Avian Research最新文献_第6页

Swan Project promotes citizen science initiative through a public bird migration tracking 天鹅计划通过公众鸟类迁徙追踪促进公民科学倡议

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100298

Tetsuo Shimada , Kan Konishi , Guozheng Li , Guodong Shi , Hiroyoshi Higuchi

引用次数: 0

Metagenomic insights into the geographic divergence and functional adaptation of gut microbiota in the endangered Scaly-sided Merganser (Mergus squamatus) 濒危秋沙鸭（Mergus squamatus）肠道微生物群地理分化和功能适应的宏基因组学研究

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100297

Riya Wu , Shengxian He , Chen Zhang , Keping Sun , Longru Jin , Haitao Wang

Investigating geographical variation and functional adaptation of gut microbiomes in endangered species is an emerging field in conservation biology. Here, we investigated the endangered waterbird, Scaly-sided Merganser (Mergus squamatus), that is endemic to East Asia. Using metagenomic sequencing, we characterized variations in gut microbiota composition and functional adaptation across Scaly-sided Merganser populations inhabiting the Fuer River, Manjiang River, and Lushui River basins in Northeast China. Furthermore, we investigated these variations at different developmental stages (adults and juveniles). Significant differences were observed in gut microbiota composition among the river populations, with the Fuer and Lushui groups exhibiting similar compositions that differed from the Manjiang group. However, no significant differences were found in the functional characteristics of gut microbiota among the three groups; these functions were primarily enriched in core pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and translation. This finding suggests functional redundancy, where key metabolic functions remain stable despite differentiation in microbial community composition. The adult Scaly-sided Merganser gut microbiota exhibited higher alpha diversity and showed significant enrichment in pathways related to detoxification metabolism, environmental adaptation, and energy conversion efficiency, suggesting the capacity to adapt to complex habitats. In contrast, the gut microbiota of juveniles was enriched in metabolic pathways related to the essential and conditionally essential amino acids methionine and cysteine, supporting the high protein synthesis demand during the rapid growth and developmental stage. This study highlights the structural plasticity and functional adaptability of the gut microbiota in the Scaly-sided Merganser, providing an empirical basis for the species’ conservation and habitat management from a gut microbiome perspective.

研究濒危物种肠道微生物群的地理变异和功能适应是保护生物学的一个新兴领域。本文以东亚特有的濒危水鸟——秋沙鸭为研究对象。利用宏基因组测序技术，研究了生活在中国东北富尔河、满江和庐水河流域的秋沙鸭种群肠道微生物群组成和功能适应的差异。此外，我们研究了这些变化在不同的发育阶段（成虫和幼虫）。河流种群间肠道菌群组成差异显著，富尔和庐水类群肠道菌群组成相似，与满江类群不同。然而，三组之间肠道微生物群的功能特征没有显著差异；这些功能主要富集在与碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢和翻译相关的核心途径中。这一发现表明功能冗余，尽管微生物群落组成存在差异，但关键代谢功能保持稳定。成年秋沙鸭肠道菌群表现出更高的α多样性，并且在解毒代谢、环境适应和能量转换效率相关的途径中表现出显著的富集，表明其具有适应复杂栖息地的能力。相反，幼鱼的肠道微生物群在必需氨基酸和条件必需氨基酸蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸相关的代谢途径中丰富，支持了快速生长发育阶段对蛋白质的高合成需求。本研究突出了秋沙鸭肠道菌群的结构可塑性和功能适应性，从肠道菌群的角度为秋沙鸭的物种保护和栖息地管理提供了经验依据。

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引用次数: 0

Importance of surrounding landscape features in explaining wintering waterbird diversity and community assembly in Jiangsu's inland lake wetlands 江苏内陆湖湿地周边景观特征对越冬水鸟多样性和群落聚集的重要性

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100295

Haoteng Zhang , Lijun Xiao , Zixi Zhao , Shenglai Yin , Yong Zhang

As one of the important wintering areas along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, wetlands in the Yangtze River floodplain face threats from land-use changes, yet its effects on wintering waterbirds at the landscape level remain understudied, impeding conservation practice. Here, using survey data collected across 14 inland lakes in Jiangsu Province in 2022, we calculated wintering waterbirds diversity (taxonomic, functional, phylogenetic) and assembly patterns (MPD/MNTD of functional and phylogenetic). Then, we interpreted satellite imagery of lake areas and buffer zones (5 km), and partitioned them into three land-use and landscape index categories (anthropogenic, ecological, and lake landscape). Finally, we employed multiple linear regression and hierarchical partitioning to explain the influence of landscape scales on wintering waterbird communities. Our results showed that the diversity and assembly of regional wintering waterbird communities tended to be consistent across taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic dimensions. The standardized diversity indices indicated that functional assembly of communities tends to be clustered at both local and regional scale. In contrast, the phylogenetic structure showed a predominantly overdispersed pattern in most lakes at the local scale, while neutral processes dominated at the regional scale. Modeling showed that selected variables explained waterbird diversity and assembly well. Lake fragmentation increased species evenness but reduced other diversity indices, while landscape evenness was negatively associated with functional and phylogenetic assembly. Among anthropogenic factors, aquaculture ponds and impervious surfaces reduced all diversity dimensions, whereas cropland connectivity enhanced phylogenetic diversity. These factors had consistent effects on community assembly. For ecological variables, grassland area enhanced functional and phylogenetic diversity but led to more clustered functional assembly. Overall, maintaining the integrity and connectivity of lakes and their surrounding landscapes is essential for sustaining waterbird diversity and guiding wetland restoration.

长江漫滩湿地是东亚-澳大拉斯候鸟重要的越冬区之一，面临着土地利用变化对水鸟越冬的威胁，但在景观层面对其影响的研究尚不充分，阻碍了保护实践。利用2022年江苏省14个内陆湖泊的调查数据，计算了越冬水鸟的多样性（分类、功能、系统发育）和组合模式（功能和系统发育的MPD/MNTD）。在此基础上，对湖区和5 km缓冲带的卫星影像进行了解译，并将其划分为3个土地利用和景观指数类别（人为、生态和湖泊景观）。最后，采用多元线性回归和分层划分方法分析了景观尺度对越冬水鸟群落的影响。结果表明，区域越冬水鸟群落的多样性和聚集性在分类、功能和系统发育维度上趋于一致。标准化多样性指数表明，群落的功能组合在地方和区域尺度上都趋向于聚集。系统发育结构在局部尺度上以过分散为主，在区域尺度上以中性过程为主。建模结果表明，选择的变量很好地解释了水鸟的多样性和聚集性。湖泊破碎化增加了物种均匀度，但降低了其他多样性指标，而景观均匀度与功能和系统发育组合呈负相关。在人为因素中，养殖池塘和不透水地表降低了所有多样性维度，而农田连通性提高了系统发育多样性。这些因素对社区聚集有一致的影响。在生态变量上，草地面积增加了功能多样性和系统发育多样性，但导致更多的聚类功能组合。总体而言，保持湖泊及其周边景观的完整性和连通性对于维持水鸟多样性和指导湿地恢复至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Escape behaviors of the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) across China: Northern populations are bolder than southern populations 欧亚树雀（Passer montanus）在中国的逃跑行为：北方种群比南方种群更大胆

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100296

Yidong Wei, Yuran Liu, Kangning Luo, Qiqi Liu, Fangfang Zhang, Weihui Xing, Caizhen Wen, Jinmei Liu, Wei Liang

Urbanization has significantly altered the habitat structure and behavioral patterns of animals. In urban environments with frequent human disturbances, animals may undergo adaptive adjustments in their escape behaviors. This study focuses on Eurasian Tree Sparrows (Passer montanus) from five cities across different latitudes in China, comparing their flight initiation distance (FID) in urban and rural areas to assess the impact of urbanization on their escape behavior and the trend of ecological homogenization. The results confirm the established pattern at the geographic level: a reduction of FID in urban habitats and a decrease in FID with increasing latitude. That is, northern populations of the Eurasian Tree Sparrow in China are bolder than the southern populations. In addition, FID is positively correlated with flock size, with rural flocks exhibiting more pronounced group behavior (observed flocking frequency for urban and rural is 28.74% vs. 40.7%, flock size variance is 26.90 vs. 55.63). Despite the differences between northern and southern latitudes, the variability of FID in urban individuals consistently remains lower than that in rural areas, supporting the trend of reduced variability in escape behavior among birds in urban environments. Driven by urbanization, the escape behavior of Eurasian Tree Sparrows tends toward ecological homogenization, meaning that behavioral differences between urban areas in different cities are diminishing. This trend may obscure the behavioral variability brought about by latitude gradients, indicating that urbanization not only shapes the behavioral adaptations of birds but also potentially weakens their behavioral diversity.

城市化极大地改变了动物的栖息地结构和行为模式。在人类干扰频繁的城市环境中，动物的逃跑行为可能会发生适应性调整。本文以中国5个不同纬度城市的欧亚树雀（Passer montanus）为研究对象，比较了它们在城市和农村地区的飞行起始距离（FID），以评估城市化对其逃离行为和生态同质化趋势的影响。结果证实了地理水平上的既定模式：城市生境的FID减少，随着纬度的增加FID减少。也就是说，在中国的欧亚树雀的北方种群比南方种群更大胆。此外，FID与羊群规模正相关，农村羊群表现出更明显的群体行为（观察到城市和农村的羊群聚集频率分别为28.74%和40.7%，羊群规模方差分别为26.90和55.63）。尽管南北纬度存在差异，但城市个体的FID变异性始终低于农村地区，这支持了城市环境中鸟类逃跑行为变异性降低的趋势。在城市化的驱动下，欧亚树雀的逃逸行为趋于生态同质化，即不同城市区域间的行为差异正在缩小。这一趋势可能掩盖了纬度梯度带来的行为变异性，表明城市化不仅塑造了鸟类的行为适应，而且潜在地削弱了它们的行为多样性。

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引用次数: 0

Species status and genetic isolation in the Subalpine Warbler complex: Insights from mitochondrial DNA analysis 亚高山林莺复合体的物种状态和遗传隔离：来自线粒体DNA分析的见解

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100294

Utku Perktaş , Andrew G. Gosler

This study investigates the genetic differentiation and gene flow within the Subalpine Warbler (Curruca cantillans) complex using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis. We focused on three primary populations based on phylogenetic findings and geographical distributions. Pop1: Includes C. c. albistriata (distributed in extreme northeast Italy (Trieste), southern Slovenia, and south along the north Adriatic coast to Albania, as well as east to southern Bulgaria, Greece, Crete, and western Turkey, with non-breeding grounds in the central and eastern Sahel from eastern Mali to northwest Sudan) and C. c. cantillans (occurring in Sicily, central and southern Italy, and locally in north-central Italy, with non-breeding grounds presumably in the western Sahel). Pop2: Represents C. iberiae, found in Spain and western France. Pop3: Comprises C. subalpina, distributed across the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, some Tuscan islands, and north and central Italy, with non-breeding grounds extending into the western Sahel, reaching northern Nigeria and Niger. Our genetic analysis indicates that all three populations have expanded recently but maintain unique genetic structures. Despite this recent expansion, the populations exhibit limited genetic diversity. Using AMOVA, we found that most genetic variation is between populations rather than within them, indicating significant genetic differentiation. This study uniquely combines population genetic data with advanced analyses to provide detailed insights into the genetic structure and connectivity of the Subalpine Warbler complex, highlighting the distinct genetic lineages within the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot.

本研究利用线粒体DNA （mtDNA）分析了亚高山林莺（Curruca cantillans）复合体的遗传分化和基因流动。根据系统发育发现和地理分布，我们重点研究了三个主要种群。Pop1：包括C. C. albistriata（分布在意大利东北部（的里雅斯特），斯洛文尼亚南部，沿亚得里亚海北部海岸向南至阿尔巴尼亚，以及东至保加利亚南部，希腊，克里特岛和土耳其西部，在马里东部到苏丹西北部的萨赫勒中部和东部有非繁殖地）和C. C. cantillans（出现在西西里岛，意大利中部和南部，以及意大利中北部的局部地区，可能在萨赫勒西部有非繁殖地）。Pop2：代表在西班牙和法国西部发现的伊比利亚c。Pop3：包括亚高山C.，分布在巴利阿里群岛、科西嘉岛、撒丁岛、一些托斯卡纳岛屿以及意大利北部和中部，非繁殖地延伸到萨赫勒西部，到达尼日利亚北部和尼日尔。我们的遗传分析表明，这三个种群最近都有扩张，但保持着独特的遗传结构。尽管最近有这种扩张，但种群表现出有限的遗传多样性。使用AMOVA，我们发现大多数遗传变异是在群体之间而不是群体内部，表明显著的遗传分化。这项研究将种群遗传数据与先进的分析相结合，提供了亚高山莺群遗传结构和连通性的详细见解，突出了地中海生物多样性热点地区独特的遗传谱系。

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引用次数: 0

Canalization of globins in the adaptive evolution of birds 鸟类适应性进化中珠蛋白的通道化

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100293

Xiaojia Zhu , Le Yang , Quanjian Tao , Xiran Wang , Ghulam Nabi , Fumin Lei , Xiaoping Yu , Dongming Li

The globin superfamily, central to oxygen (O₂) cascade dynamics, exemplifies how canalization—evolutionary stabilization of phenotypic traits—enables vertebrates to thrive in extreme environments. In birds, hemoglobins (Hbs) serve as a paradigm of this process, with structural and functional canalization underpinning their exceptional aerobic capacity and elevational diversification. Despite significant advances of globins in our understanding of avian aerobic adaptation, a comprehensive synthesis of functional diversity, molecular evolution, and structural innovation is essential to fully elucidate their canalized roles in O₂ homeostasis. Integrating perspectives on globin functional diversity and structural evolution, this review examines how chance (mutation/fixation biases) and contingency (historical genetic/epistatic constraints) shape Hb divergence and parallelism, thereby bridging molecular mechanisms with physiological adaptation in birds. We highlight how avian Hbs, canalized through compensatory substitutions and allosteric regulation, achieves a balance between evolutionary robustness and adaptive plasticity. However, critical gaps remain persist: the roles of understudied globins (e.g., neuroglobin, globin E) and the mechanisms of genetic assimilation in migratory taxa. We propose an integrative framework that incorporates ecological divergence (elevation, flight endurance), phylogenetic timescales, and systems biology to unravel how canalization directs adaptive compromise. By focusing on birds within the amniotes, this synthesis advances a cohesive model for vertebrate evolution, wherein canalized globins reconcile metabolic precision with ecological innovation. Ultimately, this review refines hypotheses of O₂ cascade evolution and calls for cross-disciplinary studies to decode the genetic and physiological architecture underlying adaptive canalization in extreme environments.

珠蛋白超家族是氧气级联动力学的核心，它举例说明了通道化——表型特征的进化稳定——如何使脊椎动物在极端环境中茁壮成长。在鸟类中，血红蛋白（Hbs）是这一过程的范例，其结构和功能的沟通支撑着它们卓越的有氧能力和海拔多样化。尽管珠蛋白在我们对鸟类有氧适应的理解方面取得了重大进展，但要充分阐明它们在氧气稳态中的作用，必须综合考虑功能多样性、分子进化和结构创新。结合珠蛋白功能多样性和结构进化的观点，本文探讨了偶然性（突变/固定偏差）和偶然性（历史遗传/上位性约束）如何塑造血红蛋白的分化和平行性，从而将分子机制与鸟类的生理适应联系起来。我们强调了鸟类Hbs是如何通过代偿替代和变构调节来实现进化稳健性和适应可塑性之间的平衡的。然而，关键的空白仍然存在：未充分研究的珠蛋白（例如，神经珠蛋白，珠蛋白E）的作用和迁移类群的遗传同化机制。我们提出了一个整合生态差异（海拔、飞行耐力）、系统发育时间尺度和系统生物学的综合框架，以揭示渠化如何指导适应性妥协。通过关注羊膜内的鸟类，这一综合提出了脊椎动物进化的内聚模型，其中，管道球蛋白调和代谢精度与生态创新。最后，这篇综述完善了氧级联进化的假设，并呼吁跨学科研究来解码极端环境下适应性管道的遗传和生理结构。

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引用次数: 0

A systematic review of avian response to urbanization in China: Research trends, current insights, and future directions 中国城市化对鸟类反应的系统回顾：研究趋势、当前见解和未来方向

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100292

Xingmin Chen, Yanping Wang

Urbanization is one of the most extreme forms of land-use alteration that is advancing across the world with unprecedented speed. As the largest developing country, China has developed a unique path through its high speed and large scale of urbanization, offering valuable research opportunities for avian ecology. However, a comprehensive review on how birds respond to urbanization in China is still lacking. Here, we systematically reviewed 274 studies published from 1962 to 2024 to determine the research trends, current insights, and future directions of avian response to urbanization in China. We synthesized research trends across four core avian response dimensions to urbanization—diversity, behavior, physiology, and life-history—and their applications in conservation strategy design. The number of publications in avian response to urbanization in China increased annually, and it is influenced by China's developing policies of urbanization. The results also showed an unbalanced geographical pattern of the publications, as the research preferences are relatively prevalent in the developed areas of eastern China. In contrast, there are insufficient studies in the emerging urbanizing areas in the western and northeastern China. Regarding the research contents, most existing studies are focusing on the patterns of bird diversity, while there are few studies on the underlying mechanisms, such as physiological adjustments and life-history strategies. In addition, passerines are the most frequent ones among the studied species. Integrating multidimensional urbanization indices and citizen science data are gradually becoming a new trend in recent years. Our study emphasizes that future studies should pay more attention to the response mechanism of birds in urbanizing processes, multidimensional and interdisciplinary studies, and the transformation of the research results into conservation practices.

城市化是土地利用变化的最极端形式之一，正以前所未有的速度在全球范围内推进。中国作为最大的发展中国家，其高速、大规模的城市化发展道路独具特色，为鸟类生态学的研究提供了宝贵的机遇。然而，关于中国鸟类如何应对城市化的全面综述仍然缺乏。在此，我们系统地回顾了1962年至2024年发表的274项研究，以确定中国鸟类对城市化反应的研究趋势、当前见解和未来方向。我们综合了鸟类对城市化的四个核心响应维度——多样性、行为、生理和生活史——及其在保护策略设计中的应用。鸟类对中国城市化反应的出版物数量逐年增加，这受到中国城市化发展政策的影响。研究结果还显示，中国东部发达地区的研究偏好相对普遍，论文发表的地理格局不平衡。相比之下，对西部和东北新兴城市化地区的研究则不足。就研究内容而言，现有的研究大多集中在鸟类多样性的模式上，而对其生理调节和生活史策略等潜在机制的研究较少。此外，雀形目是研究物种中最常见的一种。近年来，将多维城市化指数与市民科学数据相结合逐渐成为城市化研究的新趋势。未来的研究应关注鸟类在城市化进程中的响应机制，开展多维度、跨学科的研究，并将研究成果转化为保护实践。

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引用次数: 0

The product of head height and head width is a strong predictor of brain mass in birds 头部高度和头宽的乘积是鸟类脑质量的一个强有力的预测指标

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100291

Yuran Liu , Baisalbayeva Rakhima , Yidong Wei, Jinmei Liu, Wei Liang

Animal behavioral studies are often combined with research concerning cognitive abilities. Larger brains usually mean more complex neural networks and advanced cognitive functions. By measuring the brain size of different individual animals, we can explore differences in behavioral complexity between populations or species. However, obtaining accurate measurements of brain size is challenging both in field and laboratory environments, especially for rare and endangered species. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop reliable methods for performing cranial brain mass. This study tests which external structures of the avian head can most accurately predict brain size. We selected five bird species from four orders, categorized external head measures into three types of parameters (direct, calculated and composite measurements), and analyzed these in relation to brain mass. The results showed that while head size can partially explain brain mass, the parameters of head height × head width were the most accurate predictors of brain mass in birds (90.4%). In addition, the positive correlation between endocranial volume and brain mass once again confirmed that avian endocranial volume can, to a certain extent, serve as a valid proxy for brain mass. Our study demonstrates that in the future we can more conveniently perform non-invasive measurements to better understand the relationship between bird brain size and behavior, ecology, and evolution.

动物行为学研究经常与认知能力研究相结合。更大的大脑通常意味着更复杂的神经网络和更高级的认知功能。通过测量不同个体动物的大脑大小，我们可以探索不同种群或物种之间行为复杂性的差异。然而，无论是在野外还是在实验室环境中，获得准确的脑尺寸测量都是一项挑战，尤其是对稀有和濒危物种而言。因此，迫切需要开发可靠的方法来执行颅脑肿块。这项研究测试了鸟类头部的哪些外部结构可以最准确地预测大脑的大小。选取了4目5种鸟类，将外部头部测量分为3种参数（直接测量、计算测量和复合测量），并分析了它们与脑质量的关系。结果表明，虽然头部大小可以部分解释脑质量，但头高×头宽是预测鸟类脑质量最准确的参数（90.4%）。此外，脑内体积与脑质量的正相关再次证实了鸟类脑内体积在一定程度上可以作为脑质量的有效代表。我们的研究表明，在未来，我们可以更方便地进行非侵入性测量，以更好地了解鸟类大脑大小与行为、生态和进化之间的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Visual cues modulate nest defense behavior in Japanese Tits: Insights from the appearance, posture and size of snake dummies 视觉线索调节日本山雀的巢防御行为：从蛇假人的外观，姿势和大小的见解

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100290

Dake Yin , Jiangping Yu , Romain Lorrillière , Jiangping Jin , Mingju E , Longru Jin , Haitao Wang

Predator dummies are usually used to explore the impact of predator features on the anti-predator behavior of birds. Previous studies have shown that the morphology and behavior of aerial predators can signal different threat levels to birds. However, whether subtle changes in ground predator dummies cause changes in the nest defense behavior of parent birds is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether Japanese Tits (Parus minor) exhibit different nest defense behaviors in response to experimentally manipulated variations in the appearance, posture, and size of virtual snake proxies (common nest predators). During the incubation period, we observed the nest defense behaviors of the parent tits against taxidermized Siberian Ratsnakes (Elaphe schrenckii) with varied characteristics and rubber-made model snakes. The tits exhibited more intense responses to taxidermized large (body length about 120 cm) coiled ratsnakes than to large coiled model snakes. They exhibited weaker responses to taxidermized small (body length about 20 cm) coiled ratsnakes than to taxidermized small sinusoidal ratsnakes. In addition, they exhibited more intense responses to taxidermized large coiled ratsnakes than to taxidermized small coiled ratsnakes, and more intense responses to taxidermized small sinusoidal ratsnakes than to large model snakes. However, there was no difference in the response of tits to taxidermized small sinusoidal ratsnakes and taxidermized large coiled ratsnakes, or to taxidermized small coiled ratsnakes and model snakes. Thus, the presence of scales, a sinusoidal posture, and a large body size of snake dummies can induce more intense behavioral responses in Japanese Tits. We suggested that Japanese Tits can discriminate subtle differences in ground predator dummies of nests and exhibit different nest defense behaviors.

捕食者假人通常用于探索捕食者特征对鸟类反捕食者行为的影响。先前的研究表明，空中捕食者的形态和行为可以表明对鸟类的不同威胁程度。然而，地面捕食者假体的细微变化是否会导致亲本鸟类的巢保护行为发生变化尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们旨在调查日本山雀（Parus minor）是否表现出不同的巢穴防御行为，以响应实验操纵的虚拟蛇代理（常见的巢穴捕食者）的外观、姿势和大小的变化。在孵育期间，我们观察了亲本山雀对不同特征西伯利亚鼠蛇标本和橡胶模型蛇的护巢行为。山雀对大型蛇（体长约120 cm）标本的反应比对大型蛇模型的反应更强烈。它们对小的（体长约20厘米）卷状鼠蛇的反应弱于对小的蛇形鼠蛇的反应。此外，它们对大盘曲鼠蛇标本的反应比对小盘曲鼠蛇标本的反应更强烈，对小盘曲鼠蛇标本的反应比对大模型蛇标本的反应更强烈。然而，山雀对小正弦鼠蛇标本和大螺旋鼠蛇标本的反应没有差异，对小螺旋鼠蛇标本和模型蛇标本的反应也没有差异。因此，鳞片、正弦波姿势和体型较大的假蛇可以引起日本山雀更强烈的行为反应。我们认为，日本山雀可以区分地面捕食者假人的细微差异，并表现出不同的巢防御行为。

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引用次数: 0

Rapid male plumage evolution drives sexual dichromatism in Ficedula flycatchers 雄性羽毛的快速进化驱动了飞蛾的性别二色性

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY

Avian Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100288

Lijun Gao, Yueyao Wang, Zheng Li, Lu Dong

Sexual dichromatism represents a major form of phenotypic differentiation between the sexes in birds, and its evolution is likely shaped by the interplay between sexual and natural selection. The genus Ficedula, widely distributed across Eurasia, exhibits pronounced interspecific variation in both sexual dichromatism and migratory behavior, making it an ideal study system for investigating the evolutionary patterns and drivers of avian sexual dichromatism. In this study, we conducted a phylogenetic comparative analysis of plumage complexity and sexual dichromatism across 32 Ficedula species. We further explored how life-history traits influence the evolution of sexual dichromatism. Our results reveal a strong positive correlation between male plumage complexity and the degree of sexual dichromatism, with males evolving plumage complexity at significantly faster rates than females. Migratory species exhibit significantly higher levels of dichromatism. Furthermore, compared to monochromatic species, sexually dichromatic species are characterized by higher latitudinal occurrence, broader geographic distributions, and greater flight capacity. These findings demonstrated how sexual and natural selection jointly drive evolution of sexual dichromatism in Ficedula within phylogenetic constraints, advancing our understanding of the evolutionary drivers of avian sexual dichromatism.

性别二色性是鸟类两性表型分化的一种主要形式，其进化可能是由性选择和自然选择之间的相互作用形成的。Ficedula属广泛分布于欧亚大陆，在性别二色性和迁徙行为上表现出明显的种间差异，使其成为研究鸟类性别二色性进化模式和驱动因素的理想研究系统。在本研究中，我们对32个Ficedula物种的羽毛复杂性和性别二色性进行了系统发育比较分析。我们进一步探讨了生活史特征如何影响性别二色性的进化。我们的研究结果表明，雄性羽毛复杂性与性别二色性程度呈正相关，雄性羽毛复杂性的进化速度明显快于雌性。迁徙物种表现出明显更高水平的二色性。此外，与单色物种相比，两性二色物种具有更高的纬度分布、更广泛的地理分布和更大的飞行能力。这些发现表明，在系统发育约束下，性选择和自然选择共同推动了飞禽性别二色性的进化，促进了我们对鸟类性别二色性进化驱动因素的理解。

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