral MD (67.74%) and multiple circulating MDV strains. The most prevalent and geographically widespread genotype presented several clinical and molecular characteristics of a highly virulent strain and evolving under positive selective pressure. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis revealed a closer relationship with strains from the USA and Japan. This study sheds light on the circulation of MDV strains capable of infecting vaccinated birds. We emphasize the urgency of adopting preventive measures to manage MDV outbreaks threatening the poultry farming industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10930104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140095006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2367214
Bushra Sana, Naila Chand, Shabana Naz, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Rifat Ullah Khan, Shamsuddin Shamsi, Caterina Losacco, Vincenzo Tufarelli
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of different levels of hempseed (HS) on growth performance, immunity and gut health in broiler chickens. A total of 192 Hubbard broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed HS as follow: control (HS0), HS 10% (HS-10), HS 15% (HS-15) and HS 20% (HS-20). The study on HS supplementation in broilers revealed no significant impacts on feed intake during the starter (p = .2294) and finisher phases (p = .2294), or overall (p = .0944), though numerical increases were noted with higher HS levels. Body weight gain showed no significant influence in the starter and finisher phases, with overall weight gain also not significantly different (p = .0944), but numerically higher with increased HS. Feed conversion ratio was unaffected in the starter (p = .6986) and finisher phases (p = .6425), and overall (p = .2218). Dressing percentage (p = .1062) and mortality (p = .1631) were not significantly altered, but HS-20 had the highest dressing percentage and lowest mortality numerically. White blood cell counts increased significantly (p = .0377), especially in HS-15 and HS-20 groups. IgM and IgG production was higher in HS-20 on day 28 (p = .021). Gut pH (p > .05) and intestinal histomorphology (p > .05) were not significantly affected, although villus height increased numerically with higher HS levels. These results suggest potential benefits of HS, especially at higher inclusion levels. In conclusion, the obtained results indicated that HS incorporation into the diet of broilers did not affect the growth performance and gut health; however, the immune responses were significantly higher at 15 and 20% levels.
{"title":"Effects of hempseed (<i>Cannabis sativa L.</i>) in diet on growth, gut health, and immunity in broilers.","authors":"Bushra Sana, Naila Chand, Shabana Naz, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Rifat Ullah Khan, Shamsuddin Shamsi, Caterina Losacco, Vincenzo Tufarelli","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2367214","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2367214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of different levels of hempseed (HS) on growth performance, immunity and gut health in broiler chickens. A total of 192 Hubbard broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed HS as follow: control (HS0), HS 10% (HS-10), HS 15% (HS-15) and HS 20% (HS-20). The study on HS supplementation in broilers revealed no significant impacts on feed intake during the starter (<i>p</i> = .2294) and finisher phases (<i>p</i> = .2294), or overall (<i>p</i> = .0944), though numerical increases were noted with higher HS levels. Body weight gain showed no significant influence in the starter and finisher phases, with overall weight gain also not significantly different (<i>p</i> = .0944), but numerically higher with increased HS. Feed conversion ratio was unaffected in the starter (<i>p</i> = .6986) and finisher phases (<i>p</i> = .6425), and overall (<i>p</i> = .2218). Dressing percentage (<i>p</i> = .1062) and mortality (<i>p</i> = .1631) were not significantly altered, but HS-20 had the highest dressing percentage and lowest mortality numerically. White blood cell counts increased significantly (<i>p</i> = .0377), especially in HS-15 and HS-20 groups. IgM and IgG production was higher in HS-20 on day 28 (<i>p</i> = .021). Gut pH (<i>p</i> > .05) and intestinal histomorphology (<i>p</i> > .05) were not significantly affected, although villus height increased numerically with higher HS levels. These results suggest potential benefits of HS, especially at higher inclusion levels. In conclusion, the obtained results indicated that HS incorporation into the diet of broilers did not affect the growth performance and gut health; however, the immune responses were significantly higher at 15 and 20% levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11188954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2347926
Guk-Il Joung, Jeong-Yeol Bae, Jung-Il Kim, Jin-Young Kim, Joong-Hyun Song
Dogs that had splenectomy are predisposed to fatal thrombotic conditions, and thrombocytosis is a risk factor for post-splenectomy hypercoagulability. However, in veterinary medicine, there are no specific therapeutic approaches for managing this hypercoagulability. This study aimed to determine the preventive effect of clopidogrel on post-operative hypercoagulability during the first 2 weeks post-splenectomy in dogs with splenic masses. This study included 12 dogs that had splenectomy. Seven dogs received no treatment (group A), and five were treated with clopidogrel (group B). Clopidogrel was loaded at 10 mg/kg on day 2 and continued at 2 mg/kg until day 14. Blood samples were collected on the day of surgery and 2, 7, and 14 days after splenectomy in both groups. In group B, thromboelastography (TEG) was performed on the same days. In group A, there was significant elevation of platelet counts on days 7 (p = 0.007) and 14 (p = 0.001) compared to day 0. In group B, the platelet counts were significantly elevated on day 7 (p = 0.032) but no significant difference was found on day 14 compared to day 0. Platelet counts on day 14 were significantly higher in group A than in group B (p = 0.03). The lower platelet counts were correlated with alterations in TEG parameters, and no significant differences were found in the K and α-angle values at all postoperative assessment points compared to day 0. Our study suggests that clopidogrel may reduce post-operative thrombocytosis and hypercoagulability in dogs that undergo splenectomy for splenic masses.
{"title":"Evaluation of clopidogrel, hypercoagulability, and platelet count in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses.","authors":"Guk-Il Joung, Jeong-Yeol Bae, Jung-Il Kim, Jin-Young Kim, Joong-Hyun Song","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2347926","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2347926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dogs that had splenectomy are predisposed to fatal thrombotic conditions, and thrombocytosis is a risk factor for post-splenectomy hypercoagulability. However, in veterinary medicine, there are no specific therapeutic approaches for managing this hypercoagulability. This study aimed to determine the preventive effect of clopidogrel on post-operative hypercoagulability during the first 2 weeks post-splenectomy in dogs with splenic masses. This study included 12 dogs that had splenectomy. Seven dogs received no treatment (group A), and five were treated with clopidogrel (group B). Clopidogrel was loaded at 10 mg/kg on day 2 and continued at 2 mg/kg until day 14. Blood samples were collected on the day of surgery and 2, 7, and 14 days after splenectomy in both groups. In group B, thromboelastography (TEG) was performed on the same days. In group A, there was significant elevation of platelet counts on days 7 (<i>p</i> = 0.007) and 14 (<i>p</i> = 0.001) compared to day 0. In group B, the platelet counts were significantly elevated on day 7 (<i>p</i> = 0.032) but no significant difference was found on day 14 compared to day 0. Platelet counts on day 14 were significantly higher in group A than in group B (<i>p</i> = 0.03). The lower platelet counts were correlated with alterations in TEG parameters, and no significant differences were found in the K and α-angle values at all postoperative assessment points compared to day 0. Our study suggests that clopidogrel may reduce post-operative thrombocytosis and hypercoagulability in dogs that undergo splenectomy for splenic masses.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11146242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141186643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2300947
Mathieu de Preux, Christina Precht, Julien Guevar, Claudia Graubner, Sebastian Thenhaus-Schnabel, Larissa Buser, Anton Lukes, Christoph Koch
A 16-year-old warmblood mare was referred with a progressive history of behavioral changes and left-sided blindness. Following neuroanatomical localization to the forebrain, magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed a well-delineated, 4.5 cm in diameter, round pituitary mass causing marked compression of the midbrain and optic chiasm. Euthanasia was recommended but declined by the owners. Veterinary specialists and a human neurosurgeon collaboratively prepared for surgical case management. A novel navigated transmandibular lateral transsphenoidal approach was developed to access the region of the sella turcica and practiced on cadaver specimens. The horse was anesthetized and placed in sternal recumbency with the head above the heart line. Using a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-coupled navigation system, a navigated pin traversing the vertical ramus of the mandible and the lateral pterygoid muscle was placed in a direct trajectory to the predetermined osteotomy site of the basisphenoid bone. A safe corridor to the osteotomy site was established using sequential tubular dilators bypassing the guttural pouch, internal and external carotid arteries. Despite the use of microsurgical techniques, visualization of critical structures was limited by the long and narrow working channel. Whilst partial resection of the mass was achieved, iatrogenic trauma to the normal brain parenchyma was identified by intraoperative imaging. With consent of the owner the mare was euthanized under the same general anesthesia. Post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging and gross anatomical examination confirmed partial removal of a pituitary adenoma, but also iatrogenic damage to the surrounding brain parenchyma, including the thalamus.
{"title":"A transmandibular lateral transsphenoidal navigated surgical approach to access a pituitary macroadenoma in a warmblood mare.","authors":"Mathieu de Preux, Christina Precht, Julien Guevar, Claudia Graubner, Sebastian Thenhaus-Schnabel, Larissa Buser, Anton Lukes, Christoph Koch","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2300947","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2300947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 16-year-old warmblood mare was referred with a progressive history of behavioral changes and left-sided blindness. Following neuroanatomical localization to the forebrain, magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed a well-delineated, 4.5 cm in diameter, round pituitary mass causing marked compression of the midbrain and optic chiasm. Euthanasia was recommended but declined by the owners. Veterinary specialists and a human neurosurgeon collaboratively prepared for surgical case management. A novel navigated transmandibular lateral transsphenoidal approach was developed to access the region of the sella turcica and practiced on cadaver specimens. The horse was anesthetized and placed in sternal recumbency with the head above the heart line. Using a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-coupled navigation system, a navigated pin traversing the vertical ramus of the mandible and the lateral pterygoid muscle was placed in a direct trajectory to the predetermined osteotomy site of the basisphenoid bone. A safe corridor to the osteotomy site was established using sequential tubular dilators bypassing the guttural pouch, internal and external carotid arteries. Despite the use of microsurgical techniques, visualization of critical structures was limited by the long and narrow working channel. Whilst partial resection of the mass was achieved, iatrogenic trauma to the normal brain parenchyma was identified by intraoperative imaging. With consent of the owner the mare was euthanized under the same general anesthesia. Post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging and gross anatomical examination confirmed partial removal of a pituitary adenoma, but also iatrogenic damage to the surrounding brain parenchyma, including the thalamus.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-27DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2306210
Natasher Madyavanhu, Munyaradzi Davis Shekede, Samuel Kusangaya, Davies Mubika Pfukenyi, Sylvester Chikerema, Isaiah Gwitira
Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of Bovine anaplasmosis is crucial for identifying areas of high prevalence for targeted disease control. This research was aimed at modelling and mapping the B. anaplasmosis potential distribution, and identify hotspots as well as significant variables explaining the occurrence of the disease. The Getis Ord Gi* statistic for Hotspot analysis was used as well as MaxEnt ecological niche modelling. The effects of time, land-use, and agro-ecological regions on B. anaplasmosis occurrence were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results showed that several districts in Zimbabwe are suitable for the occurence of the disease for example Binga, Seke, Buhera, Kwekwe, Gweru, Mhondoro, Chegutu, Sanyati, and in the North: Mbire, Muzarabani, Mt Darwin, Shamva, Bindura, Zvimba and Makonde. Morbidity and mortality hotspots were detected in Gokwe-south, Kwekwe, and Chirumhanzu districts. Binga, Gokwe-south, Gutu, Hurungwe, Mazoe, Nkayi, Shamva, and Kwekwe districts also experienced high disease incidences. Temperature seasonality, precipitation seasonality, mean diurnal range, and isothermality were the most important variables in explaining 93% of B. anaplasmosis distribution. Unlike land-use and agro-ecological regions, time (months) had a significant effect on B. anaplasmosis occurrence with July and September having significantly (p < 0.05) higher cases and deaths than the rest of the months. The results of this study provide insights into the management strategies and control of B. anaplasmosis in Zimbabwe. It is thus concluded that geo-spatial techniques, combined with ecological niche modelling can provide useful insights into disease prevalence and distribution and hence can contribute to effective management and control of B. anaplasmosis in Zimbabwe.
{"title":"<i>Bovine anaplasmosis</i> in Zimbabwe: spatio-temporal distribution and environmental drivers.","authors":"Natasher Madyavanhu, Munyaradzi Davis Shekede, Samuel Kusangaya, Davies Mubika Pfukenyi, Sylvester Chikerema, Isaiah Gwitira","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2306210","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2306210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of <i>Bovine anaplasmosis</i> is crucial for identifying areas of high prevalence for targeted disease control. This research was aimed at modelling and mapping the <i>B. anaplasmosis</i> potential distribution, and identify hotspots as well as significant variables explaining the occurrence of the disease. The Getis Ord G<sub><i>i</i></sub>* statistic for Hotspot analysis was used as well as MaxEnt ecological niche modelling. The effects of time, land-use, and agro-ecological regions on <i>B. anaplasmosis</i> occurrence were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results showed that several districts in Zimbabwe are suitable for the occurence of the disease for example Binga, Seke, Buhera, Kwekwe, Gweru, Mhondoro, Chegutu, Sanyati, and in the North: Mbire, Muzarabani, Mt Darwin, Shamva, Bindura, Zvimba and Makonde. Morbidity and mortality hotspots were detected in Gokwe-south, Kwekwe, and Chirumhanzu districts. Binga, Gokwe-south, Gutu, Hurungwe, Mazoe, Nkayi, Shamva, and Kwekwe districts also experienced high disease incidences. Temperature seasonality, precipitation seasonality, mean diurnal range, and isothermality were the most important variables in explaining 93% of <i>B. anaplasmosis</i> distribution. Unlike land-use and agro-ecological regions, time (months) had a significant effect on <i>B. anaplasmosis</i> occurrence with July and September having significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher cases and deaths than the rest of the months. The results of this study provide insights into the management strategies and control of <i>B. anaplasmosis</i> in Zimbabwe. It is thus concluded that geo-spatial techniques, combined with ecological niche modelling can provide useful insights into disease prevalence and distribution and hence can contribute to effective management and control of <i>B. anaplasmosis</i> in Zimbabwe.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10823892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139567611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}