Physician and Sportsmedicine最新文献

Objectives: Reports of injury characteristics of high school track and field athletes participating in jumping events in the United States are limited. In this descriptive epidemiological study, we report injury rates and patterns in these athletes.

Methods: Injuries and athletic exposures (AE) from the National High School Sports Related Injury Surveillance System, and High School Reporting Information Online (RIO) from 2008-2019 were analyzed. Jumping events included high jump, long jump, triple jump, and pole vault. Injury rate ratios (IRR) and injury proportion ratios (IPR) were examined by sex.

Results: A total of 727 injuries related to jumping events during 5,486,279 AEs occurred with the highest frequency at the thigh (20.3%) followed by the ankle (18.2%), knee (16.1%), and lower leg (11.0%). The most common types of injuries were muscle strain (29.0%) and ligament sprain (21.2%). Most athletes returned to sport within 1 week (43.1%, n = 312) or 3 weeks (34.7%, n = 243). Few jumping-related injuries resulted in surgery (4.9%, n = 35) or medical disqualification (4.4%, n = 31). The jumping-related injury rate was 1.33 injuries/10,000 AEs from 2008 to 2019. The rate of jumping-related injuries was higher in competition than in practice (IRR = 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.25-3.06). Injury rates were significantly higher in practice for female athletes than for males (IRR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.23-1.86). Compared to male athletes, female athletes sustained a higher proportion of ankle injuries (IPR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.15-2.32) and ligament sprains (IPR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.16-2.09).

Conclusions: This study describes injury characteristics of high school track and field jumping athletes from 2008 to 2019. We found an overall injury rate of 1.33 injuries per 10,000 AEs. Higher overall rates of jumping-related injuries occurred during competitions than in practice, and female athletes displayed a significantly higher rate of injuries during practices compared to male athletes.

Objectives: This study describes the effects of patellar fracture on return to play (RTP) and functional outcomes among athletes in American professional sports.

Methods: Professional athletes from the National Football League (NFL), National Basketball Association (NBA), Major League Baseball (MLB), and National Hockey League (NHL) who suffered a patellar fracture between January 1965 and December 2021 were identified through injury reports and public archives. Performance scores, play time, and games played were collected for the season preceding patellar fracture and 2 seasons after RTP, and differences in recorded metrics compared to pre-injury levels and matched controls were analyzed.

Results: Twenty-nine of 41 (71%) injured athletes returned to play at an average of 217 days. Among all players, play volume decreased in year 1 compared to baseline but recovered to pre-injury levels in year 2. Athletes treated operatively experienced an initial decline in performance (p < 0.01) but recovered to pre-injury performance level in year 2. Nonoperative management resulted in a decline in performance in year 2 of RTP (p = 0.02). Athletes treated operatively performed significantly worse than matched controls in year 1 of RTP (64% vs. 99%; p = 0.04) but recovered to a similar level of performance as controls in year 2 (87% vs. 91%; p = 0.90).

Conclusion: A 71% rate of RTP was demonstrated among this limited cohort of 29 athletes in American professional sports after isolated patellar fracture. Although details regarding fracture characteristics and operative reports were not available for analysis, operative management was not associated with longer absence from play compared to nonoperative treatment. Despite the limitations of this study, the findings suggesting operative management may improve prospects of maintaining elite performance following RTP warrant further investigation.

Level of evidence: Case-control cohort analysis; Level of evidence, 3.

Objective: Developing softball pitchers are prone to injury due to the repetitive throwing motion. Many children and parents use the internet as a source of medical advice, but this information may not always be aligned with medical guidelines. The purpose of this study was to assess the medical advisability of injury prevention guidelines for developing softball pitchers on websites using Google as the primary search engine.

Methods: The first 100 websites populated from a Google search using the term softball youth pitching recommendations were evaluated. Each website was categorized as discussing baseball, softball, or both, and as athletic, commercial, or educational. For every website, 16 recommendations described by the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) Stop Sports Injuries softball injury prevention guidelines (Table 1) were scored as in agreement (+1), different guideline mentioned (0.5), no mention (0), or discordant (-1).[Table: see text].

Results: Of the 98 qualifying websites, 57 advised only about softball, while 19 advised about both baseball and softball. Fifty websites had no mention of any recommendation outlined by AOSSM. Websites that were mostly in agreement with AOSSM were educational websites (mean score = 3.9, p = 0.02), websites discussing only softball (mean score = 2.0, p = 0.02), and the first 50 websites (mean score = 2.2, p = 0.04). The most common discordant guideline was differing opinions in pitch count (13 websites).

Conclusion: The most common category in disagreement with AOSSM was different pitch count guidelines, highlighting a need for websites to provide more consistent information using high-quality resources. Educational websites, websites discussing only softball, and the first 50 websites had the highest scores, indicating that these types of websites are most likely to have the highest amount of medically advisable information. We recommend users conduct targeted Google searches on reliable websites for information on pitching softball recommendations to maximize the validity of Google search results.

Objectives: This study aims to explore and understand the knowledge and attitudes of Paralympic athletes and their coaches toward pressure ulcers. By focusing on this underserved population, the study seeks to improve awareness, recognition, and management practices to minimize the health and performance impacts of pressure ulcers in Paralympic sports.

Methods: Paralympic athletes and their coaches were contacted. Volunteers were included in the exploratory sequential mixed design study. In the quantitative phase, a digital survey was used to evaluate Paralympic athletes' and coaches' awareness of pressure ulcers. To gain a deeper understanding of the factors deemed significant in the quantitative analyses, the researcher conducted one-on-one semi-structured interviews with athletes and coaches. The data was analyzed using the SPSS package program and MAXQDA program.

Results: Ten coaches and 82 Paralympic athletes participated in the study. The sports disciplines were wheelchair basketball (40%), Paralympic table tennis (40%), Paralympic court tennis (10%), and athletics (10%). Coaches' knowledge about pressure ulcers was low, and athletes' knowledge was even lower. It was concluded that coaches should improve their attitudes toward pressure ulcers, particularly in the areas of competence and responsibility sharing. During the interviews with the participants, several themes emerged.

Conclusion: To address pressure ulcers' significance, it is essential to increase the knowledge level of both athletes and the entire team and adopt a positive attitude. It has been concluded that different areas of expertise in the fields of health and sports should work with a more organized structure and team awareness.

Objectives: To report the injury epidemiology of the Great Britain's (GB) men's basketball team games and training over a 6-season period.

Methods: Non-time loss (NTL) and time-loss (TL) injuries were recorded throughout 14 international windows (2018-2024). Exposure (player-hours) was recorded for team training and games. NTL and TL injury incidence is presented per 1000 player-hours (p/1000 h; 95% CI) for training, games and overall exposure. TL severity (days-lost) and burden (days-lost/1000 h; 95% CI) was calculated, with incidence rate ratios (IRR, 95% CI) comparing game and training incidence for each definition.

Results: Throughout the study period, 113 injuries were recorded, of which 65 were GB related (43 NTL and 22 TL). Game injury incidence was significantly greater than training for TL (96/1000 h; 95% CI 33-159 versus 6/1000 h; 95% CI 2-9; IRR = 17; 95% CI 7-44) and NTL (75/1000 h; 95% CI 10-131 versus 7/1000 h; 95% CI 3-11; IRR = 11; 95% CI 4-28) injury definitions. Overall, most TL injuries occurred at the ankle (36%, 5/1000 h; 95% CI 2-9) and NTL injuries at the knee (19%, 5/1000 h; 95% CI 2-9). 31 overuse injuries were recorded, with 25% lower limb tendinopathies. TL injury severity ranged from 1 to 30 days, with injury burden for games (675/1000 h; 95% CI 234-1116) greater than training (48/1000 h; 95% CI 55-133).

Conclusion: The reported game injury incidence is high, with a large prevalence of NTL injuries. Lower limb injuries were most common, particularly overuse knee injuries. Preventative strategies need to be specific in the international basketball context, where camps are short but intense in duration.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the psychological demands and external workload experienced in the seven sessions leading up to injuries and the demands in the month preceding the injury week among professional Brazilian soccer players.

Methods: Initially, 33 players participated, but only 15 were included in the analysis due to the occurrence of 23 muscle-tendon injuries recorded according to International Olympic Committee (IOC) guidelines. The study assessed muscle-tendon injuries, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and psychological variables (i.e. mental load, motivation, and mental fatigue) using specific questionnaires, while weekly accumulated workload (i.e. total distance, high-speed running distance, sprint running distance, number of sprints, and actions accelerating and decelerating) was recorded using Global Position System devices.

Results: The results indicated that players experienced higher external loads, particularly in high-intensity running variables, along with increased mental load and mental fatigue during the match prior to injury occurrence (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: These findings highlight the significance of carefully monitoring both external and psychological demands during competition, which is essential for developing effective recovery strategies and modulate the subsequent microcycle training loads in order to reduce the risk of suffer a muscle-tendon injury.

Introduction: Smooth pursuit eye movements may be affected by head impacts. The EyeGuide Focus system is a simple, portable, test of visual tracking. This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of EyeGuide measurements for detection of concussion during elite Rugby matches.

Methods: A prospective diagnostic case-control study was performed in the elite 2021/2022 United Rugby Championship competition. The study population comprised consecutive players identified with match-related head impact events during the World Rugby Head Injury Assessment process, randomly chosen uninjured players, and players with match-related musculoskeletal injuries. The index test was blinded EyeGuide assessment performed by independent assessors. The reference standard was concussion diagnosed by the team doctor. Distributions of EyeGuide scores were compared between concussed and non-concussed players and receiver operator characteristic curves constructed.

Results: EyeGuide testing was performed in 262 cases, comprising 55 concussed players and 207 non concussed players (33 head impact events, 97 uninjured controls, and 79 musculoskeletal injury controls). The distributions of EyeGuide score were similar between concussed and non-concussed cases (medians 20,120 Vs 21,522, p = 0.3; difference -1,402, 95% CI -5,332-3,865). The c-index for the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.46 (95% CI 0.36-0.55).

Conclusions: EyeGuide Focus scores did not appear to discriminate between concussed and non-concussed players in a cohort of elite Rugby players.

Purpose: This systematic review aims to synthesize the current research on doping in combat sports, examining the prevalence, detection methods, prevention strategies, and overall impact on combat sports.

Design/methodology/approach: Of the 21 identified articles, six met the inclusion criteria. A systematic approach was used, including content analysis based on specific criteria: articles in English, original research, and relevance to sport and doping.

Findings: The review reveals an unsettling prevalence of doping across combat sports, suggesting that current detection and prevention efforts may be insufficient to address the unique pressures and risks within these disciplines. In particular, substances like anabolic agents, diuretics, hormone modulators, and NSAIDs are commonly detected, especially among athletes in heavier weight categories and those engaging in rapid weight loss. Psychological and social factors, including social norms and perceived acceptance within athletic environments, appear to play a significant role in shaping doping behaviors, complicating prevention efforts. Beta-agonists emerged as the sixth most frequent cause of adverse analytical findings (AAF) in 2020, according to WADA data, while kickboxing had the highest AAF rate among combat sports in a 2015 report. These trends suggest a pressing need for more comprehensive, nuanced approaches to regulation.

Research limitations/implications: Limited to English-language articles The honesty of athletes about their experience in doping could have influenced the results.

Originality/value: As the first systematic review on doping in combat sports, this study offers valuable insights and underscores the urgency of developing anti-doping policies and it provides insightful data for future research directions for addressing doping in these disciplines.

Objective: To evaluate if peer relationship ratings differ among adolescents who sustain a sport-related concussion compared to those who sustain a non-sport-related concussion.

Study design: We conducted a cross-sectional investigation of 123 adolescents who sustained a concussion within 21 days before their initial post-injury evaluation (mean = 9.2 ± 3.9 days post-concussion). Participants reported whether their injury occurred during organized sport participation (sport-related concussion group) or not (non-sport-related concussion group). Participants completed the PROMIS Global Pediatric 25 assessment, as well as the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI) to rate concussion symptom severity and a background/demographic intake form during the evaluation. We compared PROMIS peer relationship ratings between groups using independent t-tests and evaluated the association between peer relationship ratings and sport-related concussion using multiple linear regression after adjusting for covariates including PROMIS anxiety rating, age, sex, concussion and musculoskeletal injury history, loss of consciousness at time of concussion, physical activity participation prior to study evaluation, and concussion symptom severity.

Results: Most (N = 96, 78%) participants reported sustaining a concussion during sports. The group who sustained sport-related concussion reported significantly better post-concussion peer relationship ratings compared to the group who sustained a non-sport-related concussion (52.7 ± 7.7 vs. 47.7 ± 10.4; p = 0.009, Cohen's d = 0.60). After covariate adjustment, those who sustained a sport-related concussion had a significantly greater post-concussion peer relationship rating than those who sustained a non-sport-related concussion (β = 4.19, 95% CI = 0.39, 8.00; p = 0.03). Higher peer relationship ratings were also associated with lower anxiety ratings following concussion (β= -0.21, 95% CI= -0.38, -0.04; p = 0.03).

Conclusion: Adolescents who sustained a concussion during sports reported significantly greater post-concussion peer relationship ratings than those in non-sport settings. Better peer relationship ratings were associated with less anxiety in the post-injury period. These findings suggest the potential effects of contextual factors (e.g. peer support) to facilitate improved outcomes following adolescent concussion.