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Management of Mastocytosis and Mast Cell Activation in Children 儿童肥大细胞增多症和肥大细胞活化的处理。
IF 6.6 1区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2025.11.016
Melody C. Carter MD , Magdalena Lange MD, PhD , Ivan Alvarez-Twose MD, PhD , Joanna Renke MD , Cristina Morales-Cabeza MD , Horacio Caligaris MD , Karin Hartmann MD
Mastocytosis is characterized by mast cell infiltration in various tissues and organs. More than half of the patients are children. Pediatric mastocytosis has several features that differentiate the disease from adult mastocytosis. Importantly, the disease, which usually starts in the first months of life or at birth, often shows a transient course with spontaneous resolution in adolescence. In most children, mastocytosis is limited to skin. Cutaneous involvement can present as maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis, mostly with the polymorphic variant, cutaneous mastocytoma, or diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis. When children present with monomorphic maculopapular skin lesions, the variant typically seen in adults, this may indicate rare persistent disease until adulthood, often associated with systemic mastocytosis. Many pediatric patients suffer from symptoms of mast cell activation, ranging from pruritus to flushing and blistering. Children with cutaneous mastocytosis typically exhibit mutations in various regions of the KIT gene, whereas those with systemic disease predominantly carry KIT D816V. Diagnosis is mainly based on noninvasive measures, including skin inspection, elicitation of the Darier's sign, and analyses of the serum tryptase and KIT variant in blood. Treatment options encompass avoidance of triggers of mast cell activation, H1 and H2 antihistamines, cromolyn, and omalizumab. In children with systemic mastocytosis, tyrosine kinase inhibitors tailored to the specific KIT variant may be considered.
肥大细胞增生症的特点是肥大细胞浸润于各种组织和器官。一半以上的病人是儿童。小儿肥大细胞增多症有几个特征可以区别于成人肥大细胞增多症。重要的是,这种疾病通常开始于生命的头几个月或出生时,通常表现为短暂的过程,在青春期自然消退。在大多数儿童中,肥大细胞增多症仅限于皮肤。皮肤受累可表现为斑疹样皮肤肥大细胞增多症,多为多形性变异、皮肤肥大细胞瘤或弥漫性皮肤肥大细胞增多症。当儿童出现单纯性黄斑丘疹皮肤病变时,这种变体通常在成人中看到,这可能表明罕见的持续疾病直到成年,通常与全身肥大细胞增多症有关。许多儿科患者患有肥大细胞活化的症状,从瘙痒到潮红和起泡。患有皮肤肥大细胞增多症的儿童通常在KIT基因的各个区域表现出突变,而患有全身性疾病的儿童主要携带KIT D816V。诊断主要基于非侵入性措施,包括皮肤检查,Darier征象的提取以及血液中血清胰蛋白酶和KIT变异的分析。治疗方案包括避免触发肥大细胞活化,H1和H2抗组胺药,色莫利和omalizumab。在患有全身性肥大细胞增多症的儿童中,可以考虑针对特定KIT变体的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
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引用次数: 0
Reappraising self-harm risk linked to leukotriene receptor antagonists and inhaled corticosteroids 重新评估与白三烯受体拮抗剂和吸入皮质类固醇相关的自我伤害风险
IF 6.6 1区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2025.11.003
Tang Li MD, Tao Yu MD
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引用次数: 0
Detecting Small Airways Dysfunction in Asthma: Rationale, Findings, and Future of ATLANTIS 检测哮喘小气道功能障碍:ATLANTIS的原理、发现和未来。
IF 6.6 1区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2025.08.013
Salman Siddiqui MBBS, PhD , Christopher Brightling FMedSci , Dave Singh MD , Janwillem Kocks MD, PhD , Leonardo M. Fabbri MD , Alberto Papi MD , Klaus F. Rabe MD, PhD , Marielle van der Deijl MSc , Maarten van den Berge MD, PhD , Monica Kraft MD
Small airway dysfunction (SAD) is both common and clinically relevant in patients with asthma. However, there is no recognized "gold standard" approach for the identification of SAD in clinical practice. The ATLANTIS (AssessmenT of smalL Airways involvemeNT In aSthma) study was a prospective (1-year follow-up), multicenter, international observational study that aimed to identify the best, or best combination of biomarkers, physiological tests, and imaging markers for the determination of the presence of SAD, and to evaluate the contribution of SAD across all asthma severities to meaningful clinical asthma outcomes. A large number of analyses from the ATLANTIS study have been conducted or are planned. This narrative review summarizes the key findings to date and the future directions. Perhaps the most important finding so far is that a "toolbox" of spirometry, oscillometry, and a small airways dysfunction questionnaire can detect SAD with high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.96 and positive likelihood ratio 12.8). Further, collaboration with other consortia has demonstrated the use of oscillometry to identify asthma phenotypes. We advocate the adoption of the ATLANTIS toolbox into interventional studies in asthma—and if validated, this could form a useful part of research and daily clinical practice.
小气道功能障碍(SAD)在哮喘患者中既常见又具有临床相关性。然而,在临床实践中没有公认的“金标准”方法来识别SAD。ATLANTIS(哮喘小气道介入评估)研究是一项前瞻性(1年随访)、多中心、国际观察性研究,旨在确定生物标志物、生理测试和成像标志物的最佳或最佳组合,以确定SAD的存在,并评估所有哮喘严重程度的SAD对有意义的临床哮喘结局的贡献。亚特兰蒂斯研究的大量分析已经进行或正在计划中。这篇叙述性综述总结了迄今为止的主要发现和未来的方向。也许到目前为止最重要的发现是肺活量测定法、振荡测定法和小型气道功能障碍问卷的“工具箱”可以高精度地检测出SAD(受试者工作特征曲线下面积0.96,阳性似然比12.8)。此外,与其他协会的合作已经证明了使用振荡测定法来识别哮喘表型。我们提倡在哮喘的介入研究中采用ATLANTIS工具箱,如果得到验证,这将成为研究和日常临床实践的有用部分。
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引用次数: 0
The relationship between Australian food anaphylaxis admission rates and updated allergy prevention guidelines: 2022 update 澳大利亚食物过敏入院率与最新过敏预防指南之间的关系:2022年更新。
IF 6.6 1区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2025.09.032
Raymond J. Mullins MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCPA , Rachel L. Peters MPH, PhD , Mimi L.K. Tang MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCPA
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引用次数: 0
Unlocking Asthma Control: Integrating Obesity Management Through Artificial Intelligence–Driven Insight 解锁哮喘控制:通过人工智能驱动的洞察力整合肥胖管理
IF 6.6 1区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2025.10.049
Shamsa Naveed MBBS, MRCP (London), PhD
Obesity is one of the most prevalent comorbidities in adults with asthma and is consistently associated with greater symptom burden, reduced response to inhaled corticosteroids, and increased health care use. Despite this, structured obesity management remains an uncommon feature of routine asthma care. The study by Olayiwola et al,1 “Management of patients with comorbid asthma and obesity: a large language model evaluation of clinical documentation,” offers a timely and thought-provoking lens on this persistent gap between evidence and practice.
肥胖是成人哮喘患者中最普遍的合并症之一,并且一直与更大的症状负担、吸入皮质类固醇反应降低和医疗保健使用增加相关。尽管如此,结构化的肥胖管理仍然是常规哮喘护理的一个不常见的特征。Olayiwola等人的研究,1“哮喘和肥胖症患者的管理:临床文献的大型语言模型评估”,为证据和实践之间持续存在的差距提供了及时和发人深省的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking High-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy in Asthma: When More Is Not Better 重新思考吸入大剂量皮质类固醇治疗哮喘:当更多不是更好
IF 6.6 1区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2025.11.019
James G. Krings MD, MSc , Hannu Kankaanranta MD, PhD
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引用次数: 0
Reply to “Some observations on systematic review of Phelan et al” 回复“关于Phelan等人系统综述的一些观察”
IF 6.6 1区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2025.11.021
Aisling K. Phelan RD, MSc , Sonsoles Infante MD, PhD , Simona Barni MD , Ulugbek Nurmatov MD, MSc, MPH, MBA, PhD , Robert J. Boyle MD, PhD , Marta Vazquez-Ortiz MD, PhD
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引用次数: 0
Leukocytosis, Monocytosis, and Eosinophilia in Systemic Mastocytosis: Analysis of Phenotype, Genetics and Prognosis in 596 Patients From the GREM Registry 系统性肥大细胞增多症中的白细胞增多症、单核细胞增多症和嗜酸性粒细胞增多症:来自GREM登记的596例患者的表型、遗传学和预后分析。
IF 6.6 1区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2025.09.018
Johannes Lübke MD , Nicole Naumann PhD , Vito Dangelo MD , Alice Fabarius PhD , Georgia Metzgeroth MD , Hans-Peter Horny MD , Karl Sotlar MD , Wolf-Karsten Hofmann MD , Martina Rudelius MD , Juliana Schwaab MD , Andreas Reiter MD

Background

Leukocytosis, monocytosis, and eosinophilia (L/M/E) are recurrent findings in systemic mastocytosis (SM).

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of L/M/E in SM and assess their association with clinical phenotype, mutational profile, and overall survival (OS) in advanced SM (AdvSM).

Methods

Within the German Registry on Disorders of Eosinophilia and Mast Cells, 596 patients with SM (91% KIT D816V positive; 270 AdvSM, 326 non-AdvSM) were analyzed for L/M/E.

Results

In comparison with non-AdvSM, patients with AdvSM had significantly higher leukocyte (median 9.4 vs 6.9 × 109/L), monocyte (median 0.7 vs 0.5 × 109/L), and eosinophil counts (median 0.3 vs 0.1 × 109/L; all P < .001), with the highest counts (leukocytes: 10.2 × 109/L, monocytes: 0.9 × 109/L, and eosinophils: 0.3 × 109/L; all P < .001) being observed in SM with associated hematologic neoplasm (SM-AHN). High counts of L/M/E correlated with an increased number of additional somatic mutations (P = .012, P < .001, and P = .020), with monocytosis being specially associated with mutations in ASXL1 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-5.8), SRSF2 (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2-4.0), and TET2 (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2-4.0). In AdvSM, optimal OS cutoff values based on maximally selected rank statistics were ≥16.8 × 109/L for leukocytosis (median OS: 1.6 vs 4.7 years, P < .001), ≥1.1 × 109/L for monocytosis (2.9 vs 4.8 years, P < .001), and ≥1.5 × 109/L for eosinophilia (1.7 vs 5.0 years, P < .001). Monocytosis and/or eosinophilia defined a 3-tiered risk model (median OS: 1.60 vs 3.04 vs 6.94 years, P < .001).

Conclusions

Elevated counts of L/M/E are indicative of AdvSM and within AdvSM associated with additional somatic mutations, a subtype of SM-AHN and poor prognosis.
背景:白细胞增多症、单核细胞增多症和嗜酸性粒细胞增多症(L/M/E)是系统性肥大细胞增多症(SM)的反复表现。目的:探讨L/M/E在SM中的患病率,并评估其与晚期SM (AdvSM)临床表型、突变谱和总生存期(OS)的关系。方法:在德国嗜酸性粒细胞增多和肥大细胞疾病登记处(GREM)中,对596例SM患者(91%的KIT D816V阳性;270例AdvSM, 326例非AdvSM)进行L/M/E分析。结果:与非AdvSM相比,AdvSM患者的白细胞(中位数为9.4 vs. 6.9×109/L)、单核细胞(中位数为0.7 vs. 0.5×109/L)和嗜酸性粒细胞计数(中位数为0.3 vs. 0.1×109/L;所有P9/L,单核细胞:0.9×109/L,嗜酸性粒细胞:0.3×109/L;白细胞增多症的P9/L(中位OS: 1.6 vs. 4.7年,单核细胞增多症的P9/L (2.9 vs. 4.8年),嗜酸性粒细胞增多症的P9/L (1.7 vs. 5.0年)。结论:L/M/E计数升高表明AdvSM和AdvSM内与额外的体细胞突变、SM-AHN亚型和不良预后相关。
{"title":"Leukocytosis, Monocytosis, and Eosinophilia in Systemic Mastocytosis: Analysis of Phenotype, Genetics and Prognosis in 596 Patients From the GREM Registry","authors":"Johannes Lübke MD ,&nbsp;Nicole Naumann PhD ,&nbsp;Vito Dangelo MD ,&nbsp;Alice Fabarius PhD ,&nbsp;Georgia Metzgeroth MD ,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Horny MD ,&nbsp;Karl Sotlar MD ,&nbsp;Wolf-Karsten Hofmann MD ,&nbsp;Martina Rudelius MD ,&nbsp;Juliana Schwaab MD ,&nbsp;Andreas Reiter MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaip.2025.09.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaip.2025.09.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Leukocytosis, monocytosis, and eosinophilia (L/M/E) are recurrent findings in systemic mastocytosis (SM).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the prevalence of L/M/E in SM and assess their association with clinical phenotype, mutational profile, and overall survival (OS) in advanced SM (AdvSM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Within the German Registry on Disorders of Eosinophilia and Mast Cells, 596 patients with SM (91% <em>KIT</em> D816V positive; 270 AdvSM, 326 non-AdvSM) were analyzed for L/M/E.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In comparison with non-AdvSM, patients with AdvSM had significantly higher leukocyte (median 9.4 vs 6.9 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L), monocyte (median 0.7 vs 0.5 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L), and eosinophil counts (median 0.3 vs 0.1 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L; all <em>P</em> &lt; .001), with the highest counts (leukocytes: 10.2 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L, monocytes: 0.9 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L, and eosinophils: 0.3 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L; all <em>P</em> &lt; .001) being observed in SM with associated hematologic neoplasm (SM-AHN). High counts of L/M/E correlated with an increased number of additional somatic mutations (<em>P</em> = .012, <em>P</em> &lt; .001, and <em>P</em> = .020), with monocytosis being specially associated with mutations in <em>ASXL1</em> (odds ratio [OR]: 2.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-5.8), <em>SRSF2</em> (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2-4.0), and <em>TET2</em> (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2-4.0). In AdvSM, optimal OS cutoff values based on maximally selected rank statistics were ≥16.8 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L for leukocytosis (median OS: 1.6 vs 4.7 years, <em>P</em> &lt; .001), ≥1.1 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L for monocytosis (2.9 vs 4.8 years, <em>P</em> &lt; .001), and ≥1.5 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L for eosinophilia (1.7 vs 5.0 years, <em>P</em> &lt; .001). Monocytosis and/or eosinophilia defined a 3-tiered risk model (median OS: 1.60 vs 3.04 vs 6.94 years, <em>P</em> &lt; .001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Elevated counts of L/M/E are indicative of AdvSM and within AdvSM associated with additional somatic mutations, a subtype of SM-AHN and poor prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 103-113.e9"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Seed allergy evaluation and outcomes in a pediatric food challenge center 儿童食物挑战中心的种子过敏评估和结果。
IF 6.6 1区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2025.10.009
Timothy M. Buckey MD, MBE , Alexandra Navard-Keck MD , Jasmyn Atalla MD , Layla Samandi MD , Gita Ram MD , Jonathan M. Spergel MD, PhD , Katie L. Kennedy MD
{"title":"Seed allergy evaluation and outcomes in a pediatric food challenge center","authors":"Timothy M. Buckey MD, MBE ,&nbsp;Alexandra Navard-Keck MD ,&nbsp;Jasmyn Atalla MD ,&nbsp;Layla Samandi MD ,&nbsp;Gita Ram MD ,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Spergel MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Katie L. Kennedy MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaip.2025.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaip.2025.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 297-299"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145369199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Treatable Traits of Hymenoptera Venom–Induced Anaphylaxis: A Real-Life–Based Study 膜翅目毒液引起的过敏反应的可治疗特征:一项基于现实生活的研究。
IF 6.6 1区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2025.10.045
Audrey Kamga MD , Jean Luc Bourrain MD , Pascal Demoly MD, PhD , Luciana Kase Tanno MD, PhD

Background

“Treatable traits” (TT) have been proposed as a new paradigm for asthma but never applied to anaphylaxis. Hymenoptera venom–induced anaphylaxis (HVA) is one of the leading causes of anaphylaxis worldwide.

Objective

Our aim was to propose TT for HVA based on evidence-based data.

Methods

This is a historic-prospective study based on the Hymenoptera venom–induced allergy and hypersensitivity database fed regularly by allergists at the Montpellier University hospital. Patients were classified as having “mild anaphylaxis” (MA), “moderate-severe anaphylaxis” (MSA), or “nonanaphylaxis” (NA), following Ring and Messmer Severity Score, and characteristics have been evaluated for each group. The potential risk factors have been classified as modifiable/controllable (MCRF) and nonmodifiable (NRF), and TT have been proposed from a preventive perspective.

Results

Of overall 602 patients, 54.2% were men, with a mean age of 42.3 years. A total of 218 patients (36.2%) developed MA, 159 (26.4%) MSA, and 213 (35.4%) NA. Age and atopic and cardiovascular diseases were identified as significant NRF. Symptoms appeared within 5 minutes (P < .01) and less than 1 hour in MSA. Skin tests and in vitro ves v5 (P < .0355) were significant and sensitive tools for the diagnosis. Occupational exposure (30%), along with the use of adrenaline, and venom immunotherapy were considered MCRF.

Conclusions

Our results brought the evidence to TT through HVA data and tailored adapted preventive strategies to all severity degrees of HVA. This article based on real-life data is a wake-up call for actions. Step forward implementation of actions among specialists and the general population should be put in place to reduce the morbimortality induced by HVA.
背景:“可治疗特征”(TT)已被提出作为哮喘的新范式,但从未应用于过敏反应。膜翅目毒液引起的过敏反应(HVA)是世界范围内过敏反应的主要原因之一。目的:我们的目的是基于循证数据提出TT治疗HVA。方法:基于蒙彼利埃大学医院过敏症专家定期提供的膜翅目蛇毒致过敏和超敏反应数据库(VAHD)进行历史前瞻性研究。根据Ring和Messmer严重程度评分,将患者分为“轻度过敏反应”(MA)、“中重度过敏反应”(MSA)或“非过敏反应”(NA),并对每组患者的特征进行评估。潜在的危险因素被分为可改变/可控(MCRF)和不可改变(NRF),并从预防的角度提出了可治疗的特征。结果:602例患者中,男性占54.2%,平均年龄42.3岁,其中MA 218例(36.2%),MSA 159例(26.4%),NA 213例(35.4%)。年龄、特应性疾病和心血管疾病被认为是显著的NRF。结论:我们的研究结果通过HVA数据为TT提供了证据,并针对所有严重程度的HVA量身定制了适合的预防策略。这份基于真实数据的手稿为我们的行动敲响了警钟。应在专家和一般人群中采取进一步行动,以减少由HVA引起的发病率和死亡率。
{"title":"Treatable Traits of Hymenoptera Venom–Induced Anaphylaxis: A Real-Life–Based Study","authors":"Audrey Kamga MD ,&nbsp;Jean Luc Bourrain MD ,&nbsp;Pascal Demoly MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Luciana Kase Tanno MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaip.2025.10.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaip.2025.10.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>“Treatable traits” (TT) have been proposed as a new paradigm for asthma but never applied to anaphylaxis. Hymenoptera venom–induced anaphylaxis (HVA) is one of the leading causes of anaphylaxis worldwide.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our aim was to propose TT for HVA based on evidence-based data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a historic-prospective study based on the Hymenoptera venom–induced allergy and hypersensitivity database fed regularly by allergists at the Montpellier University hospital. Patients were classified as having “mild anaphylaxis” (MA), “moderate-severe anaphylaxis” (MSA), or “nonanaphylaxis” (NA), following Ring and Messmer Severity Score, and characteristics have been evaluated for each group. The potential risk factors have been classified as modifiable/controllable (MCRF) and nonmodifiable (NRF), and TT have been proposed from a preventive perspective.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of overall 602 patients, 54.2% were men, with a mean age of 42.3 years. A total of 218 patients (36.2%) developed MA, 159 (26.4%) MSA, and 213 (35.4%) NA. Age and atopic and cardiovascular diseases were identified as significant NRF. Symptoms appeared within 5 minutes (<em>P</em> &lt; .01) and less than 1 hour in MSA. Skin tests and <em>in vitro</em> ves v5 (<em>P</em> &lt; .0355) were significant and sensitive tools for the diagnosis. Occupational exposure (30%), along with the use of adrenaline, and venom immunotherapy were considered MCRF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results brought the evidence to TT through HVA data and tailored adapted preventive strategies to all severity degrees of HVA. This article based on real-life data is a wake-up call for actions. Step forward implementation of actions among specialists and the general population should be put in place to reduce the morbimortality induced by HVA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 260-273"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice
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