Avian Research最新文献_第6页

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

Metagenomic analysis of vitamins B and K2 biosynthesis by gut microbiota in wild birds 野生鸟类肠道菌群合成维生素B和维生素K2的宏基因组分析

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100337

Jinwen Su , Linhong Xie , Ling Wang , Congcong Lei , Yingqian Gao , Rui Liu , He Ma , Jing Jiang , Mengting Yang , Xiaoxuan Zhang , Hongbo Ni , Fulong Nan

The role of gut microbiota in vitamin biosynthesis in wild birds, which is essential for understanding avian health and ecological adaptation, remains largely unexplored. In this study, metagenomic analysis was conducted on 10,455 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from 718 wild bird gut samples. After quality assessment and dereplication, 1947 MAGs were retained for systematic analysis of vitamin B and K₂ biosynthesis potential. A total of 106,336 vitamin biosynthesis genes were identified, and 1164 MAGs (including 410 high-quality MAGs with >90% completeness and <5% contamination) were predicted to de novo synthesize at least one vitamin. Vitamin biosynthesis genes mainly originated from Pseudomonadota, Campylobacterota, Bacillota_A, and Actinomycetota, with dominant genera including Campylobacter_D, Escherichia, and Cutibacterium. Compared with chickens, the gut microbiota of wild birds was enriched in biotin, folate, and pantothenate biosynthesis genes, likely reflecting adaptation to diverse natural diets and fluctuating environments. Among all examined factors, host species explained the largest proportion of variation in vitamin biosynthesis gene composition, followed by environmental variables, while migratory behavior and primary diet showed relatively smaller but detectable associations. Dietary differences appeared to be associated with variations in vitamin biosynthetic potential, with crop- and insect-dominant birds tending to show higher representation of genes involved in the synthesis of multiple B vitamins, whereas aquatic-plant dominant birds exhibited relatively greater representation of folate biosynthetic pathways. Migratory birds exhibited significantly higher diversity but comparable relative abundance of vitamin biosynthesis genes compared with resident birds, suggesting a more flexible microbial metabolic potential to meet fluctuating nutritional demands during long-distance movement. Distinct microbial contributors were identified, with Escherichia and Pseudomonas_E being more prominent in migratory birds, and Campylobacter_D in resident birds. Collectively, this study provides novel insights into gut microbiota-driven vitamin biosynthesis in wild birds.

肠道菌群在野生鸟类维生素生物合成中的作用对了解鸟类健康和生态适应至关重要，但在很大程度上仍未被探索。本研究对来自718份野鸟肠道样本的10455个宏基因组组装基因组（MAGs）进行了宏基因组分析。经过质量评估和重复分析，保留了1947个mag，用于系统分析维生素B和K2的生物合成潜力。共鉴定出106,336个维生素生物合成基因，预计1164个mag（包括410个高质量mag，完整性>；90%，污染<；5%）可以从头合成至少一种维生素。维生素生物合成基因主要来源于假单胞菌门、弯曲菌门、Bacillota_A和放线菌门，优势属包括弯曲菌门d、埃希菌门和Cutibacterium。与鸡相比，野生鸟类的肠道菌群富含生物素、叶酸和泛酸生物合成基因，这可能反映了它们对不同自然饮食和波动环境的适应。在所有研究的因素中，宿主物种解释了维生素生物合成基因组成变化的最大比例，其次是环境变量，而迁徙行为和主要饮食表现出相对较小但可检测的关联。饮食差异似乎与维生素生物合成潜力的变化有关，作物和昆虫优势的鸟类倾向于表现出更多参与多种B族维生素合成的基因，而水生植物优势的鸟类表现出相对更多的叶酸生物合成途径。与留鸟相比，候鸟的维生素生物合成基因具有更高的多样性和相对丰度，这表明候鸟具有更灵活的微生物代谢潜力，以满足长途迁徙中波动的营养需求。不同的微生物贡献者被鉴定出来，其中埃希菌和假单胞菌在候鸟中更为突出，而弯曲菌在留鸟中更为突出。总的来说，这项研究为野生鸟类肠道微生物群驱动的维生素生物合成提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal variation and driving mechanisms of nest predation on Spotted Doves along an urbanization gradient 城市化梯度下斑鸽巢捕食的时空变化及驱动机制

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100335

Qingxin Fang , Wanyou Li , Junpeng Bai , Fengxi Hu , Zhen Zhang , Long Ma , Luzhang Ruan

Nest predation is a critical driver of avian reproductive success, yet its response to urbanization remains controversial. Using infrared camera traps to monitor 133 artificial nests and 32 natural nests of the Spotted Dove (Spilopelia chinensis) along an urbanization gradient in Nanchang and Shangrao, China, from 2021 to 2023, we examined spatiotemporal variation in predation pressure. We deconstructed predation pressure into risk (nest fate and survival time) and pattern (predation frequency, predator size, and predator–nest interaction duration). We found that higher urbanization and better nest concealment significantly reduced predation risk. The composition of the predator community did not change along the urbanization gradient, suggesting that the reduced nest predation risk in cities is likely driven by behavioral factors, such as the availability of alternative food or human shield effect, rather than by the filtering of predator species. In contrast, predation patterns were primarily moderated by season. The off-peak breeding season was characterized by more frequent but less severe predation events involving smaller predators and had shorter predator–nest interaction durations compared to the peak season. This seasonal shift opens a breeding window during the off-peak season, when lethal nest predation risk is reduced. The Spotted Dove's unique life-history traits enable it to capitalize on this opportunity by balancing environmental costs, enhancing its reproductive success and facilitating its colonization of urban environments.

巢捕食是鸟类繁殖成功的关键驱动力，但其对城市化的反应仍存在争议。利用红外摄像机对南昌和上饶地区沿城市化梯度分布的133个人工巢穴和32个天然巢穴进行了监测，分析了它们捕食压力的时空变化特征。我们将捕食压力分解为风险（巢穴命运和生存时间）和模式（捕食频率、捕食者大小和捕食者-巢穴相互作用持续时间）。我们发现，较高的城市化水平和较好的巢穴隐蔽性显著降低了捕食风险。捕食者群落的组成并没有随着城市化梯度的变化而变化，这表明城市巢穴捕食风险的降低可能是由行为因素驱动的，如替代食物的可获得性或人类盾牌效应，而不是由捕食者物种的过滤作用驱动的。相比之下，捕食模式主要由季节调节。非高峰繁殖季节的特点是捕食事件更频繁但不严重，涉及较小的捕食者，与高峰季节相比，捕食者-巢穴相互作用的持续时间更短。这种季节变化在非高峰季节打开了繁殖窗口，当致命的巢穴捕食风险降低时。斑鸠独特的生活史特征使它能够利用这一机会，平衡环境成本，提高其繁殖成功率，并促进其在城市环境中的殖民化。

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引用次数: 0

Phylogenomic insights into the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of penduline tits (Remiz spp.) 摆山雀（Remiz spp.）的分类和进化关系的系统基因组学研究

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100336

Hui Wang , Shenghan Gao , Jia Zheng , Yu Liu , Yang Wu , Mansour Aliabadian , Jan Komdeur , Tamás Székely , Zhengwang Zhang , De Chen

Penduline tits (genus Remiz) are small passerines distributed across Europe, Central and East Asia, and North Africa, renowned for their elaborate nests and unusually diverse mating systems. However, the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within this genus have remained contentious due to overlapping breeding distributions and extensive hybridization. Using broad-range geographic sampling and whole-genome sequencing, here we report the phylogenetic relationships within this genus. Our results from maximum likelihood trees, species trees, population structure, and PCA analyses consistently identify four distinct, well-supported monophyletic clades. Based on these robust results, we support dividing Remiz into four species: the Eurasian Penduline Tit (R. pendulinus), Black-headed Penduline Tit (R. macronyx), White-crowned Penduline Tit (R. coronatus), and Chinese Penduline Tit (R. consobrinus). Among these species, R. consobrinus diverged earlier from other species, followed by R. coronatus, and then, R. pendulinus and R. macronyx. R. pendulinus and R. macronyx showed shallow genetic differentiation with recent divergence (∼87,000 years ago) and ongoing gene flow. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of phylogenomic approaches in resolving taxonomic ambiguities and provide a robust evolutionary framework for tracing the diversification of life history traits, particularly nest structures and mating systems, across the genus.

钟摆山雀（Remiz属）是一种小型雀形目动物，分布在欧洲、中亚、东亚和北非，以其精致的巢穴和不同寻常的交配系统而闻名。然而，由于重叠的繁殖分布和广泛的杂交，该属的分类和进化关系仍然存在争议。通过广泛的地理采样和全基因组测序，我们报告了该属的系统发育关系。我们从最大似然树、物种树、种群结构和PCA分析中得出的结果一致地确定了四个不同的、有充分支持的单系进化枝。基于这些强有力的结果，我们支持将Remiz分为四个物种：欧亚山雀（R. pendulinus），黑头山雀（R. macronyx），白冠山雀（R. coronatus）和中国山雀（R. consobrinus）。在这些物种中，consobrinus与其他物种的分化时间较早，其次是coronatus，其次是pendulinus和macronyx。R. pendulinus和R. macronyx表现出较浅的遗传分化，最近的分化（约87000年前）和持续的基因流动。我们的研究结果证明了系统基因组学方法在解决分类歧义方面的有效性，并为追踪整个属的生活史特征的多样性提供了一个强大的进化框架，特别是巢结构和交配系统。

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引用次数: 0

CDA-Net: Cross dimensional attention network for wetland bird detection CDA-Net：用于湿地鸟类探测的跨维关注网络

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100334

Jia'nan Lv , Changchun Zhang , Jiangjian Xie , Junguo Zhang

Monitoring waterbirds is vital for evaluating the ecological health of wetlands, and object detection offers an automated solution for identifying birds in monitoring imagery. However, conventional detection methods often overlook the multi-scale nature of bird targets, limiting their ability to capture rich contextual information across different scales. To address this, we propose a cross-dimensional attention network (CDA-Net) for bird detection that integrates spatial and channel information to improve species recognition. The proposed CDA-Net partitions feature maps into multiple channel wise sub-features. Spatial and channel attention are applied to each sub-feature, and the resulting features are fused using the Hadamard product. The fused features are then forwarded to the detection head to generate the final detection results. This approach effectively captures and integrates information across spatial and channel dimensions. Experiments on our self-constructed Nanhai Wetland Waterbird Dataset and the public CUB-200-2011 dataset yield precision scores of 91.32% and 81.99%, respectively, outperforming existing methods. Our approach effectively handles scale variation in bird detection and provides a valuable tool for advancing automated wetland waterbird monitoring.

水鸟监测是评估湿地生态健康的重要手段，而目标检测为监测图像中的水鸟识别提供了一种自动化解决方案。然而，传统的检测方法往往忽略了鸟类目标的多尺度特性，限制了它们在不同尺度上捕获丰富的上下文信息的能力。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一个跨维度注意力网络（CDA-Net）用于鸟类探测，该网络集成了空间和通道信息，以提高物种识别。提出的CDA-Net将特征映射划分为多个通道的子特征。将空间和通道注意力应用于每个子特征，并使用Hadamard积融合得到的特征。然后将融合特征转发到检测头以生成最终检测结果。这种方法有效地捕获和集成了跨空间和通道维度的信息。在自建的南海湿地水鸟数据集和公开的CUB-200-2011数据集上进行实验，准确率分别达到91.32%和81.99%，优于现有方法。该方法有效地处理了鸟类探测的尺度变化，为推进湿地水鸟自动化监测提供了有价值的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Avian neuronal morphology reveals pallial adaptations in Pigeons (Columba livia) 鸟类神经元形态学揭示鸽子（Columba livia）的苍白适应性

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100332

Hongcheng Shan , Xilin Gu , Chunqiong Li , Yuchen Guo , Yi Wei , Li Zhang , Yongjie Wu

Avian cognitive abilities rival those of primates. These capacities have been linked to high pallial neuronal density and prefrontal cortex-like dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) circuitry. Although the DVR is now recognized as a pallial structure homologous to the mammalian cortex, its morphological basis remains unclear. Here, we combine Nissl staining, Golgi–Cox labeling, and 3D reconstruction to map neuronal morphology across five telencephalic regions in the Rock Pigeon (Columba livia). From 64 fully reconstructed neurons, we quantified dendritic field area, total dendritic length, branching architecture, and radial arbor organization. DVR neurons showed the largest dendritic fields and the highest branching complexity. Single-nucleus transcriptomic data further revealed that the Nidopallium Caudolaterale (NCL), the core DVR subregion, expresses a neuron-morphogenesis gene module whose activity correlates with dendritic field size. Together, these results identify a molecular and morphological signature of DVR neurons and highlight the computational significance of Nidopallium Caudolaterale. This work provides an integrated comparison of telencephalic neuronal morphology and gene expression in birds.

鸟类的认知能力堪比灵长类动物。这些能力与高的pallial神经元密度和前额皮质样背脑室脊（DVR）回路有关。虽然现在认为DVR是一种与哺乳动物皮层同源的苍白质结构，但其形态学基础仍不清楚。在这里，我们结合尼氏染色、高尔基-考克斯标记和3D重建来绘制岩鸽（Columba livia）五个端脑区域的神经元形态。从64个完全重建的神经元中，我们量化了树突场面积、总树突长度、分支结构和径向乔木组织。DVR神经元树突区最大，分支复杂性最高。单核转录组学数据进一步表明，DVR核心亚区Nidopallium Caudolaterale （NCL）表达了一个神经元形态发生基因模块，其活性与树突场大小相关。总之，这些结果确定了DVR神经元的分子和形态学特征，并突出了Nidopallium Caudolaterale的计算意义。这项工作提供了鸟类端脑神经元形态和基因表达的综合比较。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal variation in potential gosling development windows across Mongolian Plateau in relation to climate change 气候变化对蒙古高原潜在雏鹅发育窗口时空变化的影响

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100333

Junjian Zhang , Yong Zhang , Iderbat Damba , Nyambayar Batbayar , Zhenggang Xu , Lei Cao , Anthony David Fox

Climate change is altering vegetation phenology, differentially affecting food quality and availability for the gosling development (and therefore fitness) of migratory herbivores, especially those experiencing range contraction and fragmentation. By quantifying the climate-vegetation nexus for two waterbird species of contrasting conservation status, we assessed the differential implications of climate change in semi-arid landscapes for gosling development windows in different parts of their mid-latitude breeding ranges. We defined breeding ranges using telemetry data from 663 summering tracks of tagged Swan Geese (Anser cygnoides) and Greylag Geese (A. anser) breeding across the Mongolian Plateau. Within these areas, we systematically analyzed spatiotemporal variations in vegetation phenology based on MODIS NDVI datasets from 2000 to 2024 and their response to climate factors. Combining the above data, we demonstrated synchrony between goose breeding phenology and vegetation phenological indices: gosling hatching coincided with the start of growing season (SOS), autumn migration initiation with the end of growing season (EOS). We determined temporal and geographical variation in vegetation SOS, EOS and the length of growing season (LOS = EOS − SOS) as a proxy for gosling development windows across the Mongolian Plateau. Mean LOS was 107 ± 13 days, generally sufficient for gosling development (c. 113 days), but showed spatial heterogeneity, increasing in the west but shortening in the east of Mongolian Plateau. SOS was delayed with higher land surface temperature and lower precipitation/aridity in central/eastern Mongolian Plateau, but advanced in the west. Elevation of these three climatic factors delayed EOS across Mongolian Plateau. Climate warming and hydric stress may trigger synergistic SOS-delay and EOS-advance effects in the central and eastern Mongolian Plateau, increasing differential phenological mismatch risks to offspring fitness, thereby potentially affecting population growth rates and distributions.

气候变化正在改变植被物候，不同程度地影响迁徙食草动物的食物质量和雏鹅发育的可用性（从而影响适应性），特别是那些经历范围缩小和破碎化的食草动物。通过对两种不同保护状况的水鸟物种的气候-植被联系进行量化，我们评估了气候变化在半干旱景观中对雏鹅发育窗口的差异影响。利用蒙古高原上663条标记天鹅（Anser cygnoides）和灰雁（A. Anser）夏季轨迹的遥测数据，确定了它们的繁殖范围。基于MODIS NDVI数据，系统分析了2000 - 2024年植被物候的时空变化特征及其对气候因子的响应。综合以上数据，我们证明了鹅繁殖物候与植被物候指标的同步性：小鹅孵化与生长期开始（SOS）一致，秋季迁徙开始与生长期结束（EOS）一致。利用植被SOS、EOS和生长季节长度（LOS = EOS−SOS）作为蒙古高原小鹅发育窗口的时间和地理变化特征。平均生存期（LOS）为107±13 d，基本满足雏鹅发育（约113 d），但存在空间异质性，西部增加，东部缩短。蒙古高原中东部地表温度升高、降水/干旱度降低，SOS发生延迟，西部提前。这三种气候因子的海拔高度延迟了蒙古高原的EOS。气候变暖和水分胁迫可能在蒙古高原中东部地区引发sos -延迟和eos -提前协同效应，增加后代适合度的差异物候错配风险，从而可能影响种群的增长率和分布。

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引用次数: 0

Microgeographic variation in the songs of an endemic Hawaiian honeycreeper 夏威夷特有的蜜雀鸣叫的微地理变异

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100331

Paulo C. Ditzel , Esther Sebastián-González , Patrick J. Hart

Many bird species are known to differ in their vocal repertoires between populations across a range of geographic scales. This is generally assumed to be caused by acoustic drift and social learning of small differences in songs among individuals in separate populations. To determine the extent to which vocal repertoire is structured in a highly nomadic species with a low degree of isolation among populations, we characterized the vocalizations of the ‘Apapane (Himatione sanguinea) and described the variations in its songs on a microgeographic scale. ‘Apapane had significant shifts in their songs in both fragmented and non-fragmented forest habitats, with little to no overlap in song meme structure within distances as short as 2 km, despite birds moving freely between areas with distinct songs. Forest fragments had unique song compositions and shared more syllables with closer fragments than with the ones further apart. Furthermore, microgeographic variation was relatively stable at a given recording location even over multiple years. This pattern of song differentiation in a highly mobile species at the microgeographic scale may be a consequence of their ability to learn new vocalizations over their life and of intraspecific mimicry, or “vocal matching” by individuals visiting other populations.

我们知道，许多鸟类在不同地理范围内的种群之间，它们的声音会有所不同。这通常被认为是由声音漂移和社会学习造成的，在不同的种群中，个体之间的歌曲差异很小。为了确定一个高度游牧、种群间隔离程度较低的物种的声乐曲目结构的程度，我们对' Apapane （Himatione sanguinea）的发声特征进行了描述，并在微地理尺度上描述了其歌曲的变化。“在碎片化和非碎片化的森林栖息地中，Apapane的鸣声都发生了显著的变化，尽管鸟类在不同鸣声的区域之间自由移动，但在2公里的距离内，鸣声模因结构几乎没有重叠。”森林碎片具有独特的歌曲组成，距离较近的碎片比距离较远的碎片共享更多的音节。此外，在给定的记录位置，即使在多年内，微地理变异也相对稳定。在微地理尺度上高度流动的物种中，这种鸣声分化模式可能是它们一生中学习新发声的能力和种内模仿的结果，或者是个体访问其他种群时的“声音匹配”。

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引用次数: 0

Decadal banding efforts pay off: Assessing Chinese Crested Tern conservation through resighting data 十年来的绑带工作取得了成效：通过重新观测数据评估中国凤头燕鸥的保护

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100329

Siyu Wang , Peng Ding , Yiwei Lu , Xilai Zhou , Zhiwen Yan , Cheng Qian , Ke He , Zhongyong Fan

The critically endangered Chinese Crested Tern (Thalasseus bernsteini, CCT) and its common flocking companion, the Greater Crested Tern (Thalasseus bergii, GCT), have been the focus of targeted recovery efforts in the Jiushan Archipelago of Zhejiang Province, China since 2013. To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of these measures and address key knowledge gaps in population dynamics and migration ecology, we analyzed ten years (2015–2024) of banding and citizen science data, comprising 116 CCT and 3501 GCT resighting records. We estimated survival rates using both directly derived survival rate (based on resighting rate after two years) and Cormack-Jolly-Seber modeling, and examined migration connectivity and climate risks. Results showed robust juvenile survival: modeled survival for the tern chick population was lower in the first two years (63.9 ± 12.0%) but exceeded 78% thereafter. This was also supported by resighting rate after two years: CCT 77.27%, GCT 70.42%. A key divergence in post-breeding migration was identified: CCT moves northward to stopover sites such as Nantong, Rizhao, and Jiaozhou Bay, whereas GCT migrates southward. Climate data confirmed that northern stopover sites do not pose higher storm risks, indicating that CCT's northward migration is not a population liability. Furthermore, connectivity among breeding islands in Zhejiang and the Matsu Archipelago reveals a nascent coastal breeding network along China's coast. These findings underscore the importance of protecting both the northern migration route and the breeding island network to ensure full life-cycle conservation of CCT.

自2013年以来，极度濒危的中华凤头燕鸥（Thalasseus bernsteini， CCT）及其常见的同伴大凤头燕鸥（Thalasseus bergii， GCT）一直是中国浙江省九山群岛有针对性的恢复工作的重点。为了评估这些措施的长期有效性，并解决人口动态和迁移生态学方面的关键知识空白，我们分析了10年（2015-2024）的条带和公民科学数据，包括116个CCT和3501个GCT重新记录。我们使用直接导出的存活率（基于两年后的再定居率）和Cormack-Jolly-Seber模型来估计生存率，并检查了迁移连通性和气候风险。结果表明：燕鸥雏鸟的模型存活率在头2年较低（63.9±12.0%），但之后超过78%。两年后再投率也支持了这一点：CCT 77.27%, GCT 70.42%。在繁殖后的迁移中发现了一个关键的差异：CCT向北迁移到南通、日照和胶州湾等中转站，而GCT向南迁移。气候数据证实，北部中转站不会造成更高的风暴风险，这表明CCT向北迁移不是种群责任。此外，浙江和马祖群岛的繁殖岛屿之间的连通性表明，中国沿海地区正在形成一个新兴的沿海繁殖网络。这些发现强调了保护北部迁徙路线和繁殖岛网络的重要性，以确保CCT的全生命周期保护。

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引用次数: 0