Journal of Phonetics最新文献_第5页

What are you sinking about? Experience with unfamiliar accent produces both inhibition and facilitation during lexical processing 你在沉沦什么？不熟悉口音的经历在词汇加工过程中产生抑制和促进作用

IF 1.9 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Phonetics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101401

Yevgeniy Vasilyevich Melguy , Keith Johnson

Speech produced with an unfamiliar accent may pose a challenge for listeners, resulting in delayed processing and/or decreased intelligibility. Such costs may be due to a mismatch between listeners’ experience with how a given sound category is phonetically realized, and how it is implemented by an unfamiliar speaker. Phonetic mismatches can increase processing time, but listeners could avoid them by adjusting their expectations for a given speaker or speech variety. This study investigates how changes in phonetic category structure may facilitate (or inhibit) processing of novel words produced with either the same or a phonetically similar accent, asking whether such adaptation is driven by a targeted shift or expansion of phonetic category boundaries. An artificial accent was created by morphing voiceless fricatives /θ/ and /s/ to create phonetically ambiguous [θ/s], which was presented in disambiguating /θ/ word frames (e.g., hypo[θ/s]etical). To examine the effect of phonetic learning on word processing, listeners were divided into three groups and asked to complete an exposure task where they heard either (1) accented critical /θ/ words, (2) natural (unaccented) /θ/ words, or (3) no /θ/ words. All listeners then completed a cross-modal priming task where, across two experiments, they were tested on their processing of words produced with the same artificial accent or three related accents differing in their phonetic match to the training accent. Overall, results show that while there was no effect of prior exposure on processing of novel words produced with the exposure accent, listeners with prior accent exposure showed a distinct pattern of facilitation and inhibition when processing words produced with the novel accents, compared to listeners with no prior accent exposure. Interestingly, listeners with prior exposure to unaccented /θ/ words tended to pattern with the accented /θ/ exposure group, rather than with controls. The role of acoustic/perceptual similarity and prior experience are discussed, along with implications of these results for a category expansion mechanism of phonetic learning.

All data, stimuli, and code for this study are freely available on OSF via https://osf.io/xw5k3/.

用不熟悉的口音说话可能会给听者带来挑战，导致处理延迟和/或可理解性降低。这种成本可能是由于听者对给定声音类别的语音实现方式的经验与不熟悉的说话者如何实现它之间的不匹配。语音不匹配会增加处理时间，但听众可以通过调整对特定说话者或语音种类的预期来避免这种情况。本研究探讨了语音范畴结构的变化如何促进（或抑制）对具有相同或语音相似口音的新词的加工，并询问这种适应是否由语音范畴边界的有针对性的转移或扩展所驱动。人工重音是通过将不发音的摩擦音/θ/和/s/变形来产生语音上的歧义[θ/s]，这在消歧义/θ/词框架中呈现（例如，hypo[θ/s]etical）。为了研究语音学习对文字处理的影响，听者被分成三组，并被要求完成一项暴露任务，他们在任务中听到(1)重音关键/θ/单词，(2)自然（无重音）/θ/单词，或(3)无/θ/单词。然后，所有听众都完成了一个跨模态启动任务，在两个实验中，测试他们对用相同的人工口音或三种与训练口音语音匹配不同的相关口音产生的单词的处理能力。总体而言，研究结果表明，虽然先前的口音暴露对新单词的加工没有影响，但与没有先前口音暴露的听者相比，有先前口音暴露的听者在加工新单词时表现出明显的促进和抑制模式。有趣的是，先前听过非重读/θ/单词的听者倾向于模仿重读/θ/单词组，而不是对照组。讨论了声学/知觉相似性和先验经验的作用，以及这些结果对语音学习类别扩展机制的影响。本研究的所有数据、刺激和代码都可以通过https://osf.io/xw5k3/在OSF上免费获得。

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引用次数: 0

Dipping and Falling as competing strategies for maintaining the distinctiveness of the low tone in the four-tone system of Kaifeng Mandarin 开封普通话四声调体系中保持低声调独特性的两种竞争策略

IF 1.9 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Phonetics

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101391

Lei Wang , Marco van de Ven , Carlos Gussenhoven

Kaifeng Mandarin has four tones (LH, HL, H, L), among which the citation pronunciation of L is an f0 fall (the ‘Falling variant’) for some speakers and a falling-rising f0 contour (the ‘Dipping variant’) for others. Seeking to comprehend the rationale behind this idiosyncratic variation, we decided to investigate the distinctiveness of each variant of L with each of the three other tones, LH, HL and H. Accordingly, we constructed six ten-step f0 continua, using two naturally spoken syllables [ma] spoken by a male and a female speaker as source files. In a two-alternative forced choice task, the Falling and Dipping variants turned out to be equally distinctive. Specifically, the results revealed distinct categorizations between the Dipping variant and HL as well as between the Falling variant and LH. However, when the Dipping variant needed to be distinguished from LH and the Falling variant from HL, recognition accuracy dropped significantly, favoring the complex tone. The two L-variants were equally discriminable from H. This overall functional similarity of the two variants goes some way towards understanding their coexistence within the same speech community. Because communicative intentions played no role in the experiment, it remains to be seen if the distribution across speakers will remain stable in production experiments that vary communicative duress, as created by the need to discriminate between the L-tone and each of the two complex tones.

开封普通话有四个声调（LH， HL， H， L），其中L的引证发音有些人是降调（“降调”），有些人是降调-升调（“降调”）。为了理解这种特殊变化背后的基本原理，我们决定研究L的每个变体与其他三个音调LH， HL和h中的每一个的独特性。因此，我们构建了六个十步连续体，使用由男性和女性说话的两个自然口语音节[ma]作为源文件。在一项两种选择的强制选择任务中，“下落”和“浸入”的变体结果同样不同。具体地说，结果显示了明显的倾斜变异和HL之间的分类，以及下降变异和LH之间的分类。然而，当需要区分LH和HL的Falling变体时，识别准确率明显下降，倾向于复杂音调。这两个l变体与h变体的区别是一样的。这两个变体在功能上的总体相似性，在某种程度上有助于理解它们在同一语言群体中的共存。因为交际意图在实验中没有发挥作用，所以在不同交际胁迫的生产实验中，说话者之间的分布是否会保持稳定还有待观察，因为需要区分l音和两个复杂音调中的每一个。

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引用次数: 0

Towards a dynamical account of inter-segmental coordination 对段间协调的动态解释

IF 1.9 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Phonetics

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101392

Shihao Du, Stephan R. Kuberski, Adamantios I. Gafos

We offer an intrinsic timing account of durations widely used to characterize inter-segmental coarticulation or coproduction patterns cross-linguistically. In this account, measured durations are the result of dynamical properties of the coarticulated segments. Our account is developed on the basis of timing data, registered using Electromagnetic articulography (EMA), from stop-lateral clusters in three languages. In C1C2 stop-lateral consonant clusters from these languages, we show that the extent of the consonants’ coproduction (‘overlap’) is controlled by a synergy between the dynamical parameters of C1 opening and C2 closing stiffness, the two movements most relevant in the C1-to-C2 transition. The specific form of the overlap-stiffness relation is one where extent of coproduction is a linear function of the (reciprocal of the) mean of the two stiffness parameters. This result establishes a link between lag measures widely used to characterize inter-segmental coarticulation and the dynamical properties of the gestures of the segments whose co-production is at issue.

我们提供了一个内在的时间帐户的持续时间广泛用于表征跨节段协同发音或协同生产模式跨语言。在这种情况下，测量的持续时间是相互连接的部分的动态特性的结果。我们的账户是在计时数据的基础上开发的，使用电磁声速记录仪（EMA）注册，来自三种语言的停止横向集群。在这些语言的C1C2停侧辅音集群中，我们发现辅音的协同生产（“重叠”）的程度是由C1开口和C2闭合刚度的动态参数之间的协同作用控制的，这两个运动在C1到C2的过渡中最相关。重叠-刚度关系的具体形式是协同生产的程度是两个刚度参数的平均值（倒数）的线性函数。这一结果建立了广泛用于表征节间协同发音的滞后测量与合作生产存在争议的节段手势的动态特性之间的联系。

引用次数: 0

Articulatory consequences of lexical stress on post-tonic velar plosives in Italian 词汇重音对意大利语后张力爆破音的发音影响

IF 1.9 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Phonetics

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wocn.2024.101371

Bowei Shao , Anne Hermes , Philipp Buech , Maria Giavazzi

Lexically prominent positions are phonologically privileged: they are often phonetically strengthened and they are loci of contrast preservation. Cross-linguistically, stress-conditioned alternations target stress-adjacent consonants independently of syllabic boundaries. We argue that the phonetic bases of these processes can be found in the articulatory modulations induced by stress. They are anchored in the stressed vowel but have spill-over effects on adjacent consonants. In this study, we investigate the articulation of velar consonants in a palatalizing context. By comparing two conditions, with or without stress modulations, we aim to investigate potential articulatory underpinnings of a stress-conditioned phonological process, i.e., velar palatalization in Italian plural nouns and adjectives, which is largely blocked in post-tonic position. Using articulatory data (EMA), we show that lexical stress induces temporal and spatial modulations on post-tonic velar consonants. Temporal modulations surface with a delayed target achievement of the consonants’ constriction gestures. Spatial modulations surface with a further back place of articulation in post-tonic velars. Both effects are due to the strengthening of the stressed vowel. We discuss the implications of our findings within the

μ

-gesture proposal of Articulatory Phonology for the distribution of palatalization in Italian.

词汇上的突出位置在语音上享有特权：它们通常在语音上得到加强，它们是反差保存的位点。跨语言，重音条件交替的目标重音相邻辅音独立于音节边界。我们认为这些过程的语音基础可以在由重音引起的发音调节中找到。它们固定在重读元音中，但对相邻的辅音有溢出效应。在这项研究中，我们研究了腭音语境中腭辅音的发音。通过比较有或没有重音调节的两种情况，我们的目的是研究重音条件下语音过程的潜在发音基础，即意大利语复数名词和形容词的velar腭化，这在很大程度上被阻塞在后主音位置。使用发音数据（EMA），我们表明，词法重读诱导时间和空间调制的后紧张度辅音。时间调节表现为辅音收缩手势的延迟目标实现。空间调制表面与进一步后位置的发音在强音后腭。这两种效果都是由于重读元音的加强。我们讨论了我们的研究结果在发音音韵学的μ-手势建议中对意大利语腭化分布的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Reconceptualizing VOT: Further contributions to marking 50 years of research on voice onset time 重新定义VOT：对语音起始时间研究50周年的进一步贡献

IF 1.9 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Phonetics

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wocn.2024.101387

Jahnavi Narkar

Most work using voice onset time (VOT) to characterize voicing contrasts has focused on languages with two or three-way distinctions (Lisker and Abramson, 1964, Cho et al., 2019b). While this work acknowledges that VOT is not adequate to describe more complex voicing contrasts, there are few proposals addressing how such complex laryngeal contrasts can be characterized. In this post-facto addition to the special collection Marking 50 Years of Research on Voice Onset Time and the Voicing Contrast in the World’s Languages (Cho, Docherty, & Whalen, 2019a), I argue that VOT should be reconceptualized as a two-dimensional plane rather than a one-dimensional continuum. This simple reformulation of VOT, under which negative and positive VOT make up the complete VOT space, yields a more complete description of the voicing contrasts that exist in the world’s languages. Crucial evidence comes from Bengali which, like many other Indic languages, has a four-way contrast, utilizing both voicing and aspiration. If VOT is conceptualized as two-dimensional, the Bengali-type pattern is naturally predicted to exist. I argue that two-dimensional VOT best characterizes the acoustic properties of voicing contrasts and that the modest modification to our understanding of the VOT space proposed here can better explain the typology of stop laryngeal contrasts.

大多数使用语音开始时间（VOT）表征语音对比的工作都集中在具有两种或三种差异的语言上（Lisker和Abramson， 1964， Cho等人，2019b）。虽然这项工作承认VOT不足以描述更复杂的声音对比，但很少有关于如何描述这种复杂的喉部对比的建议。在《世界语言发声时间和发声对比研究50周年纪念特辑》(Cho, Docherty, &；Whalen, 2019a)，我认为VOT应该被重新定义为一个二维平面，而不是一个一维连续体。通过对VOT进行简单的重新表述，消极VOT和积极VOT构成了完整的VOT空间，从而更完整地描述了世界语言中存在的发声对比。关键的证据来自孟加拉语，它和许多其他印度语言一样，有四个方面的对比，同时利用发声和渴望。如果将VOT概念化为二维的，那么孟加拉型模式自然会存在。我认为二维VOT最能表征发声对比的声学特性，并且本文提出的对我们对VOT空间的理解的适度修改可以更好地解释喉停对比的类型。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of production training on speech perception in L2 learners of German 生产训练对二语德语学习者言语感知的影响

IF 1.9 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Phonetics

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wocn.2024.101370

James M. Stratton

The present study examines the effects of production training on speech perception in English-speaking L2 learners of German. Forty-five third-semester German language students at a North American university were divided into three learning conditions: explicit, implicit, or control. Learners in the explicit condition received six twenty-minute training sessions on German articulatory phonetics and phonology, targeting both consonants and vowels. Changes in L2 perception were measured by an AX discrimination task and a binary forced choice identification task. Results indicate that learners in the explicit group significantly outperformed learners in the implicit and control groups, improving auditory discrimination of novel contrasts by an average of 19 percent and perceptual categorization by 14 percent. The findings provide support for motor theory models of speech perception and show that improvements in L2 perception can be a positive concomitant of exclusively production-based training, highlighting that production and perception are inextricably linked.

本研究考察了生产训练对英语二语德语学习者言语感知的影响。北美一所大学的45名第三学期德语学生被分为三种学习环境：显性、隐性和控制。在显性条件下，学习者接受六个20分钟的德语发音语音学和音位学训练，目标是辅音和元音。第二语言感知的变化是通过AX辨别任务和二元强迫选择识别任务来测量的。结果表明，外显组的学习者明显优于内隐组和对照组的学习者，他们对新对比的听觉辨别能力平均提高了19%，感知分类能力平均提高了14%。研究结果为言语感知的运动理论模型提供了支持，并表明第二语言感知的改善可以是完全基于生产的训练的积极伴随，强调生产和感知是密不可分的。

引用次数: 0

Investigating interlanguages beyond categorical analyses: Prosodic marking of information status in Italian learners of German 超越范畴分析的中介语研究：义大利德语学习者信息状态的韵律标记

IF 1.9 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Phonetics

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wocn.2024.101377

Simona Sbranna, Aviad Albert, Martine Grice

Previous studies report that Italian learners of German transfer their L1 prosody to their L2 when marking information status prosodically within noun phrases (NPs). However, these studies were based on a categorical analysis of accentuation based on the presence or absence of pitch accents, which might not provide the full picture of interlanguages, in which category boundaries are flexible and dynamically evolving. We elicited two-word NPs in two different information status conditions – given-new (GN) and new-given (NG) – in L1 German, L1 Italian, and L2 German. We performed a periodic-energy-informed analysis to explore speakers’ continuous modulation of F0 and prosodic strength and additionally discuss the results for the interlanguage in categorical terms. Learners prosodically mark information status by modulating the F0 contour on the first word similarly to their L1. However, learners reduce the prosodic strength of the second word in the noun phrase across the board, i.e. irrespective of information status. This pattern resembles German deaccentuation, and indicates that the learners are using a salient pattern but are not associating it with the appropriate pragmatic function. The current study revealed patterns for L1 Italian learners of L2 German which did not emerge in previous categorical analyses of the intonation of Italian learners of German.

先前的研究表明，意大利德语学习者在名词短语（NPs）中标记信息状态时，会将他们的母语韵律转移到第二语言。然而，这些研究都是基于对音高是否存在的重音的分类分析，这可能无法提供中介语的全貌，因为中介语的类别边界是灵活和动态发展的。我们在L1德语、L1意大利语和L2德语的两种不同的信息状态条件下——给定新（GN）和新给定（NG）引出了两个单词的np。我们进行了周期性能量分析，以探索说话者对F0和韵律强度的连续调制，并从分类角度讨论了中介语的结果。学习者通过调节第一个单词的F0等高线来节律性地标记信息状态，这与他们的L1相似。然而，学习者普遍降低名词短语中第二个单词的韵律强度，即不考虑信息状态。这种模式类似于德语的去重音，表明学习者正在使用一个突出的模式，但没有将其与适当的语用功能联系起来。目前的研究揭示了母语意大利语学习者对第二语言德语的语调模式，这在之前对意大利语学习者对德语的语调进行的分类分析中没有出现。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of individual aptitude on ultrasound biofeedback in non-native vowel production 个体天资对非本地元音生成超声生物反馈的影响

IF 1.9 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Phonetics

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101390

Ching-Hung Lai , Chenhao Chiu

The purpose of this study is to investigate how individual’s linguistic and spatial knowledge affects the training effects of ultrasound biofeedback. We also examined the influence of vowel differences on the training effect as well as the interaction between individual’s aptitude and training targets. Twenty-eight Taiwan Mandarin native speakers participated in the non-native vowel production experiment. Participants were first assessed by their phonetic awareness, phonological awareness, somatosensory acuity, production variability, and spatial reasoning. Participants were trained to produce non-native Cantonese /ɐ/ and Japanese /ɯ/, provided with ultrasound biofeedback. Cantonese /ɐ/ and Japanese /ɯ/ differ with their closest Mandarin counterparts in vowel height and frontness, respectively. The training effect for each vowel was determined by comparing the tongue postures (in ultrasound) between pre-training baseline and post-training performances. The results and findings are threefold: First, ultrasound biofeedback training in learning non-native sounds can be effective after 20 min of training. Second, more robust training effects were reported for the dimension of vowel height than vowel frontness. Last, individual aptitude indeed predicts the effectiveness of the ultrasound biofeedback training. The interaction between individual’s abilities and training targets can be modulated by common predictors, as well as by predictors that correspond to specific dimensions or are specific to those dimensions. This study highlights the relationship between ultrasound training effects and individual aptitude and at the same time provides insight with regards to the selection of training targets, the methods for magnifying training effect, and the screening test of training effect. These findings crucially lend support to both the theoretical framework of speech production and clinical as well as pedagogical application of ultrasound biofeedback.

本研究旨在探讨个体的语言和空间知识对超声生物反馈训练效果的影响。我们还考察了元音差异对训练效果的影响，以及个体能力倾向与训练目标之间的相互作用。28名以台湾普通话为母语的人参与了非母语元音生成实验。参与者首先通过他们的语音意识、语音意识、体感敏锐度、生产变异性和空间推理来评估。参与者被训练发出非母语的粤语/音/和日语/音/，并提供超声生物反馈。广东话/音/和日语/音/分别在元音高度和元音前半部分上与普通话发音相近。每个元音的训练效果是通过比较训练前基线和训练后的舌头姿势（超声）来确定的。结果和发现有三个方面：第一，超声生物反馈训练在学习非母语声音的训练20分钟后可以有效。第二，元音高度维度的训练效果比元音正面维度的训练效果更强。最后，个体资质确实预测了超声生物反馈训练的有效性。个人能力和训练目标之间的相互作用可以通过共同的预测因素来调节，也可以通过对应于特定维度或特定于这些维度的预测因素来调节。本研究突出了超声训练效果与个体天资的关系，同时对训练对象的选择、放大训练效果的方法、训练效果的筛选试验等方面提供了新的见解。这些发现至关重要地为语音产生的理论框架和超声生物反馈的临床和教学应用提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Thai speakers time lexical tones to supralaryngeal articulatory events 泰语使用者根据咽上发音事件来确定词汇音调的时间

IF 1.9 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Phonetics

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wocn.2024.101389

Francesco Burroni , Sam Tilsen

What do speakers do when they produce tones? Do they aim for the synchronization of f0 targets with segmental acoustic events, or do they execute a routine in which f0 changes and oral articulations are precisely coordinated? This paper explores these questions in Thai using acoustic and electromagnetic articulography data from eight speakers. Drawing on analyses of variability, stability, and informativity, our findings indicate that the timing of the onsets of tonal and oral articulatory gestures is generally more stable than the timing of tonal and oral targets, both in articulatory and acoustic measurements. When comparing the two modalities directly, we found that the lag between tonal onset and vocalic gesture onset exhibits the lowest variability and the highest mutual information among a large set of timing measures. Additionally, only articulatory lags remain stable under rate and context perturbations. To explain these findings, we propose that Thai tones are timed onset-to-onset with vocalic gestures and develop a model that formally implements this proposal. This model also accounts for otherwise puzzling acoustic patterns, such as a negative lag between tonal onset and acoustic syllable boundaries at slower speech rates. Further temporal patterns, such as surface non-zero time-locking rather than perfect synchrony of events, are also clarified. In sum, this work advances our understanding of tonal timing in Thai and outlines its implications for more general theories of phonology and speech production.

当说话者发出音调时，他们会做什么？他们的目标是将f0个目标与分段声学事件同步，还是他们执行一个常规，其中f0个变化和口头发音精确协调？本文利用来自八位说话者的声学和电磁发音数据在泰语中探讨这些问题。通过对变异性、稳定性和信息性的分析，我们的研究结果表明，在发音和声学测量中，声调和口头发音手势的开始时间通常比声调和口头目标的开始时间更稳定。当直接比较这两种模式时，我们发现音调开始和语音手势开始之间的滞后在大量的时间测量中表现出最低的变异性和最高的互信息。此外，只有发音滞后在速率和上下文扰动下保持稳定。为了解释这些发现，我们提出泰语音调是与语音手势同步开始的，并开发了一个正式实施这一建议的模型。这个模型也解释了其他令人费解的声学模式，比如在较慢的语速下音调开始和声学音节边界之间的负滞后。进一步的时间模式，如表面非零时间锁定而不是事件的完美同步，也被澄清。总之，这项工作促进了我们对泰语音调时序的理解，并概述了其对音韵学和语音产生的更一般理论的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Contrast enhancement and the distribution of vowel duration in Japanese 日语中元音时长的对比增强与分布

IF 1.9 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Phonetics

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wocn.2024.101386

Shin-ichiro Sano, Céleste Guillemot

This paper offers a case study of the role of information in patterns of segmental duration, focusing on the short vs. long vowel contrast in Japanese. We confirmed that the position of vowels in linguistic units (intonation phrase/IP and word) and the length of the units affect vowel duration, but the patterns differ depending on the type of units. The results suggest that at the word level, vowel duration patterns in such a way that cues for vowel contrast are enhanced in salient (earlier) positions and units with less predictability or more lexical competitors (shorter words), while cues are relatively reduced in non-salient (later) positions and units with more predictability or less lexical competitors (longer words). In this way, the variation in vowel duration balances the successful transmission of lexical information and the cost for phonetic implementation, which supports previous findings in communication-based approaches of language.

本文以日语短元音和长元音的对比为例，分析了信息在分音持续时间模式中的作用。我们证实，元音在语言单位（语调、短语/IP和单词）中的位置和单位的长度影响元音的持续时间，但模式因单位类型而异。结果表明，在单词水平上，元音持续时间的模式是这样的：元音对比的线索在显著（较早）位置和可预测性较低或词汇竞争对手较多的单元（较短的单词）中得到增强，而在非显著（较晚）位置和可预测性较强或词汇竞争对手较少的单元（较长单词）中相对减少。通过这种方式，元音持续时间的变化平衡了词汇信息的成功传递和语音实现的成本，这支持了先前基于交际的语言研究方法的发现。

引用次数: 0