Journal of Forensic Nursing最新文献

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships of health literacy (HL; Short Test of Functional Health Literacy), cognitive impairment (CI), and diabetes knowledge (DK) among incarcerated persons transitioning to the community.

Methods: Using preintervention data from a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group study evaluating the feasibility of a six-session literacy-tailored Diabetes Survival Skills intervention for incarcerated men transitioning to the community, we conducted correlational analyses among the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy in Diabetes Scale using the SPSS PROCESS macro and bias-corrected bootstrapping to test the meditational hypothesis: HL mediates the relationship between CI and DK.

Results: Participants ( N = 73) were incarcerated for 1-30 years with a mean age of 47 (9.9) years, 40% Black, 19% White, and 30% Hispanic, with 78% having high school/GED or less education. Most (70%) screened positive for CI and had low DK, and 20% had marginal or inadequate HL. HL, CI, and DK were positively associated with each other. Controlling for race, age, and group (control/experimental), cognitive function had a significant direct effect on HL ( b = 0.866, p = 0.0003) but not on DK ( b = 0.119, p = 0.076). Results indicated a significant indirect effect of cognitive functioning on DK via HL, 95% confidence interval [0.300, 0.1882].

Conclusion: Intervention approaches aimed at increasing HL or tailored to low HL in the presence of CI may be effective in increasing DK in this population.

Implications: Given the low risk to high benefit of implementing literacy-tailored approaches to persons in prison and the population demographics from studies supporting a high degree of CI, nurses should consider implementing literacy-tailored approaches and screening for CI before participation in all educational programs.

Abstract: This is a case presentation of an 18-year-old male victim who experienced a drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA). The drug used to incapacitate him was tetrahydrozoline (Visine) given rectally. Tetrahydrozoline, intended for ophthalmic administration, is in the class of drugs known as imidazoline receptor agonists and has been used as an agent for DFSA since the 1940s. DFSA is increasing, particularly among young men. Care of victims of DFSA is discussed with particular attention to mental health sequelae in this patient population.

Abstract: The STEERR Mentoring Framework, grounded in decolonized and feminist mentorship approaches, integrates foundational principles of mentoring with the unique and complex characteristics of the role of the forensic nurse. The primary objective of the program is to support a competent, sustainable, and resilient forensic nursing workforce. In this article, we describe the development process, framework structure, and evaluation approach implemented within a 1-year pilot initiative focused on forensic nurses in the sexual assault nurse examiner role. We reflect on strategies for broader application and replication in forensic nursing programs across the United States.

Introduction: The overall goal of this study was to provide further information about the characteristics of commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) victims by comparing the characteristics of a known victim pool to high-risk patients identified. The specific objectives of this study were to describe patient demographic characteristics, pediatric healthcare use, familial psychosocial characteristics, and child sexual abuse case characteristics present in youth identified as high risk for CSEC victimization compared with a sample of known victims.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients presenting to the emergency department or Child Advocacy Center for a concern of sexual abuse/assault at a midwestern U.S. academic pediatric medical center. Adolescents aged 12-21 years were included in the study.

Results: In the current study, multiple CSEC risk factors were noted to increase odds for CSEC victimization: homelessness or life on the streets, runaway behavior, living with mother only, placement in a juvenile detention center, placement in a residential treatment center or group home, and number of living arrangements (four or greater). Multiple elements of high-risk sexual behavior increased odds of CSEC victimization: legally age-inappropriate sex, gonorrhea diagnosis, trichomonas diagnosis, other sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnoses, number of STIs, and chlamydia diagnosis.

Discussion: These findings suggest that age of sexual partners and number and types of STIs are associated with CSEC and should be validated in other groups. In addition, these data suggest that use of cocaine and opiates could serve as an important, yet underrecognized, risk factor.

Abstract: Patient participation is central in modern health care. However, it is a complex phenomenon that lacks a clear definition, and what constitutes participation varies depending on the context and theoretical perspective. It is known that patient participation in forensic psychiatric care is often rated as low by both patients and professionals, and it can be assumed that interventions to increase it are beneficial. In this process, management and staff could benefit from assessing perceived patient participation, and reliable and valid measurement instruments are essential. The aim of this study was to develop an instrument that could be used to measure experiences of participation in forensic psychiatric care from a patient perspective and test it for content validity. A definition of patient participation in forensic psychiatric care was formulated and operationalized in an instrument that an expert group, consisting of patients with ongoing care, evaluated for content validity. In total, 50 items were sorted into five different dimensions: to have good communication, to be involved, to have mutual trust, to trust the care, and to take responsibility. After psychometric testing, the instrument has the potential to become a tool to use in research, clinical work, and development work in the field of forensic psychiatric care. In addition to being used as a measure, the Patient Participation in Forensic Psychiatric Care can also be used to encourage a dialogue about their care and to make both patients and staff more aware of patient participation.

Background: Safety is of paramount importance to patients and staff in forensic mental health hospitals. Previous research has focused on organizational and nurses' perceptions of safety and violence in psychiatric wards. However, little is known about how patients view their safety. This study aimed to describe how patient debriefing can improve safety.

Methods: Qualitative research using thematic analysis was used. Data were collected by semistructured interviews and debriefing forms. Inpatient interviews ( n = 45) were conducted between June and July 2018, with debriefing forms ( n = 376) collected retrospectively.

Results: Forensic inpatient responses were divided into two main categories: psychological and physical security. Psychological safety included care culture and patient-related themes. Responses on care culture highlighted weaknesses in nurse-patient communication, whereas patient-related themes related to respondents' descriptions of the challenges posed by mental illness. Physical safety related to both the environment and patient-related themes, with various restrictions and environmental distractions seen by respondents as negatively affecting patient safety.

Conclusions: Patients who participated in the study felt that care culture, especially communication with nurses, most significantly impacted their safety. Forensic hospitals should consider patients' perceptions of their care while systematically gathering information through debriefing, as these practices can contribute to the development of a safer care environment. The next step will be clarifying how changes in nursing practices and the care environment can be used to prevent violence in psychiatric wards.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to give voice to the lived experiences of nurses and law enforcement officers (LEOs) who interact with one another in acute hospital settings and to interpret and understand their unique perspectives and experiences.

Methods: This qualitative study employed interpretative phenomenological analysis in the interviews of registered nurses and LEOs. The analysis and discussion was underpinned by biopolitical theories of power and control, including Georgio Agamben, Michel Foucault, and Erving Goffman.

Results: There is a paucity of literature on nurse and law enforcement interactions in the hospital setting. Nurses and law enforcement exerted power and authority through several means. Overwhelmingly, participants described a contentious dynamic between nurses and LEOs in the hospital, wrought with argument, stress, and a feeling of coming from "different worlds."

Conclusion: The results provide alarming examples of deformed caring practices and assert the necessity for continued unearthing and discussion of how nurses can, and should, navigate law enforcement interaction. The tangible interference of care is of particular importance and consideration for nurses. Inequity in care and unfavorable outcomes for already marginalized and vulnerable populations are of grave concern. Additional research is needed on the specific ways this struggle for power between institutions and their political actors impairs caring practices and the emotional and psychological sequelae of these interactions.

Abstract: Canine-assisted interventions are a promising approach to help address substance use and mental health issues in prisons. However, canine-assisted interventions in prisons have not been well explored in relation to experiential learning (EL) theory, despite canine-assisted interventions and EL aligning in many ways. In this article, we discuss a canine-assisted learning and wellness program guided by EL for prisoners with substance use issues in Western Canada. Letters written by participants to the dogs at the conclusion of the program suggest that such programming can help shift relational dynamics and the prison learning environment, benefit prisoners' thinking patterns and perspectives, and help prisoners generalize and apply key learnings to recovery from addiction and mental health challenges. Implications are discussed in relation to clinicians' practices, prisoners' health and wellness, and prison programming.

Abstract: Globally, it is estimated that more than one billion children experience corporal punishment in the home despite the fact that the use of corporal punishment is associated with a variety of negative consequences for children. The International Association of Forensic Nurses opposes the use of corporal punishment and encourages screening and education on its effects in health and school settings.