Peter Baker, Nick Gore, Suzi Sapiets, Jill Chaplin, Mark Murphy, Ceridwen Evans
Background
People with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of presenting behaviours that challenge. Behaviour support plans (BSPs) guide the use of bespoke strategies to maximise life quality and reduce the risk of behaviours that challenge. The behaviour support plan content appraisal tool (BSP-CAT) was developed to assess and improve the quality of BSPs. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of the BSP-CAT.
Method
Test–retest and inter-rater reliability were examined with the assistance of practitioners that supported adults with intellectual disabilities and behaviour that challenges. All participants received prior training and independently used the measure to score BSPs available to them.
Results
Participants provided 98 BSP-CAT scores for 47 behaviour support plans. Good to moderate reliability was established at the total and strand level.
Conclusions
Preliminary analysis suggests the BSP-CAT has encouraging reliability.
{"title":"The Behaviour Support Plan Content Appraisal Tool (BSP-CAT): A New Tool for Assessing and Improving the Quality of Behavioural Support Plans","authors":"Peter Baker, Nick Gore, Suzi Sapiets, Jill Chaplin, Mark Murphy, Ceridwen Evans","doi":"10.1111/jar.70153","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70153","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of presenting behaviours that challenge. Behaviour support plans (BSPs) guide the use of bespoke strategies to maximise life quality and reduce the risk of behaviours that challenge. The behaviour support plan content appraisal tool (BSP-CAT) was developed to assess and improve the quality of BSPs. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of the BSP-CAT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Test–retest and inter-rater reliability were examined with the assistance of practitioners that supported adults with intellectual disabilities and behaviour that challenges. All participants received prior training and independently used the measure to score BSPs available to them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants provided 98 BSP-CAT scores for 47 behaviour support plans. Good to moderate reliability was established at the total and strand level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preliminary analysis suggests the BSP-CAT has encouraging reliability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12641237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145590132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ellinor Nilsson, Stefan Johansson, Kristin Alfredsson Ågren, Ulrika Müssener
Background
People with intellectual disabilities experience significant health inequities. Digital interventions for health promotion are rarely designed from their specific needs. This study aimed to uncover core qualities of digital interventions for health promotion by exploring factors influencing health behaviours amongst people with intellectual disabilities.
Methods
This study was conducted in Sweden. Co-design was used across 10 workshops with 18 people with intellectual disabilities, five relatives, and 12 professionals. Verbal and visual data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Results
Three categories were generated as factors influencing health behaviours: Integrating a Sense of Belonging, Building Confidence Through Involvement, and Ensuring Structural and Contextual Coherence. For each category, two core qualities for digital interventions were uncovered.
Conclusions
Digital interventions for health promotion targeting people with intellectual disabilities should integrate accessible design with social, emotional, and structural support, and be embedded within everyday contexts to foster empowerment, meaningful participation, and social connectedness.
{"title":"Uncovering Core Qualities of Digital Interventions for Health Promotion: Perspectives From People With Intellectual Disabilities, Relatives, and Professionals","authors":"Ellinor Nilsson, Stefan Johansson, Kristin Alfredsson Ågren, Ulrika Müssener","doi":"10.1111/jar.70151","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People with intellectual disabilities experience significant health inequities. Digital interventions for health promotion are rarely designed from their specific needs. This study aimed to uncover core qualities of digital interventions for health promotion by exploring factors influencing health behaviours amongst people with intellectual disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was conducted in Sweden. Co-design was used across 10 workshops with 18 people with intellectual disabilities, five relatives, and 12 professionals. Verbal and visual data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three categories were generated as factors influencing health behaviours: Integrating a Sense of Belonging, Building Confidence Through Involvement, and Ensuring Structural and Contextual Coherence. For each category, two core qualities for digital interventions were uncovered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Digital interventions for health promotion targeting people with intellectual disabilities should integrate accessible design with social, emotional, and structural support, and be embedded within everyday contexts to foster empowerment, meaningful participation, and social connectedness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12631160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adaptations are frequently reported when delivering therapy to people with an intellectual disability, including the involvement of carers. This review aimed to understand the experience of carer involvement from the perspective of the person, therapist and caregiver.
Methods
A systematic search of six databases and of reference lists was conducted. The quality of the included studies was assessed using an adapted version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist. Data was synthesised using meta-ethnography.
Results
Sixteen studies were included but their quality varied. Five third-order constructs were identified: safety, therapeutic process, relationships, personal impact on carer and improving the experience.
Conclusion
Findings suggest that carer involvement can be a positive experience and aid the therapy process. However, this depended on several factors including carer motivation and consistency. Confidentiality issues were highlighted. Limitations of studies included poor reporting on participant demographics and small samples. Future research and clinical implications are suggested.
{"title":"Involving Carers in Therapy for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review of Client, Carer and Therapist Perspectives","authors":"Charlotte Farnsworth, Thomas Schröder","doi":"10.1111/jar.70152","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70152","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adaptations are frequently reported when delivering therapy to people with an intellectual disability, including the involvement of carers. This review aimed to understand the experience of carer involvement from the perspective of the person, therapist and caregiver.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search of six databases and of reference lists was conducted. The quality of the included studies was assessed using an adapted version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist. Data was synthesised using meta-ethnography.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixteen studies were included but their quality varied. Five third-order constructs were identified: safety, therapeutic process, relationships, personal impact on carer and improving the experience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings suggest that carer involvement can be a positive experience and aid the therapy process. However, this depended on several factors including carer motivation and consistency. Confidentiality issues were highlighted. Limitations of studies included poor reporting on participant demographics and small samples. Future research and clinical implications are suggested.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12628289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145552131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carme Vidal López, Judit Fullana Noell, María Pallisera Díaz, Ana Rey Freire
Background
Social inclusion is a fundamental right of people with intellectual disabilities who face ongoing barriers to their community participation (CRPD).
Objectives
This article presents a qualitative study focused on the experience of 10 people with intellectual disabilities in three key community spaces: public, consumption, and socialisation.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews supported with visual aids were used to identify places frequented, level of involvement, barriers and supports in relation to community participation.
Results
The findings indicate that, although presence in public space is common, interactions are often superficial, limited by a lack of accessibility and discriminatory attitudes. In the consumption space, some people manage to establish meaningful relationships, but economic restrictions and attitudinal barriers persist. In the socialisation space, participation increases when they take on active roles.
Conclusions
This study highlights the need for inclusive strategies that favour accessibility, attitudinal and structural changes to ensure full community participation.
{"title":"Participation of People With Intellectual Disabilities in the Public, Consumer and Social Spaces: Barriers and Supports","authors":"Carme Vidal López, Judit Fullana Noell, María Pallisera Díaz, Ana Rey Freire","doi":"10.1111/jar.70149","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Social inclusion is a fundamental right of people with intellectual disabilities who face ongoing barriers to their community participation (CRPD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article presents a qualitative study focused on the experience of 10 people with intellectual disabilities in three key community spaces: public, consumption, and socialisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-structured interviews supported with visual aids were used to identify places frequented, level of involvement, barriers and supports in relation to community participation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings indicate that, although presence in public space is common, interactions are often superficial, limited by a lack of accessibility and discriminatory attitudes. In the consumption space, some people manage to establish meaningful relationships, but economic restrictions and attitudinal barriers persist. In the socialisation space, participation increases when they take on active roles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the need for inclusive strategies that favour accessibility, attitudinal and structural changes to ensure full community participation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hinke Elisabet Drijver, Robert Didden, Carlo Schuengel
Background
Assessment of adaptive behaviour of people with moderate to profound intellectual disability is hampered by limited variation in scores within this range. We evaluated measurement properties of the Diagnostic Instrument on Adaptive Behaviour (DIAB), which was developed for this population.
Method
The DIAB was completed by two care staff members for 73 adults (age 19–84) grouped by level of intellectual disability (i.e., moderate, severe or profound intellectual disability) along with Dutch normed measures of adaptive and motor functioning and a global rating.
Results
Inter-rater (ICC = 0.94) and test–retest (ICC = 0.96) reliability met standards. DIAB scores correlated highly with those of the two Dutch instruments (r = 0.90; r = 0.77). Associations between measures were consistent with convergent and discriminant validity. DIAB scores differed between three severity levels of ID (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The DIAB exhibited promising reliability, convergent, discriminant, concurrent, and known group validity.
背景：对中度至重度智力残疾者适应性行为的评估受到该范围内分数有限变化的阻碍。我们评估了适应行为诊断仪器（DIAB）的测量特性，这是为这个群体开发的。方法：由两名护理人员对73名成年人（19-84岁）按智力残疾水平（即中度、重度或重度智力残疾）以及荷兰规范的适应和运动功能测量和全球评分进行分组。结果：测间信度（ICC = 0.94）和重测信度（ICC = 0.96）符合标准。DIAB分数与两种荷兰乐器的分数高度相关（r = 0.90; r = 0.77）。测量之间的关联符合收敛效度和区别效度。结论：DIAB具有良好的信度、收敛效度、判别效度、并发效度和已知组效度。
{"title":"Reliability and Validity of the Diagnostic Instrument on Adaptive Behaviour: A New Instrument Measuring Adaptive Behaviour in People With Moderate, Severe or Profound Intellectual Disability","authors":"Hinke Elisabet Drijver, Robert Didden, Carlo Schuengel","doi":"10.1111/jar.70150","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assessment of adaptive behaviour of people with moderate to profound intellectual disability is hampered by limited variation in scores within this range. We evaluated measurement properties of the Diagnostic Instrument on Adaptive Behaviour (DIAB), which was developed for this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The DIAB was completed by two care staff members for 73 adults (age 19–84) grouped by level of intellectual disability (i.e., moderate, severe or profound intellectual disability) along with Dutch normed measures of adaptive and motor functioning and a global rating.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inter-rater (ICC = 0.94) and test–retest (ICC = 0.96) reliability met standards. DIAB scores correlated highly with those of the two Dutch instruments (<i>r</i> = 0.90; <i>r</i> = 0.77). Associations between measures were consistent with convergent and discriminant validity. DIAB scores differed between three severity levels of ID (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The DIAB exhibited promising reliability, convergent, discriminant, concurrent, and known group validity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mª. Ángeles Quesada-Cubo, Antonio Iáñez-Domínguez, Rosa Mª. Díaz-Jiménez
Introduction
Although efforts have been made to adapt housing to the needs of people with intellectual disabilities, environmental factors remain fragmented and poorly systematised. This study identifies and organises these factors to inform more inclusive and responsive housing design.
Method
A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted across six databases, selecting 73 studies based on predefined criteria.
Results
An inductive matrix was developed to group the identified factors into five interrelated environmental dimensions: physical, social, natural, supportive and symbolic. This framework highlights the diversity and depth of elements relevant to housing design, moving beyond accessibility to adopt a biopsychosocial perspective that promotes well-being and health. The methodological, geographical and temporal characteristics of the selected articles were also assessed.
Conclusions
This study proposes a pioneering and practical reference framework for designing and evaluating housing for people with intellectual disabilities. It also outlines directions for future research to support inclusive, evidence-based policies and practices.
{"title":"Inclusive Housing Environments for People With Intellectual Disabilities: Systematic Review of Characteristics and Influencing Factors","authors":"Mª. Ángeles Quesada-Cubo, Antonio Iáñez-Domínguez, Rosa Mª. Díaz-Jiménez","doi":"10.1111/jar.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although efforts have been made to adapt housing to the needs of people with intellectual disabilities, environmental factors remain fragmented and poorly systematised. This study identifies and organises these factors to inform more inclusive and responsive housing design.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted across six databases, selecting 73 studies based on predefined criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An inductive matrix was developed to group the identified factors into five interrelated environmental dimensions: physical, social, natural, supportive and symbolic. This framework highlights the diversity and depth of elements relevant to housing design, moving beyond accessibility to adopt a biopsychosocial perspective that promotes well-being and health. The methodological, geographical and temporal characteristics of the selected articles were also assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study proposes a pioneering and practical reference framework for designing and evaluating housing for people with intellectual disabilities. It also outlines directions for future research to support inclusive, evidence-based policies and practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145460831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eline Wagemaker, Lianne Bakkum, Laura Tissing, Loïs van de Water, Noud Frielink, Petri J. C. M. Embregts, Ines van Keer, Annet ten Brug, Paula S. Sterkenburg, J. Clasien de Schipper, Anne Tharner, Carlo Schuengel
Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, people with intellectual disabilities in sheltered home care facilities had to use digital contact as an alternative to face-to-face contact.
Method
This study assessed digital and face-to-face contact and sentiment around digital contact among people with different levels of intellectual disability before, during and after the COVID-19 restrictions (2016–2023) by analysing 575,348 daily records from a care organisation and yearly surveys from 342 relatives.
Results
In the care records, mentions and positive sentiment around digital contact increased at the start of the restrictions and stabilised after the restrictions. According to relatives, digital contact remained similar over this period, while face-to-face contact was diminished during the restrictions.
Conclusion
If the increased attention and predominantly positive sentiment to digital contact after the COVID-19 restrictions in one large care organisation is indicative of a wider shift in long-term care, more is needed for increasing contact with relatives.
{"title":"How Did the COVID-19 Restrictions Change the Digital Contact of People With Intellectual Disabilities? A Longitudinal Multi-Method Study in Sheltered Home Care Facilities","authors":"Eline Wagemaker, Lianne Bakkum, Laura Tissing, Loïs van de Water, Noud Frielink, Petri J. C. M. Embregts, Ines van Keer, Annet ten Brug, Paula S. Sterkenburg, J. Clasien de Schipper, Anne Tharner, Carlo Schuengel","doi":"10.1111/jar.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, people with intellectual disabilities in sheltered home care facilities had to use digital contact as an alternative to face-to-face contact.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study assessed digital and face-to-face contact and sentiment around digital contact among people with different levels of intellectual disability before, during and after the COVID-19 restrictions (2016–2023) by analysing 575,348 daily records from a care organisation and yearly surveys from 342 relatives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the care records, mentions and positive sentiment around digital contact increased at the start of the restrictions and stabilised after the restrictions. According to relatives, digital contact remained similar over this period, while face-to-face contact was diminished during the restrictions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>If the increased attention and predominantly positive sentiment to digital contact after the COVID-19 restrictions in one large care organisation is indicative of a wider shift in long-term care, more is needed for increasing contact with relatives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145426169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelly Carr-Kirby, Sean Horton, Chad A. Sutherland, Victoria Paraschak, Patricia Weir
Background
Strengths-based employment services focused on the abilities of people with intellectual disabilities challenge traditional, deficits-based orientations. Within the presence of hope, which sustains collective effort toward a preferred future, such employment services may stimulate social change. Therefore, the presence of hope was examined within strengths-based employment settings for adults with intellectual disabilities to understand its potential to establish inclusive workplaces.
Methods
Employees with intellectual disabilities supported by strength-based employment services, as well as their employers and co-workers, completed semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
Hope was present within strength-based employment services through the (a) co-sharing of strengths, (b) movement toward a shared, preferred future, (c) alignment of personal and collective goals, and (d) (co)transformation of interacting parties.
Conclusion
Implementing strengths-based employment services for people with intellectual disabilities is supported, as it facilitates the cultivation of hope and thus movement toward inclusive and equitable workplaces.
{"title":"‘I Don't Think They've Ever Seen People Like Me Do Jobs Like This’: Exploring Hope Within Strengths-Based Employment Services for People With Disability","authors":"Kelly Carr-Kirby, Sean Horton, Chad A. Sutherland, Victoria Paraschak, Patricia Weir","doi":"10.1111/jar.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Strengths-based employment services focused on the abilities of people with intellectual disabilities challenge traditional, deficits-based orientations. Within the presence of hope, which sustains collective effort toward a preferred future, such employment services may stimulate social change. Therefore, the presence of hope was examined within strengths-based employment settings for adults with intellectual disabilities to understand its potential to establish inclusive workplaces.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Employees with intellectual disabilities supported by strength-based employment services, as well as their employers and co-workers, completed semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hope was present within strength-based employment services through the (a) co-sharing of strengths, (b) movement toward a shared, preferred future, (c) alignment of personal and collective goals, and (d) (co)transformation of interacting parties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Implementing strengths-based employment services for people with intellectual disabilities is supported, as it facilitates the cultivation of hope and thus movement toward inclusive and equitable workplaces.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145426177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jade Dunning, Melanie Hodgkinson, Mark Rose, Warren Dunger
Background
Adults with intellectual disability, especially those with Down syndrome, are at increased risk of dementia. Whilst memory decline is often considered the earliest symptom, emerging research indicates decline in language, executive function, and non-cognitive domains may also occur early, potentially before memory changes.
Method
A systematic review using narrative synthesis was conducted to evaluate recent literature on early symptoms of dementia and the trajectory of decline in people with intellectual disabilities and Down syndrome.
Results
Eighteen peer-reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria. Early decline was observed across multiple domains, with memory and executive function frequently identified as sensitive to early decline. Attention, mobility, and behaviour were also commonly reported.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that early dementia symptoms extend beyond memory decline, highlighting the need to broaden current assessment guidelines. Further research is required to address methodological limitations and improve early detection in this population.
{"title":"Early Markers for Dementia in the Intellectual Disability Population: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Jade Dunning, Melanie Hodgkinson, Mark Rose, Warren Dunger","doi":"10.1111/jar.70144","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adults with intellectual disability, especially those with Down syndrome, are at increased risk of dementia. Whilst memory decline is often considered the earliest symptom, emerging research indicates decline in language, executive function, and non-cognitive domains may also occur early, potentially before memory changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review using narrative synthesis was conducted to evaluate recent literature on early symptoms of dementia and the trajectory of decline in people with intellectual disabilities and Down syndrome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighteen peer-reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria. Early decline was observed across multiple domains, with memory and executive function frequently identified as sensitive to early decline. Attention, mobility, and behaviour were also commonly reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings suggest that early dementia symptoms extend beyond memory decline, highlighting the need to broaden current assessment guidelines. Further research is required to address methodological limitations and improve early detection in this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shasvine Viknesh, Farahiyah Wan Yunus, Masne Kadar, Nor Afifi Razaob
Background
Children with mild intellectual disabilities in Malaysia often lack structured, tailored sexuality education. Existing national resources are broad and not diagnosis-specific. This study developed and validated sexuality education guidelines and an activity kit for parents of children aged 4–12 years with mild intellectual disabilities.
Method
A four-phase qualitative approach was applied: (i) guideline and kit development through literature review and researcher consensus, (ii) expert review via focus group discussion (n = 6), (iii) content validation index (CVI) assessment and (iv) cognitive interviews with parents (n = 9). Purposive sampling ensured diversity in expertise and parental backgrounds.
Results
Experts recommended narrowing the scope, simplifying language, adding culturally sensitive visuals and using interactive tools. CVI scores were 1.00 for all components. Parents confirmed usability, preferred realistic imagery and valued guided dialogue templates.
Conclusion
This sexuality education guideline and activity kit is tailored to mild intellectual disabilities, offering a culturally sensitive, interactive and age-appropriate home-based resource.
{"title":"Development of Sexuality Education Teaching Guidelines and Activity Kit for Parents of Children Aged 4–12 Years With Mild Intellectual Disability","authors":"Shasvine Viknesh, Farahiyah Wan Yunus, Masne Kadar, Nor Afifi Razaob","doi":"10.1111/jar.70145","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children with mild intellectual disabilities in Malaysia often lack structured, tailored sexuality education. Existing national resources are broad and not diagnosis-specific. This study developed and validated sexuality education guidelines and an activity kit for parents of children aged 4–12 years with mild intellectual disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A four-phase qualitative approach was applied: (i) guideline and kit development through literature review and researcher consensus, (ii) expert review via focus group discussion (<i>n</i> = 6), (iii) content validation index (CVI) assessment and (iv) cognitive interviews with parents (<i>n</i> = 9). Purposive sampling ensured diversity in expertise and parental backgrounds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Experts recommended narrowing the scope, simplifying language, adding culturally sensitive visuals and using interactive tools. CVI scores were 1.00 for all components. Parents confirmed usability, preferred realistic imagery and valued guided dialogue templates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This sexuality education guideline and activity kit is tailored to mild intellectual disabilities, offering a culturally sensitive, interactive and age-appropriate home-based resource.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145356995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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