Research on intellectual and developmental disabilities is increasing in South Africa. However, sexuality and reproductive health, particularly parenthood for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and supporting policies and health systems, are neglected areas.
Methods
This brief report was guided by a desktop search of literature from South Africa on definitions and perspectives on intellectual and developmental disabilities, services and societal attitudes on sexuality and parenthood. The subheadings used in the report were used to do a scoping of evidence on each topic.
Results
Although some research has been conducted on intellectual and developmental disabilities and sexuality, a direct focus on parenting, for example lived experiences of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, services and parenting outcomes is lacking.
Conclusion
Researchers, policy makers and relevant practitioners must recognise parenting as a human right for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and prioritise parenting in research, policy and practice.
{"title":"Parenting Among People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in South Africa","authors":"Callista Kahonde, Mantji Juliah Modula","doi":"10.1111/jar.70156","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70156","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Research on intellectual and developmental disabilities is increasing in South Africa. However, sexuality and reproductive health, particularly parenthood for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and supporting policies and health systems, are neglected areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This brief report was guided by a desktop search of literature from South Africa on definitions and perspectives on intellectual and developmental disabilities, services and societal attitudes on sexuality and parenthood. The subheadings used in the report were used to do a scoping of evidence on each topic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although some research has been conducted on intellectual and developmental disabilities and sexuality, a direct focus on parenting, for example lived experiences of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, services and parenting outcomes is lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Researchers, policy makers and relevant practitioners must recognise parenting as a human right for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and prioritise parenting in research, policy and practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145727667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People with intellectual disabilities have the right to form a family, but structural inequalities often prevent them from exercising this right. This report examines how the Dominican Republic can support parenting by persons with intellectual disabilities.
Methodology
A documentary review of institutional reports, public policies and previous studies was conducted, along with information requests to four government entities.
Results
The country has made progress in accessibility and inclusion policies, but obstacles persist in reproductive autonomy. Legal guardianship and the lack of self-advocacy limit decision-making, while poverty, violence and exclusion from sexual and reproductive health programmes add further barriers.
Discussion and Conclusions
Ensuring parenting rights requires legal reform to strengthen autonomy, accessible support systems and remove structural barriers. The country must also improve the quality of data on intellectual disabilities and move forward with research about this topic so it can inform public policies.
{"title":"Dominican Republic's Context to Enable Parenting With Intellectual Disability: A Brief Report","authors":"Alba Iris Polanco-Vidal","doi":"10.1111/jar.70162","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People with intellectual disabilities have the right to form a family, but structural inequalities often prevent them from exercising this right. This report examines how the Dominican Republic can support parenting by persons with intellectual disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A documentary review of institutional reports, public policies and previous studies was conducted, along with information requests to four government entities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The country has made progress in accessibility and inclusion policies, but obstacles persist in reproductive autonomy. Legal guardianship and the lack of self-advocacy limit decision-making, while poverty, violence and exclusion from sexual and reproductive health programmes add further barriers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ensuring parenting rights requires legal reform to strengthen autonomy, accessible support systems and remove structural barriers. The country must also improve the quality of data on intellectual disabilities and move forward with research about this topic so it can inform public policies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145703157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth Croot, Alice Dunning, Andrew Booth, Clare Tarling
Background
Individual service funds (ISFs) in England aim to provide self-directed support without the challenge of procuring support and managing a budget. However, few local authorities offer ISFs and some do not offer more choice and control than a council-managed budget.
Methods
This participatory realist review followed RAMESES publication standards. We developed and refined theories using published and grey literature, expert stakeholders and personal narratives (written and video case studies).
Results
We identified eight initial programme theories, forming a programme theory explaining how ISFs generate successful outcomes for adults with intellectual disabilities. These included: involvement in support planning; accessible budget information; flexible use of budgets; outcome-focused support planning; ‘live’ support plans; non-traditional support; positive risk management and trusting relationships.
Conclusion
Our programme theory elucidates causal pathways for successful ISF outcomes, connecting mechanisms to contextual factors. This guides ISF development and implementation and helps adults with intellectual disabilities make informed decisions about ISFs.
{"title":"Using Individual Service Funds (ISFs) to Improve Access to Self-Directed Support for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: A Participatory Realist Review","authors":"Elizabeth Croot, Alice Dunning, Andrew Booth, Clare Tarling","doi":"10.1111/jar.70148","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individual service funds (ISFs) in England aim to provide self-directed support without the challenge of procuring support and managing a budget. However, few local authorities offer ISFs and some do not offer more choice and control than a council-managed budget.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This participatory realist review followed RAMESES publication standards. We developed and refined theories using published and grey literature, expert stakeholders and personal narratives (written and video case studies).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified eight initial programme theories, forming a programme theory explaining how ISFs generate successful outcomes for adults with intellectual disabilities. These included: involvement in support planning; accessible budget information; flexible use of budgets; outcome-focused support planning; ‘live’ support plans; non-traditional support; positive risk management and trusting relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our programme theory elucidates causal pathways for successful ISF outcomes, connecting mechanisms to contextual factors. This guides ISF development and implementation and helps adults with intellectual disabilities make informed decisions about ISFs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12686772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145710402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamar Rutter, Richard Hastings, Nicola Enoch, Samantha Flynn, Matthew Randell, Chris Stinton
Background
Parental experiences of prenatal testing and receiving a Down syndrome diagnosis for their child are impacted by the quality of information and support available. We explored the care experiences of mothers living in Great Britain who received a prenatal or postnatal Down syndrome diagnosis.
Method
Mothers (N = 280) of children with Down syndrome born between 2019 and 2022 completed an online survey about being offered prenatal diagnostic testing and receiving a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis.
Results
Qualitative findings underscored the impact of sensitive, supportive care and communication on participants' sense of autonomy and emotional adjustment. However, many participants felt information about Down syndrome was imbalanced, outdated, or insufficient. Some also reported feeling pressured to undergo diagnostic testing or pregnancy termination.
Conclusions
The findings highlight the importance of communication that prioritises individual needs, and of ensuring healthcare professionals are equipped to support parents as they begin their parenting journey.
{"title":"Down Syndrome in British Maternity Care: Mothers' Experiences of Prenatal Testing and Receiving a Prenatal or Postnatal Diagnosis","authors":"Tamar Rutter, Richard Hastings, Nicola Enoch, Samantha Flynn, Matthew Randell, Chris Stinton","doi":"10.1111/jar.70160","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70160","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parental experiences of prenatal testing and receiving a Down syndrome diagnosis for their child are impacted by the quality of information and support available. We explored the care experiences of mothers living in Great Britain who received a prenatal or postnatal Down syndrome diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mothers (<i>N</i> = 280) of children with Down syndrome born between 2019 and 2022 completed an online survey about being offered prenatal diagnostic testing and receiving a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Qualitative findings underscored the impact of sensitive, supportive care and communication on participants' sense of autonomy and emotional adjustment. However, many participants felt information about Down syndrome was imbalanced, outdated, or insufficient. Some also reported feeling pressured to undergo diagnostic testing or pregnancy termination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings highlight the importance of communication that prioritises individual needs, and of ensuring healthcare professionals are equipped to support parents as they begin their parenting journey.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12683471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145703238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Jahoda, Kelly Vinquist, Audrey Blakeley-Smith, Caitlin M. Conner
{"title":"Adaptations to Psychological Therapies for People With Intellectual Disabilities","authors":"Andrew Jahoda, Kelly Vinquist, Audrey Blakeley-Smith, Caitlin M. Conner","doi":"10.1111/jar.70158","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This brief report examines the challenges faced by adults with intellectual disabilities in Southern Africa regarding intimate relationships, parenthood and access to reproductive health services. Despite cultural values like Ubuntu emphasising interconnectedness, stigma, remnants of colonialism and underdeveloped service systems continue to marginalise individuals with intellectual disabilities.
Method
This report synthesises existing literature to explore how cultural, historical and systemic factors shape the experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities.
Results
Findings reveal that cultural and religious beliefs stigmatise persons with intellectual disabilities and that this impacts opportunities for intimate relationships and parenthood. Inadequate reproductive health services and untrained healthcare providers perpetuate misconceptions and neglect, impacting the realisation of social roles for persons with intellectual disabilities.
Conclusions
Culturally responsive, disability-inclusive policies must address systemic exclusions. Future research should document lived experiences and develop targeted interventions, fostering a more inclusive environment where individuals and parents with intellectual disabilities can thrive.
{"title":"Barriers to Reproductive Health Access and Parenthood for Persons With Intellectual Disabilities in Southern Africa","authors":"S. Moyo, L. Pacheco, P. B. Adjei","doi":"10.1111/jar.70159","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This brief report examines the challenges faced by adults with intellectual disabilities in Southern Africa regarding intimate relationships, parenthood and access to reproductive health services. Despite cultural values like Ubuntu emphasising interconnectedness, stigma, remnants of colonialism and underdeveloped service systems continue to marginalise individuals with intellectual disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This report synthesises existing literature to explore how cultural, historical and systemic factors shape the experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings reveal that cultural and religious beliefs stigmatise persons with intellectual disabilities and that this impacts opportunities for intimate relationships and parenthood. Inadequate reproductive health services and untrained healthcare providers perpetuate misconceptions and neglect, impacting the realisation of social roles for persons with intellectual disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Culturally responsive, disability-inclusive policies must address systemic exclusions. Future research should document lived experiences and develop targeted interventions, fostering a more inclusive environment where individuals and parents with intellectual disabilities can thrive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145672432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linda Monterroso Hurtado, Zachary Rossetti, Joyce Maring
Background
This study aimed to understand the well-being, caregiver burden and support of sibling caregivers of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Method
This survey study gathered insights from adult sibling caregivers about their well-being, caregiver burden and sources of support. Demographic information was collected. Self-reported well-being measures were assessed. A descriptive analysis of the quantitative data was conducted. Qualitative data was analysed thematically. Differences and associations in scores related to income level were explored.
Results
Sibling caregivers reported taking care of their well-being but report high caregiver burden. As caregiver burden increases, well-being decreases (p = 0.001). Siblings with higher income report a significantly higher sense of well-being (p = 0.033). Qualitative responses highlight the need for sibling caregiver support.
Conclusion
The findings indicate relatively high caregiver burden and the importance of support for sibling caregivers. Future research is warranted focused on strategies to lessen caregiver burden and increase sibling well-being.
{"title":"Assessing Well-Being, Caregiver Burden and Support in Sibling Caregivers of Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","authors":"Linda Monterroso Hurtado, Zachary Rossetti, Joyce Maring","doi":"10.1111/jar.70154","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to understand the well-being, caregiver burden and support of sibling caregivers of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This survey study gathered insights from adult sibling caregivers about their well-being, caregiver burden and sources of support. Demographic information was collected. Self-reported well-being measures were assessed. A descriptive analysis of the quantitative data was conducted. Qualitative data was analysed thematically. Differences and associations in scores related to income level were explored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sibling caregivers reported taking care of their well-being but report high caregiver burden. As caregiver burden increases, well-being decreases (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Siblings with higher income report a significantly higher sense of well-being (<i>p</i> = 0.033). Qualitative responses highlight the need for sibling caregiver support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings indicate relatively high caregiver burden and the importance of support for sibling caregivers. Future research is warranted focused on strategies to lessen caregiver burden and increase sibling well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145650250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Individuals with intellectual disabilities face increased risks of obesity and health issues. Carers in residential settings play a crucial role in shaping their dietary habits. This study explores how carers influence eating behaviours to identify strategies for healthy eating.
Method
Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with carers from three community homes. Thematic analysis identified three key themes: (i) whose responsibility is it?; (ii) food autonomy and choice in the context of caring relationships; (iii) opportunities for working together to support dietary choices.
Results
Carers strive to encourage healthy eating while respecting residents' autonomy, particularly in those with cognitive impairments or on psychotropic medications. They use strategies like rapport-building, personalised care, and nutrition education. However, these efforts are limited by gaps in knowledge, time constraints, and variation in application and impact.
Conclusions
Findings highlight the practice gap and the need for better training and resources to support carers in promoting healthy food choices while respecting residents' autonomy.
{"title":"Eating Well When Living With an Intellectual Disability—Exploring the Carer: Client Relationship in Residential Settings","authors":"Aslıhan Özdemir, Hazel Chapman, Rebecca Hall, Basma Ellahi","doi":"10.1111/jar.70157","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with intellectual disabilities face increased risks of obesity and health issues. Carers in residential settings play a crucial role in shaping their dietary habits. This study explores how carers influence eating behaviours to identify strategies for healthy eating.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with carers from three community homes. Thematic analysis identified three key themes: (i) whose responsibility is it?; (ii) food autonomy and choice in the context of caring relationships; (iii) opportunities for working together to support dietary choices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carers strive to encourage healthy eating while respecting residents' autonomy, particularly in those with cognitive impairments or on psychotropic medications. They use strategies like rapport-building, personalised care, and nutrition education. However, these efforts are limited by gaps in knowledge, time constraints, and variation in application and impact.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings highlight the practice gap and the need for better training and resources to support carers in promoting healthy food choices while respecting residents' autonomy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12665284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145643703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Peña-Salazar, N. Kazah, B. Carrillo, M. Pugés, I. Lupiañez, M. Irazábal, M. Lleonart, S. Ángel, S. Ochoa
Background
People with intellectual disabilities often present a discrepancy between emotional and cognitive development, which may play a role in the presence of some psychiatric disorders and problem behaviour (PB).
Method
Observational, cross-sectional study of 192 adults with intellectual disabilities and psychiatric disorders.
Results
We found a statistically significant relationship between level of emotional development (ED) and degree of intellectual disability, as well as with severity of PB and some kinds of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. In a regression model, 61% of the variance in the global emotional development variable is explained by the variables: Intellectual disability mild–moderate and severe (B = −1.058; p < 0.001), Intellectual disability mild and moderate–severe (B = −0.118; p < 0.05), PB (B = −0.352; p < 0.005), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (B = −0.129; p < 0.05) and adaptive behaviour (B = 0.017; p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Level of ED could be a key factor in the severity of PB and in the presence of some psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disabilities.
智力障碍患者往往表现出情感和认知发展的差异，这可能与某些精神障碍和问题行为（PB）的存在有关。方法对192例成人智力障碍和精神障碍患者进行观察性横断面研究。结果情绪发展水平与智力残疾程度、PB严重程度及某些神经精神和神经发育障碍之间存在显著相关。在回归模型中，全球情绪发展变量中61%的方差可以用以下变量来解释：智力残疾轻中度和重度（B = - 1.058; p < 0.001）、智力残疾轻中度和重度（B = - 0.118; p < 0.05）、PB （B = - 0.352; p < 0.005）、自闭症谱系障碍（ASD） （B = - 0.129; p < 0.05）和适应行为（B = 0.017; p < 0.001）。结论ED水平可能是影响智障患者PB严重程度和存在某些精神障碍的关键因素。
{"title":"The Influence of the Level of Emotional Development on Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Problem Behaviour in People With Intellectual Disability. A Cross-Sectional Study in a Spanish Context","authors":"C. Peña-Salazar, N. Kazah, B. Carrillo, M. Pugés, I. Lupiañez, M. Irazábal, M. Lleonart, S. Ángel, S. Ochoa","doi":"10.1111/jar.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People with intellectual disabilities often present a discrepancy between emotional and cognitive development, which may play a role in the presence of some psychiatric disorders and problem behaviour (PB).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Observational, cross-sectional study of 192 adults with intellectual disabilities and psychiatric disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found a statistically significant relationship between level of emotional development (ED) and degree of intellectual disability, as well as with severity of PB and some kinds of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. In a regression model, 61% of the variance in the global emotional development variable is explained by the variables: Intellectual disability mild–moderate and severe (<i>B</i> = −1.058; <i>p</i> < 0.001), Intellectual disability mild and moderate–severe (<i>B</i> = −0.118; <i>p</i> < 0.05), PB (<i>B</i> = −0.352; <i>p</i> < 0.005), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (B = −0.129; <i>p</i> < 0.05) and adaptive behaviour (<i>B</i> = 0.017; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Level of ED could be a key factor in the severity of PB and in the presence of some psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145626601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louise Allan, Nicola Roberts, Nicola Ring, Lisa O'Leary
Background
Respiratory-related illness including asthma is a leading cause of avoidable higher mortality in those with intellectual disabilities. International guidelines stress the importance of good self-management in avoiding asthma-related deaths but give no guidance on how this is achieved with this vulnerable population.
Method
A scoping review of published research to identify barriers and facilitators to promoting asthma self-management in people with intellectual disabilities.
Results
Only six studies published from 2015 to 2022 met study inclusion criteria. Studies commonly reported that the education of patients and caregivers was critical, with a lack of education being a barrier to good asthma control. Three studies also highlighted the importance of caregivers and support workers in helping those with intellectual disabilities to self-manage their asthma.
Conclusions
This review highlights the paucity of research in this area. Further research is urgently needed to improve asthma self-management in those with intellectual disabilities thereby reducing asthma-related deaths.
{"title":"Barriers and Enablers of Delivering Asthma Self-Management to Those With Intellectual Disabilities: A Scoping Review","authors":"Louise Allan, Nicola Roberts, Nicola Ring, Lisa O'Leary","doi":"10.1111/jar.70155","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Respiratory-related illness including asthma is a leading cause of avoidable higher mortality in those with intellectual disabilities. International guidelines stress the importance of good self-management in avoiding asthma-related deaths but give no guidance on how this is achieved with this vulnerable population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A scoping review of published research to identify barriers and facilitators to promoting asthma self-management in people with intellectual disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Only six studies published from 2015 to 2022 met study inclusion criteria. Studies commonly reported that the education of patients and caregivers was critical, with a lack of education being a barrier to good asthma control. Three studies also highlighted the importance of caregivers and support workers in helping those with intellectual disabilities to self-manage their asthma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review highlights the paucity of research in this area. Further research is urgently needed to improve asthma self-management in those with intellectual disabilities thereby reducing asthma-related deaths.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145607868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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