Pub Date : 2011-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.optm.2011.04.103
Tuğba Göncü M.D. , Şengül Özdek M.D.
Background
Bilateral multiple serous retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) are a very rare entity. Such conditions may be idiopathic or a presentation of some ocular and/or systemic pathologies. We report 2 unique cases of bilateral multiple serous PEDs without any known cause. Additionally, similar cases of multiple serous idiopathic PEDs reported in the literature were reviewed.
Case report
The patients were middle-age women with no known related ocular and systemic problems. Fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography found innumerable, small, serous, idiopathic PEDs mainly located in the macular area. One woman also had an associated subretinal pigment epithelial hemorrhage in 1 eye, which regressed spontaneously. There are only a few similar cases reported in the literature.
Conclusion
Idiopathic bilateral, multiple, tiny, serous PEDs in middle-age healthy people are rare entities that may be a variant of central serous choroidopathy in which retinal pigment epithelium is predominantly involved. The visual prognosis seems to be good without any intervention unless complicated by hemorrhages.
{"title":"Idiopathic multiple tiny serous retinal pigment epithelial detachments: Report of 2 cases and review of the literature","authors":"Tuğba Göncü M.D. , Şengül Özdek M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.optm.2011.04.103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optm.2011.04.103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Bilateral multiple serous retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) are a very rare entity. Such conditions may be idiopathic or a presentation of some ocular and/or systemic pathologies. We report 2 unique cases of bilateral multiple serous PEDs without any known cause. Additionally, similar cases of multiple serous idiopathic PEDs reported in the literature were reviewed.</p></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><p>The patients were middle-age women with no known related ocular and systemic problems. Fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography found innumerable, small, serous, idiopathic PEDs mainly located in the macular area. One woman also had an associated subretinal pigment epithelial hemorrhage in 1 eye, which regressed spontaneously. There are only a few similar cases reported in the literature.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Idiopathic bilateral, multiple, tiny, serous PEDs in middle-age healthy people are rare entities that may be a variant of central serous choroidopathy in which retinal pigment epithelium is predominantly involved. The visual prognosis seems to be good without any intervention unless complicated by hemorrhages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51265,"journal":{"name":"Optometry","volume":"82 9","pages":"Pages 556-562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.optm.2011.04.103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30264588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.optm.2010.09.016
Jørgen Bruun-Jensen M.D.
Background
The aim of this study was to develop a visual field screening system and investigate the importance of using 2 different programs for visual field screening to be used in places in which other perimeters are yet not available. The system consists of a laptop computer with instructions for the patient displayed on the screen and additional equipment to ensure central eye position, eye distance to the screen, optimal optical correction, and light intensity. This visual field screening system combines a screening program consisting of 68 test points with the highest density in areas of high prevalence of visual defects, followed by a supplementary program comprising 82 other test points in a quadratic lattice pattern.
Methods
The system was compared with Octopus 1-2-3 threshold perimetry, and the applicability of the system when operated by optometrists was evaluated.
Results
In the glaucoma clinic at the University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark, the screening program was used to investigate 98 patients (173 eyes) and to compare the results with those of the Octopus Perimetry Program dG2. The sensitivity of the system was 100% and the specificity was 78%. Subsequently, 18 optometrists in different locations in Denmark tested 1,022 patients (2,036 eyes). Patients contacted these optometrists because of the presence of refractive error, subjective vision problems, or eye symptoms. The screening was used as a part of a routine examination. In 432 eyes (21%), visual defects were detected using the screening program. By re-examining 349 eyes, with the addition of the supplementary program consisting of 82 other test points in a quadratic lattice pattern, the visual field defects were not reproduced in 263 eyes, a reduction of primary positive visual field defects by 75%. The additional supplementary program was not conducted with 38 eyes (2%) because of large visual field defects, high intraocular pressures, cataract, positive family history of glaucoma, lack of time, or poor patient cooperation. In 56 eyes (3%) examined with the additional supplementary program, the defects found in the screening program were reproduced. In total, 59 (5.8%) patients (38 + 56 eyes) were recommended to pursue an ophthalmologic eye examination by a local ophthalmologist.
Conclusion
Confrontation visual field testing in many places is the only method used for examining the visual field. A laptop computer system for visual field screening could be a better method for visual field screening in the primary eye care setting. For clinical relevance, it is necessary to perform the method with 2 different screening programs. The method can be useful as an important part of a routine examination and for directing further examinations.
本研究的目的是开发一种视野筛查系统，并研究在没有其他周边条件的地方使用两种不同的视野筛查方案的重要性。该系统包括一台笔记本电脑，在屏幕上显示对患者的说明，以及额外的设备，以确保眼睛中心位置、眼睛到屏幕的距离、最佳光学校正和光强度。该视野筛查系统结合了一个由68个测试点组成的筛查程序，这些测试点在视力缺陷高发区域密度最高，随后是一个由82个其他测试点组成的补充程序，这些测试点呈二次格模式。方法将该系统与Octopus 1-2-3阈值验光法进行比较，评价该系统在验光师操作时的适用性。结果在丹麦Rigshospitalet大学医院青光眼门诊对98例患者(173只眼)进行了筛查，并与Octopus Perimetry program dG2进行了比较。系统的灵敏度为100%，特异度为78%。随后，丹麦不同地区的18名验光师对1022名患者(2036只眼睛)进行了检测。由于存在屈光不正、主观视力问题或眼部症状，患者联系这些验光师。筛查是常规检查的一部分。在432只眼(21%)中，使用筛查程序检测到视力缺陷。通过对349只眼的复检，加上由82个二次点阵图组成的补充程序，263只眼的视野缺陷没有重现，原发性阳性视野缺陷减少了75%。由于大视野缺损、高眼压、白内障、青光眼家族史、缺乏时间或患者配合不佳，38只眼(2%)没有进行额外的补充计划。在56只眼(3%)中，用附加补充程序检查的缺陷被复制。共有59例(5.8%)患者(38 + 56眼)被推荐到当地眼科医生进行眼科检查。结论在许多地方，对视视野检查是检查视野的唯一方法。在初级眼保健环境中，使用笔记本电脑系统进行视野筛查是一种较好的方法。为了临床意义，有必要将该方法与两种不同的筛查方案结合使用。该方法可作为常规检查的重要组成部分和指导进一步检查。
{"title":"Visual field screening with a laptop computer system","authors":"Jørgen Bruun-Jensen M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.optm.2010.09.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optm.2010.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The aim of this study was to develop a visual field screening system and investigate the importance of using 2 different programs for visual field screening to be used in places in which other perimeters are yet not available. The system consists of a laptop computer with instructions for the patient displayed on the screen and additional equipment to ensure central eye position, eye distance to the screen, optimal optical correction, and light intensity. This visual field screening system combines a screening program consisting of 68 test points with the highest density in areas of high prevalence of visual defects, followed by a supplementary program comprising 82 other test points in a quadratic lattice pattern.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The system was compared with Octopus 1-2-3 threshold perimetry<span>, and the applicability of the system when operated by optometrists was evaluated.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the glaucoma clinic at the University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark, the screening program was used to investigate 98 patients (173 eyes) and to compare the results with those of the Octopus Perimetry Program dG2. The sensitivity of the system was 100% and the specificity was 78%. Subsequently, 18 optometrists in different locations in Denmark tested 1,022 patients (2,036 eyes). Patients contacted these optometrists because of the presence of refractive error<span><span>, subjective vision problems, or eye symptoms. The screening was used as a part of a routine examination. In 432 eyes (21%), visual defects were detected using the screening program. By re-examining 349 eyes, with the addition of the supplementary program consisting of 82 other test points in a quadratic lattice pattern, the visual field defects were not reproduced in 263 eyes, a reduction of primary positive visual field defects by 75%. The additional supplementary program was not conducted with 38 eyes (2%) because of large visual field defects, high </span>intraocular pressures<span>, cataract, positive family history of glaucoma, lack of time, or poor patient cooperation. In 56 eyes (3%) examined with the additional supplementary program, the defects found in the screening program were reproduced. In total, 59 (5.8%) patients (38 + 56 eyes) were recommended to pursue an ophthalmologic eye examination by a local ophthalmologist.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Confrontation visual field testing in many places is the only method used for examining the visual field. A laptop computer system for visual field screening could be a better method for visual field screening in the primary eye care setting. For clinical relevance, it is necessary to perform the method with 2 different screening programs. The method can be useful as an important part of a routine examination and for directing further examinations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51265,"journal":{"name":"Optometry","volume":"82 9","pages":"Pages 519-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.optm.2010.09.016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29959046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.005
American Optometric Association
{"title":"A provider-led health information network: The Kansas experience","authors":"American Optometric Association","doi":"10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51265,"journal":{"name":"Optometry","volume":"82 9","pages":"Pages 563-565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136842191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.010
Stephen E. Hess O.D.
{"title":"Cost-effective use of Lactated Ringer's in uncomplicated surgery","authors":"Stephen E. Hess O.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51265,"journal":{"name":"Optometry","volume":"82 9","pages":"Page 507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78925549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.optm.2011.02.016
Elesha R. Starkey O.D.
Purpose
The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the knowledge base of an urban community health center population on the link between nutrition and eye health to determine current habits and then utilize this information for an educational intervention.
Methods
A survey was given to 150 patients of an ethnically mixed, lower socioeconomic cohort. The data served as a guide for a focus group. An exit survey and a 1-month follow-up call were used to assess the success of the group.
Results
Approximately 83% of respondents were aware of a link between healthy food and healthy eyes. Fewer knew of the ocular benefits of specific nutrients such as omega-3 (42.7%) or vitamin C, vitamin E, lutein, and zeaxanthin (32.7%). Only 60% knew smoking could negatively affect eyesight. The largest age group was older than 55 years (26%), and the largest racial group was black (31.3%). The majority (64.7%) ate fish 1 to 2 days a week, and 40% ate green leafy vegetables 3 to 4 days a week. In the cohort, 73.3% reported they would take supplements or change eating habits to improve ocular health. Only 8% who participated in the survey attended the focus group. At the 1-month follow-up, 75% said they had changed their eating habits based on the information presented.
Conclusions
Although educating a community health center population about nutrition and ocular health can have a positive effect on patient behaviors, it is difficult, even with incentives, to engage this cohort in participating in focus groups aimed at changing behavior.
{"title":"A pilot study to gauge nutritional behavior regarding eye health in an urban community health center population","authors":"Elesha R. Starkey O.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.optm.2011.02.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optm.2011.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the knowledge base of an urban community health center population on the link between nutrition and eye health to determine current habits and then utilize this information for an educational intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A survey was given to 150 patients of an ethnically mixed, lower socioeconomic cohort. The data served as a guide for a focus group. An exit survey and a 1-month follow-up call were used to assess the success of the group.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Approximately 83% of respondents were aware of a link between healthy food and healthy eyes. Fewer knew of the ocular benefits of specific nutrients such as omega-3 (42.7%) or vitamin C<span><span>, vitamin E, </span>lutein<span>, and zeaxanthin (32.7%). Only 60% knew smoking could negatively affect eyesight. The largest age group was older than 55 years (26%), and the largest racial group was black (31.3%). The majority (64.7%) ate fish 1 to 2 days a week, and 40% ate green leafy vegetables 3 to 4 days a week. In the cohort, 73.3% reported they would take supplements or change eating habits to improve ocular health. Only 8% who participated in the survey attended the focus group. At the 1-month follow-up, 75% said they had changed their eating habits based on the information presented.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Although educating a community health center population about nutrition and ocular health can have a positive effect on patient behaviors, it is difficult, even with incentives, to engage this cohort in participating in focus groups aimed at changing behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51265,"journal":{"name":"Optometry","volume":"82 9","pages":"Pages 510-518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.optm.2011.02.016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29841790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.optm.2011.01.013
Mussaed Alabdelmoneam B.Sc. (Optom), Ph.D.
Background
Inherited color vision deficiencies (CVD) vary in prevalence by population and by sex. The most common CVD is X chromosome–linked anomalous trichromacy. Prevalence varies significantly by sex and race. The frequency of color vision defects in Saudi females has not been studied previously. This study surveyed the prevalence of congenital color vision defects in Saudi females of Arab origin.
Methods
Seven thousand four hundred sixty-seven female subjects (N = 7,467) from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were screened using both Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates and the Farnsworth Dichotomous test (D-15). CVD subjects were tested further with the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test.
Results
Of 7,467 female subjects tested, 26 subjects were found to have defective color vision, for a prevalence of 0.35%. Sixteen subjects had a deutan defect, and 10 had a protan defect. Arab females have significantly lower prevalence of CVD when compared with published data from females of other races. Analysis of the 5 regions of Saudi Arabia showed no significant difference between the regions.
Conclusion
Prevalence of CVD among Saudi females of Arab origin is 0.35% and is among the lowest of all published data.
{"title":"Prevalence of congenital color vision defects in Saudi females of Arab origin","authors":"Mussaed Alabdelmoneam B.Sc. (Optom), Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.optm.2011.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optm.2011.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Inherited color vision deficiencies (CVD) vary in prevalence by population and by sex. The most common CVD is X chromosome–linked anomalous trichromacy. Prevalence varies significantly by sex and race. The frequency of color vision defects in Saudi females has not been studied previously. This study surveyed the prevalence of congenital color vision defects in Saudi females of Arab origin.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seven thousand four hundred sixty-seven female subjects (N = 7,467) from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were screened using both Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates and the Farnsworth Dichotomous test (D-15). CVD subjects were tested further with the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 7,467 female subjects tested, 26 subjects were found to have defective color vision, for a prevalence of 0.35%. Sixteen subjects had a deutan defect, and 10 had a protan defect. Arab females have significantly lower prevalence of CVD when compared with published data from females of other races. Analysis of the 5 regions of Saudi Arabia showed no significant difference between the regions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Prevalence of CVD among Saudi females of Arab origin is 0.35% and is among the lowest of all published data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51265,"journal":{"name":"Optometry","volume":"82 9","pages":"Pages 543-548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.optm.2011.01.013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29942386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.008
Jason Price O.D.
{"title":"Bilateral simultaneous cataract surgery produces similar outcomes to those seen in sequential surgery","authors":"Jason Price O.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51265,"journal":{"name":"Optometry","volume":"82 9","pages":"Page 506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72897598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.004
Mark E. Wilkinson O.D., Richard J. Olson M.D., Stephen A. Kuusisto
{"title":"What is our role in promoting literacy for children who are “blind” or visually impaired?","authors":"Mark E. Wilkinson O.D., Richard J. Olson M.D., Stephen A. Kuusisto","doi":"10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51265,"journal":{"name":"Optometry","volume":"82 9","pages":"Pages 503-504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.optm.2011.07.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29959045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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