Monitoring waterbirds is vital for evaluating the ecological health of wetlands, and object detection offers an automated solution for identifying birds in monitoring imagery. However, conventional detection methods often overlook the multi-scale nature of bird targets, limiting their ability to capture rich contextual information across different scales. To address this, we propose a cross-dimensional attention network (CDA-Net) for bird detection that integrates spatial and channel information to improve species recognition. The proposed CDA-Net partitions feature maps into multiple channel wise sub-features. Spatial and channel attention are applied to each sub-feature, and the resulting features are fused using the Hadamard product. The fused features are then forwarded to the detection head to generate the final detection results. This approach effectively captures and integrates information across spatial and channel dimensions. Experiments on our self-constructed Nanhai Wetland Waterbird Dataset and the public CUB-200-2011 dataset yield precision scores of 91.32% and 81.99%, respectively, outperforming existing methods. Our approach effectively handles scale variation in bird detection and provides a valuable tool for advancing automated wetland waterbird monitoring.
{"title":"CDA-Net: Cross dimensional attention network for wetland bird detection","authors":"Jia'nan Lv , Changchun Zhang , Jiangjian Xie , Junguo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring waterbirds is vital for evaluating the ecological health of wetlands, and object detection offers an automated solution for identifying birds in monitoring imagery. However, conventional detection methods often overlook the multi-scale nature of bird targets, limiting their ability to capture rich contextual information across different scales. To address this, we propose a cross-dimensional attention network (CDA-Net) for bird detection that integrates spatial and channel information to improve species recognition. The proposed CDA-Net partitions feature maps into multiple channel wise sub-features. Spatial and channel attention are applied to each sub-feature, and the resulting features are fused using the Hadamard product. The fused features are then forwarded to the detection head to generate the final detection results. This approach effectively captures and integrates information across spatial and channel dimensions. Experiments on our self-constructed Nanhai Wetland Waterbird Dataset and the public CUB-200-2011 dataset yield precision scores of 91.32% and 81.99%, respectively, outperforming existing methods. Our approach effectively handles scale variation in bird detection and provides a valuable tool for advancing automated wetland waterbird monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100332
Hongcheng Shan , Xilin Gu , Chunqiong Li , Yuchen Guo , Yi Wei , Li Zhang , Yongjie Wu
Avian cognitive abilities rival those of primates. These capacities have been linked to high pallial neuronal density and prefrontal cortex-like dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) circuitry. Although the DVR is now recognized as a pallial structure homologous to the mammalian cortex, its morphological basis remains unclear. Here, we combine Nissl staining, Golgi–Cox labeling, and 3D reconstruction to map neuronal morphology across five telencephalic regions in the Rock Pigeon (Columba livia). From 64 fully reconstructed neurons, we quantified dendritic field area, total dendritic length, branching architecture, and radial arbor organization. DVR neurons showed the largest dendritic fields and the highest branching complexity. Single-nucleus transcriptomic data further revealed that the Nidopallium Caudolaterale (NCL), the core DVR subregion, expresses a neuron-morphogenesis gene module whose activity correlates with dendritic field size. Together, these results identify a molecular and morphological signature of DVR neurons and highlight the computational significance of Nidopallium Caudolaterale. This work provides an integrated comparison of telencephalic neuronal morphology and gene expression in birds.
{"title":"Avian neuronal morphology reveals pallial adaptations in Pigeons (Columba livia)","authors":"Hongcheng Shan , Xilin Gu , Chunqiong Li , Yuchen Guo , Yi Wei , Li Zhang , Yongjie Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avian cognitive abilities rival those of primates. These capacities have been linked to high pallial neuronal density and prefrontal cortex-like dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) circuitry. Although the DVR is now recognized as a pallial structure homologous to the mammalian cortex, its morphological basis remains unclear. Here, we combine Nissl staining, Golgi–Cox labeling, and 3D reconstruction to map neuronal morphology across five telencephalic regions in the Rock Pigeon (<em>Columba livia</em>). From 64 fully reconstructed neurons, we quantified dendritic field area, total dendritic length, branching architecture, and radial arbor organization. DVR neurons showed the largest dendritic fields and the highest branching complexity. Single-nucleus transcriptomic data further revealed that the Nidopallium Caudolaterale (NCL), the core DVR subregion, expresses a neuron-morphogenesis gene module whose activity correlates with dendritic field size. Together, these results identify a molecular and morphological signature of DVR neurons and highlight the computational significance of Nidopallium Caudolaterale. This work provides an integrated comparison of telencephalic neuronal morphology and gene expression in birds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100333
Junjian Zhang , Yong Zhang , Iderbat Damba , Nyambayar Batbayar , Zhenggang Xu , Lei Cao , Anthony David Fox
Climate change is altering vegetation phenology, differentially affecting food quality and availability for the gosling development (and therefore fitness) of migratory herbivores, especially those experiencing range contraction and fragmentation. By quantifying the climate-vegetation nexus for two waterbird species of contrasting conservation status, we assessed the differential implications of climate change in semi-arid landscapes for gosling development windows in different parts of their mid-latitude breeding ranges. We defined breeding ranges using telemetry data from 663 summering tracks of tagged Swan Geese (Anser cygnoides) and Greylag Geese (A. anser) breeding across the Mongolian Plateau. Within these areas, we systematically analyzed spatiotemporal variations in vegetation phenology based on MODIS NDVI datasets from 2000 to 2024 and their response to climate factors. Combining the above data, we demonstrated synchrony between goose breeding phenology and vegetation phenological indices: gosling hatching coincided with the start of growing season (SOS), autumn migration initiation with the end of growing season (EOS). We determined temporal and geographical variation in vegetation SOS, EOS and the length of growing season (LOS = EOS − SOS) as a proxy for gosling development windows across the Mongolian Plateau. Mean LOS was 107 ± 13 days, generally sufficient for gosling development (c. 113 days), but showed spatial heterogeneity, increasing in the west but shortening in the east of Mongolian Plateau. SOS was delayed with higher land surface temperature and lower precipitation/aridity in central/eastern Mongolian Plateau, but advanced in the west. Elevation of these three climatic factors delayed EOS across Mongolian Plateau. Climate warming and hydric stress may trigger synergistic SOS-delay and EOS-advance effects in the central and eastern Mongolian Plateau, increasing differential phenological mismatch risks to offspring fitness, thereby potentially affecting population growth rates and distributions.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal variation in potential gosling development windows across Mongolian Plateau in relation to climate change","authors":"Junjian Zhang , Yong Zhang , Iderbat Damba , Nyambayar Batbayar , Zhenggang Xu , Lei Cao , Anthony David Fox","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is altering vegetation phenology, differentially affecting food quality and availability for the gosling development (and therefore fitness) of migratory herbivores, especially those experiencing range contraction and fragmentation. By quantifying the climate-vegetation nexus for two waterbird species of contrasting conservation status, we assessed the differential implications of climate change in semi-arid landscapes for gosling development windows in different parts of their mid-latitude breeding ranges. We defined breeding ranges using telemetry data from 663 summering tracks of tagged Swan Geese (<em>Anser cygnoides</em>) and Greylag Geese (<em>A. anser</em>) breeding across the Mongolian Plateau. Within these areas, we systematically analyzed spatiotemporal variations in vegetation phenology based on MODIS NDVI datasets from 2000 to 2024 and their response to climate factors. Combining the above data, we demonstrated synchrony between goose breeding phenology and vegetation phenological indices: gosling hatching coincided with the start of growing season (SOS), autumn migration initiation with the end of growing season (EOS). We determined temporal and geographical variation in vegetation SOS, EOS and the length of growing season (LOS = EOS − SOS) as a proxy for gosling development windows across the Mongolian Plateau. Mean LOS was 107 ± 13 days, generally sufficient for gosling development (c. 113 days), but showed spatial heterogeneity, increasing in the west but shortening in the east of Mongolian Plateau. SOS was delayed with higher land surface temperature and lower precipitation/aridity in central/eastern Mongolian Plateau, but advanced in the west. Elevation of these three climatic factors delayed EOS across Mongolian Plateau. Climate warming and hydric stress may trigger synergistic SOS-delay and EOS-advance effects in the central and eastern Mongolian Plateau, increasing differential phenological mismatch risks to offspring fitness, thereby potentially affecting population growth rates and distributions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100331
Paulo C. Ditzel , Esther Sebastián-González , Patrick J. Hart
Many bird species are known to differ in their vocal repertoires between populations across a range of geographic scales. This is generally assumed to be caused by acoustic drift and social learning of small differences in songs among individuals in separate populations. To determine the extent to which vocal repertoire is structured in a highly nomadic species with a low degree of isolation among populations, we characterized the vocalizations of the ‘Apapane (Himatione sanguinea) and described the variations in its songs on a microgeographic scale. ‘Apapane had significant shifts in their songs in both fragmented and non-fragmented forest habitats, with little to no overlap in song meme structure within distances as short as 2 km, despite birds moving freely between areas with distinct songs. Forest fragments had unique song compositions and shared more syllables with closer fragments than with the ones further apart. Furthermore, microgeographic variation was relatively stable at a given recording location even over multiple years. This pattern of song differentiation in a highly mobile species at the microgeographic scale may be a consequence of their ability to learn new vocalizations over their life and of intraspecific mimicry, or “vocal matching” by individuals visiting other populations.
{"title":"Microgeographic variation in the songs of an endemic Hawaiian honeycreeper","authors":"Paulo C. Ditzel , Esther Sebastián-González , Patrick J. Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many bird species are known to differ in their vocal repertoires between populations across a range of geographic scales. This is generally assumed to be caused by acoustic drift and social learning of small differences in songs among individuals in separate populations. To determine the extent to which vocal repertoire is structured in a highly nomadic species with a low degree of isolation among populations, we characterized the vocalizations of the ‘Apapane (<em>Himatione sanguinea</em>) and described the variations in its songs on a microgeographic scale. ‘Apapane had significant shifts in their songs in both fragmented and non-fragmented forest habitats, with little to no overlap in song meme structure within distances as short as 2 km, despite birds moving freely between areas with distinct songs. Forest fragments had unique song compositions and shared more syllables with closer fragments than with the ones further apart. Furthermore, microgeographic variation was relatively stable at a given recording location even over multiple years. This pattern of song differentiation in a highly mobile species at the microgeographic scale may be a consequence of their ability to learn new vocalizations over their life and of intraspecific mimicry, or “vocal matching” by individuals visiting other populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100329
Siyu Wang , Peng Ding , Yiwei Lu , Xilai Zhou , Zhiwen Yan , Cheng Qian , Ke He , Zhongyong Fan
The critically endangered Chinese Crested Tern (Thalasseus bernsteini, CCT) and its common flocking companion, the Greater Crested Tern (Thalasseus bergii, GCT), have been the focus of targeted recovery efforts in the Jiushan Archipelago of Zhejiang Province, China since 2013. To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of these measures and address key knowledge gaps in population dynamics and migration ecology, we analyzed ten years (2015–2024) of banding and citizen science data, comprising 116 CCT and 3501 GCT resighting records. We estimated survival rates using both directly derived survival rate (based on resighting rate after two years) and Cormack-Jolly-Seber modeling, and examined migration connectivity and climate risks. Results showed robust juvenile survival: modeled survival for the tern chick population was lower in the first two years (63.9 ± 12.0%) but exceeded 78% thereafter. This was also supported by resighting rate after two years: CCT 77.27%, GCT 70.42%. A key divergence in post-breeding migration was identified: CCT moves northward to stopover sites such as Nantong, Rizhao, and Jiaozhou Bay, whereas GCT migrates southward. Climate data confirmed that northern stopover sites do not pose higher storm risks, indicating that CCT's northward migration is not a population liability. Furthermore, connectivity among breeding islands in Zhejiang and the Matsu Archipelago reveals a nascent coastal breeding network along China's coast. These findings underscore the importance of protecting both the northern migration route and the breeding island network to ensure full life-cycle conservation of CCT.
{"title":"Decadal banding efforts pay off: Assessing Chinese Crested Tern conservation through resighting data","authors":"Siyu Wang , Peng Ding , Yiwei Lu , Xilai Zhou , Zhiwen Yan , Cheng Qian , Ke He , Zhongyong Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The critically endangered Chinese Crested Tern (<em>Thalasseus bernsteini</em>, CCT) and its common flocking companion, the Greater Crested Tern (<em>Thalasseus bergii</em>, GCT), have been the focus of targeted recovery efforts in the Jiushan Archipelago of Zhejiang Province, China since 2013. To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of these measures and address key knowledge gaps in population dynamics and migration ecology, we analyzed ten years (2015–2024) of banding and citizen science data, comprising 116 CCT and 3501 GCT resighting records. We estimated survival rates using both directly derived survival rate (based on resighting rate after two years) and Cormack-Jolly-Seber modeling, and examined migration connectivity and climate risks. Results showed robust juvenile survival: modeled survival for the tern chick population was lower in the first two years (63.9 ± 12.0%) but exceeded 78% thereafter. This was also supported by resighting rate after two years: CCT 77.27%, GCT 70.42%. A key divergence in post-breeding migration was identified: CCT moves northward to stopover sites such as Nantong, Rizhao, and Jiaozhou Bay, whereas GCT migrates southward. Climate data confirmed that northern stopover sites do not pose higher storm risks, indicating that CCT's northward migration is not a population liability. Furthermore, connectivity among breeding islands in Zhejiang and the Matsu Archipelago reveals a nascent coastal breeding network along China's coast. These findings underscore the importance of protecting both the northern migration route and the breeding island network to ensure full life-cycle conservation of CCT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100330
Adewale G. Awoyemi , Jorge Garrido-Bautista , Yahkat Barshep , Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo
Haemosporidian parasites are widespread among birds globally, with impacts ranging from severe disease to negligible effects, particularly in host species that have coevolved with their parasites. Despite their ecological importance, the diversity and prevalence of these parasites in the Afrotropical region remain poorly understood, especially in urban environments. Our study investigated the prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites in Afrotropical avian hosts, focusing on differences between urban and non-urban habitats. We screened 95 birds from various species in Nigeria and investigated whether urbanization is associated with changes in the prevalence and richness of lineages of three haemosporidian parasites (Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Leucocytozoon). We found a haemosporidian prevalence of 36.8% with genus-specific differences between urban and non-urban habitats. The probability of Haemoproteus infection was higher in urban than non-urban habitats, but Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon did not differ between these habitats. Moreover, Haemoproteus lineages were exclusively found in urban habitats, while most Plasmodium lineages were restricted to non-urban habitats. Notably, we expanded the knowledge on diversity of haemosporidian lineages and avian hosts in the Afrotropics, with the first-ever record of hPYNJOC1 and pLUME2 lineages for the region, and the addition of new hosts for four Haemoproteus and two Plasmodium lineages. Our findings highlight the complexity of host-parasite relationships and the need for further research into the dynamics of haemosporidian parasites in Afrotropical avian hosts inhabiting diverse habitats. Overall, our study contributes to a better understanding of the prevalence, diversity, and distribution of haemosporidian parasites in the Afrotropics, emphasizing the importance of continued surveillance and monitoring to inform strategies for avian conservation and management.
{"title":"Diversity and prevalence of avian haemosporidians across Afrotropical urban and non-urban habitats","authors":"Adewale G. Awoyemi , Jorge Garrido-Bautista , Yahkat Barshep , Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Haemosporidian parasites are widespread among birds globally, with impacts ranging from severe disease to negligible effects, particularly in host species that have coevolved with their parasites. Despite their ecological importance, the diversity and prevalence of these parasites in the Afrotropical region remain poorly understood, especially in urban environments. Our study investigated the prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites in Afrotropical avian hosts, focusing on differences between urban and non-urban habitats. We screened 95 birds from various species in Nigeria and investigated whether urbanization is associated with changes in the prevalence and richness of lineages of three haemosporidian parasites (<em>Haemoproteus</em>, <em>Plasmodium</em>, and <em>Leucocytozoon</em>). We found a haemosporidian prevalence of 36.8% with genus-specific differences between urban and non-urban habitats. The probability of <em>Haemoproteus</em> infection was higher in urban than non-urban habitats, but <em>Plasmodium</em> and <em>Leucocytozoon</em> did not differ between these habitats. Moreover, <em>Haemoproteus</em> lineages were exclusively found in urban habitats, while most <em>Plasmodium</em> lineages were restricted to non-urban habitats. Notably, we expanded the knowledge on diversity of haemosporidian lineages and avian hosts in the Afrotropics, with the first-ever record of hPYNJOC1 and pLUME2 lineages for the region, and the addition of new hosts for four <em>Haemoproteus</em> and two <em>Plasmodium</em> lineages. Our findings highlight the complexity of host-parasite relationships and the need for further research into the dynamics of haemosporidian parasites in Afrotropical avian hosts inhabiting diverse habitats. Overall, our study contributes to a better understanding of the prevalence, diversity, and distribution of haemosporidian parasites in the Afrotropics, emphasizing the importance of continued surveillance and monitoring to inform strategies for avian conservation and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100328
Seung-Yeon Lee , Seung-woo Han , Eun-Hong Lim , Dae Han Cho , Young-Hun Jeong , Soon-Sik Kim , Jaeung Jang , Si-Wan Lee , Doo-Pyo Lee , Hong-Shik Oh
Shorebirds migrate long-distances along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway (EAAF), exhibiting distinct spatiotemporal fluctuations in population dynamics. Because of habitat degradation and population declines at key stopover sites along the EAAF, the South Korea's coastal wetlands have gained increasing attention for their ecological value. This study analyzed the shorebird population dynamics across 35 coastal wetlands in South Korea from 2016 to 2024 using data from the National Marine Ecosystem Monitoring Program. For the time-series analysis, we employed three indicators: seasonal changes in abundance, short-term fluctuations (Fi), and long-term trends, assessed using the TRends and Indices for Monitoring data (TRIM) model. Abundance, species richness, and Shannon diversity indices were assessed across the regions during spring and autumn. The TRIM results revealed significant population increases in both seasons (“Strong increase” in spring and “Moderate increase” in autumn). Species-level trends indicated notable increases in large-bodied shorebirds, including globally threatened species such as the Far Eastern Curlew (Numenius madagascariensis), Eurasian Curlew (N. arquata), and Eurasian Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), whereas other species showed variable responses. The Yellow Sea region (Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Western Jeolla) showed high biodiversity indices in spring, which may be associated with time-minimization strategies, whereas autumn patterns were characterized by more flexible and selective stopover use, possibly related to energy-minimization strategies. The East Coast and Jeju regions showed the lowest biodiversity indices. Furthermore, community-level analyses using Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and PERMANOVA revealed distinct clustering of bird assemblages by macro-region and season, confirming significant spatial differentiation in community composition. These findings contrast with the broader declining trends reported across the EAAF and suggest that South Korea's coastal wetlands may serve as stable alternative stopover habitats, potentially supporting the redistribution or recovery of some species. This study highlights the importance of transboundary cooperation and region-specific habitat management that reflects local ecological contexts for effective conservation.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of migratory shorebird populations in Korean coastal wetlands within the East Asian–Australasian Flyway","authors":"Seung-Yeon Lee , Seung-woo Han , Eun-Hong Lim , Dae Han Cho , Young-Hun Jeong , Soon-Sik Kim , Jaeung Jang , Si-Wan Lee , Doo-Pyo Lee , Hong-Shik Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shorebirds migrate long-distances along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway (EAAF), exhibiting distinct spatiotemporal fluctuations in population dynamics. Because of habitat degradation and population declines at key stopover sites along the EAAF, the South Korea's coastal wetlands have gained increasing attention for their ecological value. This study analyzed the shorebird population dynamics across 35 coastal wetlands in South Korea from 2016 to 2024 using data from the National Marine Ecosystem Monitoring Program. For the time-series analysis, we employed three indicators: seasonal changes in abundance, short-term fluctuations (<em>Fi</em>), and long-term trends, assessed using the TRends and Indices for Monitoring data (TRIM) model. Abundance, species richness, and Shannon diversity indices were assessed across the regions during spring and autumn. The TRIM results revealed significant population increases in both seasons (“Strong increase” in spring and “Moderate increase” in autumn). Species-level trends indicated notable increases in large-bodied shorebirds, including globally threatened species such as the Far Eastern Curlew (<em>Numenius madagascariensis</em>), Eurasian Curlew (<em>N. arquata</em>), and Eurasian Oystercatcher (<em>Haematopus ostralegus</em>), whereas other species showed variable responses. The Yellow Sea region (Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Western Jeolla) showed high biodiversity indices in spring, which may be associated with time-minimization strategies, whereas autumn patterns were characterized by more flexible and selective stopover use, possibly related to energy-minimization strategies. The East Coast and Jeju regions showed the lowest biodiversity indices. Furthermore, community-level analyses using Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and PERMANOVA revealed distinct clustering of bird assemblages by macro-region and season, confirming significant spatial differentiation in community composition. These findings contrast with the broader declining trends reported across the EAAF and suggest that South Korea's coastal wetlands may serve as stable alternative stopover habitats, potentially supporting the redistribution or recovery of some species. This study highlights the importance of transboundary cooperation and region-specific habitat management that reflects local ecological contexts for effective conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100327
Yangyang Cao , Zhiwen Huang , Wenxiang Hu , Yutao Zhang , Kun Zhang , Jiachun Zuo , Yan Zou , Wei Meng
Gynandromorphs, rare in vertebrates, exhibit distinct sex-determining gene expression on each side of the body despite sharing a uniform hormonal environment. This provides a unique opportunity to investigate the respective roles of genes and hormones in sex determination. We accidently obtained a gynandromorphic Zebra Finch with a male-female chimeric appearance but only with an ovary-like gonad. Its plasma estradiol was significantly higher than that of age-matched females, and its sexual partner preference was also feminine. Although it did not sing like males, its calls showed masculinization. In the brain on one side of the body with male plumage, the area of song motor nucleus, the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), and the excitatory synaptic transmission of RA projection neurons showed masculinization. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes related to cholinergic neuron function were significantly upregulated in the masculinized side of brain. Moreover, there were extensive and consistent expression differences of neuroactive substance receptor genes in both sides of body, indicating that cell-autonomous determination plays a key role in sex dimorphism of neuromodulation.
{"title":"Cell-autonomous determination of sex dimorphism in neuromodulation of a gynandromorphic Zebra Finch","authors":"Yangyang Cao , Zhiwen Huang , Wenxiang Hu , Yutao Zhang , Kun Zhang , Jiachun Zuo , Yan Zou , Wei Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gynandromorphs, rare in vertebrates, exhibit distinct sex-determining gene expression on each side of the body despite sharing a uniform hormonal environment. This provides a unique opportunity to investigate the respective roles of genes and hormones in sex determination. We accidently obtained a gynandromorphic Zebra Finch with a male-female chimeric appearance but only with an ovary-like gonad. Its plasma estradiol was significantly higher than that of age-matched females, and its sexual partner preference was also feminine. Although it did not sing like males, its calls showed masculinization. In the brain on one side of the body with male plumage, the area of song motor nucleus, the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), and the excitatory synaptic transmission of RA projection neurons showed masculinization. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes related to cholinergic neuron function were significantly upregulated in the masculinized side of brain. Moreover, there were extensive and consistent expression differences of neuroactive substance receptor genes in both sides of body, indicating that cell-autonomous determination plays a key role in sex dimorphism of neuromodulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100325
Kexin Chen , Kangjia Lv , Qi Xia , Hong Jin , Xingyu Huang , Ming Li , Chenyu Liu , Jinsong Liu
Photoperiod serves as an essential environmental cue that facilitates seasonal acclimatization and thermoregulation in birds. However, its effects on basal and substrate metabolism in Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata) remain unclear. To explore the influence of photoperiod on basal metabolism and substrate metabolism in Zebra Finches, basal metabolic rate (BMR), body mass, cellular metabolic activities, and substrate metabolism were investigated under different photoperiods. After one week of exposure to a short photoperiod, Zebra Finches exhibited a temporary decrease in BMR, gross energy intake, digestible energy intake, and digestibility, although body mass remained unchanged throughout the experiment. After four weeks of acclimation, no significant differences were observed among different groups in state 4 respiration, cytochrome c oxidase activity, citrate synthase activity, avian uncoupling protein expression, or circulating triiodothyronine and thyroxine hormone levels. In terms of substrate metabolism, short photoperiod-exposed finches showed increased pectoral muscle glycogen content and elevated serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels, accompanied by a decrease in body fat. No differences were detected in serum glucose levels or in the activity and mRNA levels of carnitine palmityl-transferase-1 and β-hydroxyacyl Co-A dehydrogenase. These findings suggest that changes in photoperiod may serve as signals for substrate metabolism remodeling, while having only transient effects on basal metabolism in Zebra Finches.
{"title":"Effects of photoperiod on basal metabolism and substrate metabolism in Zebra Finches","authors":"Kexin Chen , Kangjia Lv , Qi Xia , Hong Jin , Xingyu Huang , Ming Li , Chenyu Liu , Jinsong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoperiod serves as an essential environmental cue that facilitates seasonal acclimatization and thermoregulation in birds. However, its effects on basal and substrate metabolism in Zebra Finches (<em>Taeniopygia guttata</em>) remain unclear. To explore the influence of photoperiod on basal metabolism and substrate metabolism in Zebra Finches, basal metabolic rate (BMR), body mass, cellular metabolic activities, and substrate metabolism were investigated under different photoperiods. After one week of exposure to a short photoperiod, Zebra Finches exhibited a temporary decrease in BMR, gross energy intake, digestible energy intake, and digestibility, although body mass remained unchanged throughout the experiment. After four weeks of acclimation, no significant differences were observed among different groups in state 4 respiration, cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase activity, citrate synthase activity, avian uncoupling protein expression, or circulating triiodothyronine and thyroxine hormone levels. In terms of substrate metabolism, short photoperiod-exposed finches showed increased pectoral muscle glycogen content and elevated serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels, accompanied by a decrease in body fat. No differences were detected in serum glucose levels or in the activity and mRNA levels of carnitine palmityl-transferase-1 and <em>β</em>-hydroxyacyl Co-A dehydrogenase. These findings suggest that changes in photoperiod may serve as signals for substrate metabolism remodeling, while having only transient effects on basal metabolism in Zebra Finches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100326
Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz
{"title":"Photographs on social media and analysis of bird hunting in Poland","authors":"Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号