Journal of Aging and Health最新文献

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the mediating role of lifestyle activities in the association between social deprivation and cognition. Methods: To investigate, we analysed data of 3867 respondents (Mean Age: 73.37, SD: 5.57) in the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS) using growth curve and path analysis, adjusted for demographic and health covariates. Results: Being in the high (vs. moderate) Social Deprivation Index group was associated with lower cognition scores (β = -2.63, [95 % CI: -2.90, -2.36]). Conversely, higher (vs. lower) Lifestyle Index scores were associated with higher cognition scores (β = 1.17, [95 % CI: 0.72, 1.63]). In mediation analysis, the Lifestyle Index score explained 27 % of the association of So Dep Index group on cognition at the final follow-up. Discussion: While lifestyle activities did mediate the association between social deprivation and cognition, factors not investigated accounted for the majority of the variation. These may include systemic disadvantages.

ObjectivesThis study compared the United States and China in examining the predictors of community-based residential relocation and its associated mortality risk.MethodsData from the 2010 to 2018 US Health and Retirement Study and from 2011 to 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were used (N_US = 20,292 and N_China = 11,694). Community-dwelling respondents (aged 50+) reported whether they had relocated and were followed up until 2018. Log-binomial regression and Cox survival analysis were used.ResultsIn both countries, younger age, higher education, urban residence, and being a renter were associated with higher likelihood of relocation. Community-based relocation was associated with a lower mortality risk (US: HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.57, 0.70; China: HR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.31, 0.50), and this association was significantly stronger in China compared to the United States.DiscussionCommon predictors of community-based relocation were found in the United States and China. The relocation-related survival advantages may be attributed to a better post-move adaptation and living environment.

Background and Objectives: With an aging population and growing economic hardship for many older adults, post-retirement work is increasingly common but often challenging due to complex, intersecting factors. This scoping review aims to identify key barriers and facilitators to post-retirement work. Methods: We searched APA PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed studies (2000-2025) on post-retirement work among adults aged 50-80. Eligible studies underwent two rounds of screening and risk of bias assessment. Results: Fifty-two studies were included in this scoping review. Four key themes emerged: (1) social factors, (2) health-related factors, (3) workplace factors, and (4) financial factors. Barriers and facilitators included health status, discrimination, job conditions, financial stability, policy support, social networks, and personal fulfillment. Discussion: Post-retirement work is shaped by diverse factors with important policy implications. Future research should examine underrepresented groups and regional differences.

Objectives: Physical activity (PA) is positively associated with cognitive health. However, the extent to which this relationship varies across different demographic and health status subgroups remains unclear. Methods: This study involves 2,547 US individuals aged ≥60 from the NHANES cycle to examine the associations between device-based PA levels (average daily PA and Peak-30 in the Monitor Independent Movement Summary unit and performance-based cognitive function (memory, executive function, processing speed, and sustained attention) in different subgroups. Results: Both daily PA and higher-intensity PA (Peak-30) showed overlapping positive associations with cognitive function in older adults. However, the strength of these associations varies across subgroups of older adults who share similar demographic and health profiles. Conclusion: These findings could inform the tailoring of PA interventions to meet the specific needs of different older adult subgroups to optimize cognitive benefits and potentially reduce the risk of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases.

ObjectivesWe examined associations of social engagement and interpersonal connectedness with cognitive function, distress, and mental and physical health in middle-aged and older American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults.MethodsData from 552 AI/ANs aged 55+ in the Rocky Mountain region (2019-2023). Social engagement and interpersonal connectedness were assessed using validated scales. Outcomes included cognitive impairment (adapted AD8), distress (K6 scale), and self-reported mental and physical health. Poisson regression models examined associations.ResultsGreater social engagement was significantly associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment, lower odds of suboptimal mental, and physical health among AI/AN females, while greater interpersonal connectedness was significantly associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment and reduced odds of the other outcomes among AI/AN males. Associations were stronger in urban than rural areas.DiscussionCulturally tailored interventions that promote social connectedness may enhance well-being in this underserved population. Further research on sex and residence differences is warranted.

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the psychometric properties of the relatively new Everyday Ageism Scale. Methods: Data were from the 2021-2023 Experiences of Aging in Society project (N = 237, ages 50+, multiracial/multiethnic, 72.6% female). We assessed the multidimensional structure, reliability, and validity of the Everyday Ageism Scale. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis generally substantiated the three-factor structure of the Everyday Ageism Scale: exposure to ageist messages, ageism in interpersonal interactions, and internalized ageism. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were satisfactory for the full scale and two of the three subscales. The scale demonstrated acceptable validity for convergence within measure, convergence criterion with three other scales used to measure ageism, and prediction of concurrent health (number of chronic physical health conditions, mental health condition). Discussion: Findings establish the Everyday Ageism Scale as a valid and reliable, multidimensional scale, while recommending ongoing attention to messages subscale limitations.

Background: The Multiracial population is the fastest-growing racial group in the United States but remains underrepresented in cognitive aging research. No national estimates exist for subjective cognitive decline (SCD)-a self-reported indicator of worsening memory associated with dementia risk-among older Multiracial adults. Methods: We used 2019-2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from states that administered the optional cognitive decline module (n = 599,874 adults aged ≥45). We estimated crude and age/sex-adjusted SCD prevalence by race and Hispanic ethnicity using survey-weighted logistic regression with predictive marginal standardization. Results: Adjusted SCD prevalence was highest among American Indian or Alaska Native (16.3%) and Multiracial (16.0%) adults, twice that of Asian adults (7.9%). Among Multiracial adults, state-level adjusted prevalence showed low variation (IQR: 18.5%-19.2%). Conclusions: These are the first national estimates of SCD for the Multiracial population, highlighting the need for inclusion in cognitive aging and dementia research.

This study examined the association between perceived sleep quality and mental and cognitive health among older Korean Americans residing in subsidized senior housing. Survey data from 318 participants (Mean age = 79.5, SD = 6.66) were analyzed. Sleep quality was measured using a single-item self-rating (excellent/very good/good vs. fair/poor). Both screening tools and self-ratings were used for outcomes: mental health with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and self-rated mental health and cognitive health with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and self-rated cognitive health. Logistic regression models showed that poor sleep quality was associated with both probable depression (PHQ-9≥ 10) and fair/poor ratings of mental health. It was also associated with poorer ratings of cognitive health but not with MMSE-based cognitive impairment. Our findings suggest that efforts to promote health and well-being in senior housing should specifically address sleep.

ObjectivesThis study examines how education has shaped gender disparities in cognitive function across birth cohorts in China, where gender equality in education has substantially improved.MethodUsing longitudinal data from individuals aged 55+ in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997-2015), we first applied within-between random effects models to assess whether gender disparities in cognitive function at the sample's mean age of 65.5 varied across birth cohorts. We then conducted a moderated mediation analysis to examine whether education mediated the cohort-cognition association differently by gender, thereby narrowing gender disparities in cognitive function across cohorts.ResultsIncreases in education years across cohorts were greater among women, and education years had a stronger positive association with cognitive function in women, contributing to reduced gender disparities in younger cohorts.DiscussionFindings underscore education's role in narrowing gender disparities in cognitive function. Future research should explore why men benefited less cognitively from education.

Purpose: Contrast sensitivity (CS), the ability to see objects against their background, is an important component of visual function. The effect of contrast sensitivity impairment (CSI) on physical functioning (PF) is not well documented. Methods: This study obtained data from the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study. Baseline CS was measured, and self-reported PF, activities of daily living (ADLs), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) were assessed biennially. Results: The sample included 263 individuals with a mean (SD) age: 82.1(5.3). Participants with severe CSI had PF limitation scores 1.05 points higher (95% CI: 0.07, 2.04) than those without CSI. Odds of ADL/IADL limitations were 4.45 times (95% CI: 2.00, 9.92) and 74% (95% CI: 1.24, 2.45) higher for those with severe CSI and moderate CSI. Older adults with severe CSI had 2.79 times (95% CI: 1.21, 6.43) higher hazard of incident ADL/IADL limitations. Conclusions: CSI is associated with PF and ADL/IADL limitations.