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An integrated conceptual model for enhancing refugee education 加强难民教育的综合概念模型
IF 3 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/berj.4005
Mir Abdullah Miri

This paper introduces a unified conceptual framework for understanding refugee identity construction within educational contexts, drawing on theories of social justice (Fraser, 2008), affective relations (Lynch, 2012), the resumption of ordinary life (Kohli, 2011) and ecological systems (Bronfenbrenner, 1977). Addressing a gap in the existing scholarship, the model emphasises the importance of affective relations in shaping refugee identities in education alongside other factors. The study examines the macro constructs of redistribution, recognition, representation and relational affect, highlighting their impact on refugee children's educational experiences. Further, it considers the micro constructs of safety, sense of belonging and success in integration and attainment in educational environments. The constructs are examined across various levels of Bronfenbrenner's ecological system, demonstrating the complexity of refugees’ needs. This model aims to facilitate a holistic, justice-oriented approach to refugee education, which is crucial given the rise in global displacement. The study has significant implications for refugee education research and policymaking, potentially informing targeted interventions and programmes that foster academic success, overall well-being, and practice in refugee education.

本文借鉴社会正义理论(Fraser, 2008)、情感关系理论(Lynch, 2012)、恢复正常生活理论(Kohli, 2011)和生态系统理论(Bronfenbrenner, 1977),提出了一个统一的概念框架,用于理解教育背景下的难民身份建构。针对现有学术研究中的空白,该模型强调了情感关系与其他因素在教育中塑造难民身份的重要性。本研究探讨了再分配、认可、代表性和情感关系等宏观因素,强调了它们对难民儿童教育经历的影响。此外,研究还考虑了安全、归属感、成功融入教育环境以及教育成就等微观因素。该模型从布朗芬布伦纳生态体系的不同层面对这些建构进行了研究,展示了难民需求的复杂性。该模型旨在促进以公正为导向的整体难民教育方法,这在全球流离失所人数增加的情况下至关重要。这项研究对难民教育研究和政策制定具有重要意义,有可能为有针对性的干预措施和计划提供信息,促进学业成功、整体福祉和难民教育实践。
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引用次数: 0
Mindfulness in education: Critical debates and pragmatic considerations 教育中的正念:关键辩论和务实考虑
IF 3 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/berj.3998
Winky Lee, Christopher T. McCaw, Nicholas T. Van Dam

Mindfulness has all but become a mainstay in modern education. Yet despite the incredible enthusiasm and increased application in schools, there remains significant divergence between advocates and critics. Advocates assert that mindfulness practice promotes individual and societal health and well-being. Meanwhile, critics question the intention and the social and political implications of promoting these ancient practices in schools, arguing that the Buddhist ethics underlying mindfulness remain incompatible with the neoliberal ideology and instrumentalism of contemporary schooling. As mindfulness has been commodified, instrumentalised and used as a therapeutic tool for acute coping, its broader potential for human growth and development may be undermined. Furthermore, scholars caution that the fledging nature of mindfulness research leaves critical questions unanswered, especially the potential for adverse effects. The work herein examines these critiques, presenting three critical considerations for mindfulness in education, and articulates practical recommendations for educational leaders, policy makers and stakeholders. We aim to empower educators and others to make judgements about the promotion and integration of mindfulness into educational settings, considering context-specific factors such as developmental needs and capacities, as well as recommendations to support effective and ethical practice of mindfulness in education.

正念几乎已成为现代教育的主流。然而,尽管学校对正念的热情令人难以置信,正念的应用也越来越广泛,但正念的倡导者和批评者之间仍然存在着巨大的分歧。倡导者认为,正念练习能促进个人和社会的健康与幸福。与此同时,批评者质疑在学校推广这些古老练习的意图及其社会和政治影响,认为正念所蕴含的佛教伦理与当代学校教育的新自由主义意识形态和工具主义格格不入。由于正念被商品化、工具化,并被用作急性应对的治疗工具,其促进人类成长和发展的更广泛潜力可能会受到损害。此外,有学者提醒说,正念研究刚刚起步,还有一些关键问题没有得到解答,特别是可能产生的负面影响。本文探讨了这些批评意见,提出了正念教育的三个关键考虑因素,并为教育领导者、政策制定者和利益相关者提出了切实可行的建议。我们的目标是让教育工作者和其他人能够在考虑发展需求和能力等具体因素的情况下,对正念在教育环境中的推广和整合做出判断,并提出建议,支持在教育中有效、合乎道德地实践正念。
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引用次数: 0
Fail to plan, plan to fail. Are education policies in England helping teachers to deliver on the promise of democracy? 未雨绸缪,有备无患。英格兰的教育政策是否有助于教师兑现民主承诺?
IF 3 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1002/berj.4001
Edda Sant, James Weinberg, Jonas Thiel

This paper examines three questions: (1) (How) Is democracy promoted in secondary schools in England? (2) How is the promotion of democracy understood in education and teacher education policy? and (3) To what extent does existing education policy benefit the promotion of democracy in schools in England? To explore these questions, we first discuss the policy landscape surrounding democratic education in England. We then outline our data collection and analysis methods, which comprised (a) the coding of ten different policy documents, including curriculum specifications, teaching standards and inspection frameworks, and (b) the utilisation of an original survey of more than 3000 teachers working in approximately 50% of all secondary schools in England. Together, our data allow us to raise three important points. First, education and teacher education policy neglects to specify ‘how’ democracy should be promoted and by ‘whom’. Second, schools are offering scant provision of democratic education. Third, the majority of teachers feel fundamentally underprepared to teach democracy. We conclude this paper by arguing that, if policymakers do wish to promote democracy, there is a need for a cohesive policy and teacher education approach that guarantees democratic education for all.

本文探讨了三个问题:(1) 英格兰中学如何促进民主? (2) 教育和师范教育政策如何理解促进民主? (3) 现行教育政策在多大程度上有利于促进英格兰学校的民主?为了探讨这些问题,我们首先讨论了英格兰民主教育的政策环境。然后,我们概述了我们的数据收集和分析方法,其中包括:(a) 对十种不同的政策文件进行编码,包括课程规范、教学标准和检查框架;(b) 对在英格兰约 50%的中学工作的 3000 多名教师进行原始调查。通过这些数据,我们提出了三个重要观点。第一,教育和师范教育政策忽视了 "如何 "促进民主以及 "由谁 "促进民主。第二,学校很少提供民主教育。第三,大多数教师认为自己根本没有做好教授民主的准备。在本文的最后,我们认为,如果政策制定者确实希望促进民主,那么就有必要采取协调一致的政策和师范教育方法,以保证全民民主教育。
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引用次数: 0
Can the role of a personal tutor contribute to reducing the undergraduate degree awarding gap for racially minoritised students? 个人导师的作用能否有助于缩小少数种族学生在本科学位授予方面的差距?
IF 3 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1002/berj.3999
Josephine Gabi, Alison Braddock, Claire Brown, Denise Miller, Gwenda Mynott, Melissa Jacobi, Pallavi Banerjee, Karen Kenny, Andrew Rawson

The imperative to address the complex problem of degree awarding gaps within UK higher education institutions is multifaceted and messy. Various studies have continually highlighted this persistent undergraduate awarding gap (racial equity gap or/ethnicity gap) between White and racially minoritised students. This disparity in educational outcomes, where racially minoritised students compared to their White counterparts are less likely to graduate with good honours degrees, has gained considerable attention from policymakers and scholars. This underscores the need for comprehensive strategies that transcend conventional approaches and boundaries to achieve systemic change. Efforts to close the awarding gap have predominantly focused on decolonising the curriculum, which is vital. Still, it is also crucial to recognise personal tutoring (PT) as a pivotal and often underestimated role in addressing the awarding gap. The PT role, with its potential to provide a joined-up experience for students, promoting student engagement and enabling them to navigate the ever-changing academic landscape, can be a catalyst for racial equity and an antidote to the degree awarding gap. By reviewing the literature, empirical studies, policy frameworks and practical implementations, this paper sheds light on the diverse ways PT can serve as a potent tool for promoting equity and inclusion and enhancing equitable outcomes for all. Through a synthesis of existing literature and critical analysis, this scoping review highlights ways PT in higher education is conceptualised nationally and internationally and how it can drive transformational change in higher education when aligned with principles of equity.

解决英国高等教育机构学位授予差距这一复杂问题的当务之急是多方面的,也是杂乱无章的。各种研究不断强调白人学生与少数种族学生之间持续存在的本科生学位授予差距(种族公平差距或/种族差距)。与白人学生相比,少数种族学生毕业时获得优秀荣誉学位的可能性较低,这种教育结果上的差距已经引起了政策制定者和学者的极大关注。这突出表明,需要制定超越传统方法和界限的综合战略,以实现系统性变革。弥合学位差距的努力主要集中在课程的非殖民化上,这一点至关重要。然而,认识到个人辅导(PT)在解决获奖差距问题上的关键作用,而且这种作用往往被低估,也是至关重要的。个人辅导的作用在于为学生提供连贯的体验,促进学生的参与,使他们能够驾驭不断变化的学术环境,它可以成为种族平等的催化剂,也是消除学位授予差距的一剂良药。通过回顾文献、实证研究、政策框架和实际实施情况,本文揭示了教学法作为促进公平和包容以及提高所有人的公平结果的有效工具的各种方式。通过对现有文献的综述和批判性分析,本范围综述强调了国内和国际上对高等教育教学的概念化方式,以及在符合公平原则的情况下,如何推动高等教育的转型变革。
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引用次数: 0
Students' preferences for setting and/or mixed-ability grouping in secondary school physical education in England 英国中学体育教学中学生对分组设置和/或混合能力分组的偏好
IF 3 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1002/berj.4000
Shaun D. Wilkinson, Dawn Penney

There is an extensive international literature on different forms of ability grouping in schools, much of which describes their impact on students' academic achievement, motivation, self-concept and/or attitudes towards learning. Comparatively little research has focused on students' perspectives of these practices, while the research that has been conducted has primarily focused on mathematics, English and science. There is a conspicuous and arguably significant absence of research that explores students' perspectives on different forms of ability grouping in other areas of the school curriculum, including physical education (PE). In contrast to the relative privacy of classroom-based subjects, students' bodies, physical competencies and performances are very openly on display in PE, which potentially accentuates the importance of grouping strategies from students' perspectives. This study sought to extend current grouping and ability research by generating large-scale data relating to students' preferences for setting, mixed-ability grouping or a combination of these approaches in secondary school PE. Data were collected through an online survey administered to 4908 students in 48 mainstream state-funded secondary schools located in all nine regions of England. The responses showed that overall, most students preferred setting to mixed-ability grouping or a combination of these approaches. Variations in preferences are discussed in relation to demographic and situational factors, including gender, self-identified ability, school year group, previous experiences and the nature of the learning environment. Implications of the findings for policy, practice and future research are discussed, and the need for ability to be problematised and further explored in PE research and practice is highlighted.

国际上有大量关于学校中不同形式的能力分组的文献,其中大部分描述了这些分组对 学生学业成绩、学习动机、自我概念和/或学习态度的影响。相对而言,很少有研究关注学生对这些做法的看法,而已经开展的研究主要集中在数学、英语和科学方面。在学校课程的其他领域,包括体育课(PE),明显缺乏探讨学生对不同形式的能力分组的看法的研究,这一点可以说是非常重要的。与课堂科目的相对私密性不同,体育课上学生的身体、体能和表现都是公开展示的,这可能会从学生的角度突出分组策略的重要性。本研究旨在扩展目前的分组和能力研究,就中学体育课中学生对分组设置、混合能力分组或这些方法的组合的偏好收集大规模数据。数据是通过在线调查收集的,调查对象是英格兰九个地区 48 所主流公立资助中学的 4908 名学生。调查结果显示,总体而言,大多数学生更倾向于设置混合能力分组或这些方法的组合。研究结合人口和环境因素,包括性别、自我认定的能力、学年组别、以往经历和学习环境的性质,讨论了学生偏好的变化。讨论了研究结果对政策、实践和未来研究的影响,并强调了在体育研究和实践中对能力进行问题化和进一步探索的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown in England on challenging behaviour and adaptive skills for children in a special school: A longitudinal study 英格兰 COVID-19 封锁对特殊学校儿童挑战行为和适应能力的影响:纵向研究
IF 3 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1002/berj.3997
Gemma Nicholls, Paul A. Thompson, Corinna F. Grindle, Richard P. Hastings

Longitudinal research is crucial to fully assess the putative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with an intellectual disability in special school settings—ideally drawing on data pre-pandemic to be able to evaluate later impact. Data on challenging behaviour and adaptive skills were collected annually for 348 students in one special school across four time points pre-pandemic and one time point post-pandemic. Data were analysed using multilevel models with repeated observations over the five time points. There was a decrease in aggressive and destructive behaviours and a decrease in adaptive skills at the post-pandemic time point, after accounting for other important covariates. There was no evidence of a change in stereotyped or self-injurious challenging behaviours. Other research using longitudinal methods is rare, but the current findings are consistent with previous research reporting on the impact of COVID-19 on children and young people, particularly from parent reports. Future considerations for schools include adopting appropriate strategies to support learners to reintegrate back into education. Further research is needed to look at the longer-term impact of the pandemic on challenging behaviour in children with an intellectual disability.

纵向研究对于全面评估 COVID-19 大流行对特殊学校中智障儿童的潜在影响至关重要--最好是利用大流行前的数据来评估后期的影响。我们每年都会收集一所特殊学校 348 名学生的挑战行为和适应能力数据,包括大流行前的四个时间点和大流行后的一个时间点。采用多层次模型对数据进行了分析,并对五个时间点进行了重复观察。在考虑了其他重要的协变量之后,大流行后的时间点上,攻击性和破坏性行为有所减少,适应能力有所下降。没有证据表明刻板行为或自我伤害挑战行为发生了变化。使用纵向方法进行的其他研究并不多见,但目前的研究结果与之前关于 COVID-19 对儿童和青少年影响的研究报告一致,尤其是来自家长的报告。学校今后需要考虑的问题包括采取适当的策略,支持学习者重新融入教育。还需要进一步研究该流行病对智障儿童挑战行为的长期影响。
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引用次数: 0
What are topic emotions? A comparison of children's emotional responses to climate change, climate change learning and climate change picturebooks 什么是主题情绪?比较儿童对气候变化、气候变化学习和气候变化图画书的情绪反应
IF 3 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/berj.3995
Rowan Oberman

Pekrun and his colleagues highlight the significance and diversity of emotion in education. Their analysis suggests that these emotions can be categorised by their stimuli into those related to the classroom: activities, outcomes, relationships, topics and knowledge processes (epistemic). Most research in this area has focused on achievement emotions, with relatively limited research exploring topic emotions. This paper develops a framework for conceptualising topic emotions. It reports on a design-based study that captured children's expressions of emotion in response to a climate change education programme using picturebooks. The data brought together emotional responses to climate change, to learning about climate change and to climate-related picturebooks. Qualitative analysis of these responses highlights how they differ not only with regard to the emotions expressed, but also the structure of the emotional experience. Emotional responses to the broad topic of climate change were expressed as ongoing analytical judgements, where those related to learning about climate change were immersive and finite. Reading climate-related picturebooks involved exploring how emotion is communicated and evoked. This supported quasi-emotional experiences, where the reader imagines the emotions of the characters. The picturebooks are also shown to create vicarious emotional experiences, involving ethical-based responses to the behaviour and circumstances depicted. Based on this analysis, the paper proposes a framework for disaggregating these differing emotional experiences related to topic.

Pekrun 及其同事强调了情感在教育中的重要性和多样性。他们的分析表明,这些情感可按其刺激因素分为与课堂有关的情感:活动、结果、关系、主题和知识过程(认识论)。这一领域的大多数研究都集中在成就情绪上,而对主题情绪的探索相对有限。本文为主题情感的概念化建立了一个框架。它报告了一项基于设计的研究,该研究利用图画书捕捉了儿童对气候变化教育计划的情绪表达。数据汇集了对气候变化、学习气候变化以及与气候相关的图画书的情绪反应。对这些反应的定性分析突出表明,它们不仅在所表达的情感方面存在差异,而且在情感体验的结构方面也存在差异。对气候变化这一广泛话题的情感反应表现为持续的分析判断,而与学习气候变化相关的情感反应则是身临其境的、有限的。阅读与气候有关的图画书涉及探索情感是如何传达和唤起的。这支持了准情感体验,即读者想象人物的情感。图画书还显示了代入式情感体验,涉及对所描绘的行为和环境做出基于伦理的反应。在此分析基础上,本文提出了一个框架,用于分解这些与主题相关的不同情感体验。
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引用次数: 0
To what extent do England's local offer websites adhere to the statutory guidance as set out in the special educational needs and disabilities code of practice? 英格兰的地方教育网站在多大程度上遵守了《特殊教育需求与残疾守则》中规定的法定指南?
IF 3 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1002/berj.3996
Jacob Matthews, Kristine Black-Hawkins, Arina Basu, Andreea-Ioana Necula, Jonny Downs, Tamsin Ford, Jennifer Saxton, the HOPE Study

In England the 2014 Children and Families Act introduced wide ranging changes to the assessment of and provision for children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). Guidance underpinning implementation was then published in the Code of Practice. Our study focuses on a key component of that legislation, known as the ‘local offer’, which requires local authorities to establish and maintain, clear, comprehensive, accessible and up to date information for children and young people with SEND, and their families, about available SEND provision. Local authorities are expected to involve children and young people and their families in co-designing and reviewing their local offer, alongside other key stakeholders, to ensure provision is responsive to local needs and aspirations. To support our assessment of local offers we first established six categories based on the criteria in the Code of Practice about expected availability of SEND-related information (e.g. financial support, health service information, accessibility information). We used these categories to evaluate the relevant local offer websites of all 151 English local authorities with legal responsibilities for SEND assessment and provision. We further assessed whether each local offer website included three common website accessibility functions. Our findings demonstrate variation in the availability of information at local authority level, therefore limiting the ability of some young people and families to make informed decisions about the support available to them. This provides further evidence to support growing concerns about ‘postcode lottery’ inequities for families and their children with SEND.

在英格兰,《2014 年儿童和家庭法案》对有特殊教育需求和残疾的儿童和青少年的评估和供给进行了广泛的改革。随后,在《实践准则》中发布了实施指南。我们的研究重点是该立法的一个关键组成部分,即 "地方提供",它要求地方当局为有特殊教育需要和残疾的儿童和青少年及其家庭建立并维护清晰、全面、无障碍和最新的信息,使其了解现有的特殊教育需要和残疾儿童和青少年服务。地方当局应与其他主要利益相关者一起,让儿童和青少年及其家庭参与共同设计和审查当地提供的服务,以确保提供的服务能够满足当地的需求和愿望。为了支持我们对当地提供的服务进行评估,我们首先根据《业务守则》中与特殊教育需要相关的信息(如经济支持、医疗服务信息、无障碍信息)的预期可用性标准确定了六个类别。我们使用这些类别来评估所有 151 个对特殊教育需要评估和提供负有法律责任的英格兰地方当局的相关本地提供网站。我们进一步评估了每个地方提供的网站是否包含三种常见的网站无障碍功能。我们的研究结果表明,地方当局在信息提供方面存在差异,因此限制了一些青少年和家庭就他们可获得的支持做出明智决定的能力。这进一步证明了人们日益关注的 "邮编抽签 "对有特殊教育需求的家庭及其子女造成的不平等。
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引用次数: 0
Pedagogical tact in the English language teacher education programme 英语教师教育课程中的教学战术
IF 3 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1002/berj.3987
Sezen Arslan

This study fills a major gap in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teacher education by examining the integration of pedagogical tact (PT) in an EFL teacher education programme in Turkey. Through an in-depth examination of the programme and semi-structured interviews, this study investigated to what extent PT, including empathising with and motivating learners, effective classroom management, differentiated instruction and support for meaningful decision-making, is integrated. The qualitative content analysis of the programme demonstrated that many courses in the EFL teacher education programme are consistent with aspects of PT. However, there were a few areas where the programme could be further enhanced to better include all aspects of PT. This includes offering courses on effective communication and decision-making. The interviews conducted with 21 pre-service EFL teachers also revealed that most of them acknowledged that the programme is based on their potential teaching needs and challenges. However, they offered suggestions to improve the programme such as adding more technology courses and practice-based implementations. Throughout the study, recommendations are provided regarding how EFL teacher education programmes could be developed and implemented with more emphasis on PT. Hence, the study's findings have important implications for teacher education programme developers in Turkey and international contexts.

本研究填补了英语作为外语(EFL)教师教育领域的一项重大空白,研究了土耳其 EFL 教师教育课程中教学战术(PT)的整合情况。通过对课程的深入研究和半结构式访谈,本研究调查了教学机智在多大程度上得到了整合,包括与学习者产生共鸣并激励学习者、有效的课堂管理、差异化教学和支持有意义的决策。对课程内容的定性分析表明,英语教师教育课程中的许多课程都与教学法的各个方面相一致。然而,该课程有几个方面可以进一步改进,以便更好地纳入教学法的各个方面。这包括开设有效沟通和决策课程。与 21 名职前英语教师的访谈也显示,大多数教师承认该课程是基于他们潜在的教学需 求和挑战。不过,他们也提出了改进该课程的建议,如增加更多的技术课程和以实践为基础的实施。在整个研究过程中,我们就如何开发和实施更注重实践教学的英语教师教育课程提出了建议。因此,研究结果对土耳其和国际背景下的师范教育课程开发者具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Thinking beyond deficits in Southwest China: Perspectives of ethnic minority teachers on academic achievement disparities among students 中国西南地区超越缺陷的思考:少数民族教师对学生学业成绩差异的看法
IF 3 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1002/berj.3993
Qian Liu, Fatma Zehra Colak, Orhan Agirdag

Global and national education agendas are concerned with improving the quality and equality of learning outcomes. School systems involuntarily continue to produce new and perpetuate existing inequities and injustices, particularly for minority students. While previous research has highlighted the potential causes and effects of educational inequity, little is known about the perspectives of teachers with minoritised backgrounds regarding the persistence of and responses to educational disparities. This research draws on the literature on deficit thinking and culturally responsive teaching to explore the views of ethnic minority teachers on students' academic achievement disparities in an ethnically diverse region of China. Interviews with 12 ethnic minority teachers show ethnic, biological and cultural deficit thinking when discussing students' schooling. Participants attributed their deficient-oriented thinking to their earlier teacher education experiences, where they acquired the discourse of zhiguo minzu concerning the different sociohistorical developments of minority groups in China. However, teacher participants stated that they also engaged in culturally responsive teaching to support the ethnic identities of their students. These findings draw attention to the multi-layered perspectives of ethnic minority teachers, which comprise both the reproducing and the challenging of inequities about minorities.

全球和各国的教育议程都关注提高学习成果的质量和平等性。学校系统不由自主地继续产生新的和延续现有的不公平和不公正,尤其是对少数群体学生而言。尽管以往的研究强调了教育不公平的潜在原因和影响,但对于少数群体背景的教师对教育差距的持续存在和应对措施的看法却知之甚少。本研究借鉴了有关赤字思维和文化回应教学的文献,探讨了中国一个多民族地区的少数民族教师对学生学业成绩差距的看法。对 12 名少数民族教师的访谈显示,在讨论学生的学校教育时,他们存在民族、生物和文化上的缺陷思维。受访者认为,他们的赤字导向思维得益于早年的师范教育经历,他们在师范教育中获得了关于中国少数民族不同社会历史发展的 "之乎者也 "话语。不过,参训教师表示,他们也参与了文化回应式教学,以支持学生的民族身份认同。这些发现使人们注意到少数民族教师的多层次视角,其中既包括对少数民族不平等现象的再现,也包括对这种不平等现象的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
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