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Danced movement in human geographic research: A methodological discussion 人文地理研究中的舞蹈运动:方法论探讨
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12653
Gabriel Baker, Sara Kindon, Emily Beausoleil

As central as bodily movement might be to geographic research, its potential as methodology is only beginning to be explored within the discipline. This paper contributes to this emerging scholarship by reviewing recent work from human geography and allied disciplines which acknowledges the importance of embodied knowledges and engages movement-based methodologies to surface and interrogate them. In this paper we address the relative lack of attention to, and exploration of, danced movement as methodology in human geography. Drawing on a variety of scholarship we argue that danced movement is of interest to current epistemological standpoints within geography, with potential to enrich existing embodied and mobile methodological approaches, as well as serve as distinct methodology in itself, with several promising applications in geographic research already clear.

尽管身体运动可能是地理研究的中心,但它作为方法论的潜力在这门学科中才刚刚开始被探索。本文通过回顾人文地理学和相关学科的最新工作,为这一新兴学术做出了贡献,这些工作承认具体化知识的重要性,并采用基于运动的方法来揭示和询问它们。在本文中,我们解决了相对缺乏关注和探索,舞蹈运动的方法论,在人文地理学。根据各种学术研究,我们认为舞蹈运动对地理学中当前的认识论立场很感兴趣,有可能丰富现有的具体化和移动方法方法,以及作为一种独特的方法,在地理研究中有几个有前途的应用已经很清楚。
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引用次数: 0
Gangs, gang members, and geography 帮派、帮派成员和地理
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12651
Stefano Bloch

Gangs are geographically oriented social entities as evidenced by the display of cardinal points in their graffiti, the use of neighborhood namesakes, a focus on territoriality as their raison d'être, as well as in the way they are policed and legally cordoned. Despite gang members' real and imagined penchant for transgressive place-making and demarcation, it has been sociologists and criminologists, not geographers, who have produced the lion's share of spatially nuanced research on gangs. In this article, I provide a review of the social scientific literature on gangs, concluding with a call for how to make the discipline of geography more inclusive for gang researchers who possess real-world experience with assertive place-making practices.

帮派是一种以地理为导向的社会实体,这一点可以从他们在涂鸦中展示的主要地点、使用与社区同名的名字、将领土作为他们成立être的理由、以及他们的警察和法律警戒线的方式中得到证明。尽管帮派成员在现实和想象中都有越轨的地盘划分和划界的倾向,但对帮派进行空间上细致入微的研究的大部分是社会学家和犯罪学家,而不是地理学家。在这篇文章中,我提供了一个关于帮派的社会科学文献的回顾,最后呼吁如何使地理学学科更具包容性,为那些拥有自信的场所制造实践的现实世界经验的帮派研究人员提供帮助。
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引用次数: 4
Commons, counterpublics and dissident urban space 公共、反公共和持不同政见者的城市空间
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-07 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12654
Geoffrey DeVerteuil, Johannes Kiener

We put into conversation two conceptual approaches for understanding the dissident nature of urban space: the commons and the counterpublics. This novel conceptual conversation asks the following questions - what is the interplay between them? Do they complement, build on, contradict, or ignore each other? What is urban about their particular interplays? These hypothetical matters are framed by a consideration of the fate of populations deemed surplus in urban space. Our conceptual conversation enables a new and productive way of understanding dissident urban spaces.

我们讨论了理解城市空间不同性质的两种概念方法:公地和反公众。这个新颖的概念对话提出了以下问题——它们之间的相互作用是什么?它们是相互补充、相互依赖、相互矛盾还是相互忽略?它们之间的特殊相互作用有什么城市特色?这些假设的问题是考虑到城市空间中过剩人口的命运。我们的概念对话为理解不同的城市空间提供了一种新的、富有成效的方式。
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引用次数: 2
Geographies of peri-urbanization in the global south 全球南方半城市化的地理特征
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12650
Alexander Follmann

The term peri-urbanization has been widely used to describe a range of different processes that transform rural areas to a mix of rural and urban spaces. Although there is a burgeoning literature on peri-urbanization, the conceptual debate about peri-urbanization's distinction from urbanization is rarely considered. It sometimes seems like whatever occurs at the urban periphery across the global south is labeled peri-urbanization. This universalizing use of the term risks obscuring the existing diversities of rural-to-urban transformations. At the same time, it is empirically clear that the urban periphery of the global south hosts the most dynamic processes of urbanization in the contemporary world. It is also conceptually accepted that to better understand these diverse processes of urbanization, scholars must decenter global urban theory and build new vocabularies and theories from the south. Thus, there is doubt as to whether and to what extent a single concept like peri-urbanization can capture the great diversity of rural-to-urban transformations across the global south. This critical review of the southern geographies of peri-urbanization first identifies three interrelated conceptual vectors (territorial, functional, and transitional) for understanding the peri-urban concept, and outlines recent developments in the field. Then, peri-urbanization is reframed as an umbrella concept, which embraces multiple theoretical concepts and avoids the universalization inherent in much current usage. Finally, the paper reviews recent theoretical inquiries and new vocabularies of urbanization processes at the urban periphery, offering scope to theorize the heterogeneity of the geographies of peri-urbanization in the global south.

“半城市化”一词已被广泛用于描述将农村地区转变为城乡混合空间的一系列不同过程。虽然关于半城市化的文献越来越多,但关于半城市化与城市化区别的概念争论却很少被考虑。有时候,在全球南方的城市边缘发生的一切似乎都被贴上了半城市化的标签。这种对这一术语的普遍化使用有可能模糊农村向城市转变的现有多样性。与此同时,经验清楚地表明,全球南方的城市边缘承载着当代世界最具活力的城市化进程。为了更好地理解这些多样化的城市化进程,学者们必须将全球城市理论去中心化,从南方构建新的词汇和理论,这在概念上也是公认的。因此,像半城市化这样的单一概念是否以及在多大程度上能够反映全球南方国家从农村到城市转变的巨大多样性,这一点值得怀疑。这篇对南方半城市化地理的批判性回顾首先确定了理解半城市化概念的三个相互关联的概念向量(领土、功能和过渡),并概述了该领域的最新发展。然后,半城市化被重新定义为一个笼统的概念,它包含了多个理论概念,避免了当前许多用法固有的普遍性。最后,本文回顾了城市边缘城市化进程的最新理论研究和新词汇,为全球南方城市化进程的地理异质性提供了理论依据。
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引用次数: 10
Geopolitics as an ethnographic object and agenda 地缘政治作为民族志的对象和议程
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12649
Bilge Firat

Over the last 3 decades, while ethnography has arguably become a popular and legitimate method to study geopolitics among geographers, anthropologists have increasingly turned towards geopolitics as a popular subject to investigate former and emergent empires as everyday phenomena. Yet, their efforts remain rather disjointed. Written by an anthropologist, this review essay aims to put these rather disjointed efforts into a programmatic conversation and think about how one might (re)calibrate geopolitics as an ethnographic object and agenda. To that end, the essay first takes stock of the existing ethnographic knowledge of geopolitics through a review of selected works by geographers and anthropologists. Then, to help students and scholars of geopolitics from within these cognate disciplines move this engagement forward, the essay concludes by proposing the ‘cultures of geopolitical expertise’ as a productive avenue to recalibrate geopolitics as an ethnographic object and agenda.

在过去的30年里,虽然民族志可以说已经成为地理学家研究地缘政治的一种流行和合法的方法,但人类学家越来越多地将地缘政治作为一种流行的主题来研究前帝国和新兴帝国的日常现象。然而,他们的努力仍然相当脱节。这篇评论文章由一位人类学家撰写,旨在将这些相当脱节的努力纳入一场程序性的对话,并思考人们如何(重新)将地缘政治校准为一种民族志的目标和议程。为此,本文首先通过对地理学家和人类学家精选作品的回顾,对现有的地缘政治民族志知识进行了评估。然后,为了帮助来自这些同源学科的地缘政治学生和学者向前推进这种接触,本文最后提出了“地缘政治专业文化”,作为将地缘政治重新校准为民族志对象和议程的有效途径。
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引用次数: 3
Embodied virtual geographies: Linkages between bodies, spaces, and digital environments 具体化虚拟地理:身体、空间和数字环境之间的联系
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12648
Tess Osborne, Phil Jones

Within an ongoing debate about the relationships between the body and technological experiences within virtual reality (VR), there has hitherto been limited consideration of the spatial. Geographers, meanwhile, have only just begun to engage with VR and its spatialities but have paid less attention to its embodiment. The technology allows users to go beyond merely imagining themselves in a different world, creating a real sense of presence in the digital realm. Immersion and presence in VR are, however, a mix of space, embodiment and the digital. As such, any discussion of VR requires critical consideration of both embodiment and space. This paper therefore explores some of the linkages between bodies, spaces and VR to demonstrate how engagement with VR can enrich geographical scholarship.

在关于虚拟现实(VR)中身体与技术体验之间关系的持续争论中,迄今为止对空间的考虑有限。与此同时,地理学家才刚刚开始接触虚拟现实及其空间性,但对其具体体现的关注较少。这项技术让用户不仅仅是想象自己置身于一个不同的世界,而是在数字领域创造出一种真实的存在感。然而,虚拟现实中的沉浸感和存在感是空间、化身和数字的混合体。因此,任何关于虚拟现实的讨论都需要对具体化和空间进行批判性的考虑。因此,本文探讨了身体、空间和虚拟现实之间的一些联系,以展示与虚拟现实的接触如何丰富地理学术。
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引用次数: 0
Political ecologies of resettlement in river deltas 河流三角洲移民安置的政治生态学
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12621
Friedrich Nikolaus Neu, Hartmut Fünfgeld

In river deltas, human interference with regional and global socio-ecological systems has led to a plethora of gradual and more abrupt environmental changes that result in inundation, coastal and river bank erosion, land loss and, ultimately, displaced people. Often apolitically framed as protective, state-led transfer of people to new housing grounds, resettlement has become a common response to such displacements. In its process, existing arrangements of land tenure and occupancy and, at times more covertly, related arrangements of capital, labor and the social fabric become dislocated and reassembled. In line with emerging critical geographies of resettlement, this paper conceptualizes resettlement in river deltas against the background of environmental change as a highly political process with far-reaching environmental, economic, social and cultural implications. For this article is based on an in-depth review of both resettlement and political ecology literature, we first elucidate the concept of resettlement before providing a structured overview of categories and recent trends in resettlement literature. We then focus on river deltas that due to multi-scale environmental change are about to become hotspots of future resettlement. Building on identified gaps in resettlement literature, the article concludes with opening up three analytical strands of political ecology as entry points to resettlement studies, understood as critical geographic research into localized manifestations of environmental change in river deltas. Overall, our paper aims to initialize conceptual debate, grounded in a thorough review of recent case study literature on resettlement that is informed by political ecology. The review challenges positivist reductions of resettlement processes as technocratic-managerial tasks that so far have dominated scientific literature in this field and opens up new perspectives for critical research on resettlements in river deltas for human geographers.

在河流三角洲,人类对区域和全球社会生态系统的干预导致了大量渐进和更为突然的环境变化,导致洪水泛滥、海岸和河岸侵蚀、土地流失,并最终造成流离失所者。重新安置通常被不带政治色彩地框定为保护性的、由国家主导的将人们转移到新住房的行动,已成为对这种流离失所的普遍回应。在这一过程中,现有的土地所有权和占用安排,以及有时更为隐蔽的资本、劳动力和社会结构的相关安排,变得混乱和重新组合。与新兴的移民安置关键地理相一致,本文将环境变化背景下的河流三角洲移民安置概念化为一个具有深远环境、经济、社会和文化影响的高度政治过程。由于本文基于对移民安置和政治生态学文献的深入回顾,我们首先阐明了移民安置的概念,然后对移民安置文献的类别和最新趋势进行了结构化的概述。由于多尺度的环境变化,河流三角洲将成为未来移民安置的热点。基于安置文献中已确定的空白,本文最后提出了政治生态学的三个分析链,作为安置研究的切入点,这些研究被理解为对河流三角洲环境变化的局部表现进行关键的地理研究。总体而言,我们的论文旨在启动概念性辩论,基于对最近由政治生态学提供信息的重新安置案例研究文献的全面审查。这篇综述挑战了迄今为止在这一领域的科学文献中占主导地位的将重新安置过程视为技术官僚管理任务的实证主义,并为人文地理学家在河流三角洲重新安置问题上的批判性研究开辟了新的视角。
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引用次数: 2
Museum as geopolitical entity: Toward soft combat 博物馆作为地缘政治实体:走向软战斗
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12623
Jacob C. Miller, Sharon Wilson

Many scholars have examined the museum as a site of politics. This paper reviews recent research on museums and puts forward “soft combat” as a device for understanding how museums operate as geopolitical entities today. Soft combat includes (a) enrolling the visitor in affective atmospheres, (b) engaging with violence and trauma, and (c) embodied persuasion. We examine a military museum in the U.S.A to substantiate soft combat as a kind of biopolitics.

许多学者把这个博物馆作为一个政治场所来研究。本文回顾了最近关于博物馆的研究,并提出“软战斗”作为理解当今博物馆作为地缘政治实体如何运作的一种手段。软战包括(a)让来访者进入情感氛围,(b)参与暴力和创伤,以及(c)具体化说服。我们考察了美国的一个军事博物馆,以证实软战斗是一种生命政治。
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引用次数: 0
Homeless women Don't wear Prada: The geographies of beauty standards and the bodies of homeless women 无家可归的女人不穿普拉达:美丽标准的地理位置和无家可归的女人的身体
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-20 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12620
Harriet Earle-Brown

Mainstream society expects women to look and behave in particular ways. Women are expected to adhere to conventional Western beauty standards of grooming, fashionable clothing, and hygiene. They are also traditionally associated with the home, homemaking and being indoors. The bodies of homeless women transgress in both ways: through lacking the resources to engage in the body work which would allow them to adhere to the beauty standards; and through lacking a home and predominantly being outdoors. This in turn, results in particular stigmatization for homeless women, who have unique experiences of homelessness. A lack of gendered literature has left many of these experiences underdiscussed, and even those approaches which do focus on gender, rarely account for other social differences such as race, age, and sexuality. This paper extends existing debates by arguing that framing homelessness through beauty standards and embodiment enables a new and more nuanced understanding of homelessness, which is not only gendered, but also allows for the acknowledgement of other intersectional difference, such as race, age, sexuality, and disability. It concludes that future research into homelessness should not only account for gender but should take an intersectional approach to consider the ways that homelessness is not one universal experience.

主流社会期望女性以特定的方式看待和行为。女性应该遵守西方传统的美容标准,包括仪容整洁、衣着时尚和卫生。传统上,它们也与家庭、家政和待在室内联系在一起。无家可归妇女的身体在两个方面都违反了规定:缺乏资源来从事使她们能够坚持美的标准的身体工作;因为没有家,大部分时间都在户外。这反过来又导致无家可归的妇女受到特别的污名化,她们有独特的无家可归经历。由于性别文学的缺乏,许多这些经历都没有得到充分的讨论,即使是那些关注性别的方法,也很少考虑到种族、年龄和性别等其他社会差异。本文扩展了现有的争论,认为通过美丽标准和体现来构建无家可归,可以对无家可归有一个新的、更细致的理解,这不仅是性别的,而且还允许承认其他交叉差异,如种族、年龄、性别和残疾。它的结论是,未来对无家可归的研究不仅应该考虑到性别,而且应该采取交叉的方法来考虑无家可归不是一种普遍经历的方式。
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引用次数: 0
The missing subject: Enabling a postcolonial future for climate conflict research 缺失的主题:为气候冲突研究实现后殖民未来
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-20 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12622
Ayesha Siddiqi

This paper suggests that the dominance of one debate on climate related conflict – establishing whether climate change leads to conflict, or not - is the product of Imperial knowledge produced in the Global North Orientalising the Global South. This debate is also one in which the subdiscipline of political geography has been inadvertently complicit by accepting positivist approaches, that erase the subject and their subjectivities from this discussion, and frame them as science. The argument in this paper problematises the fundamental understanding of ‘climate conflict’, as defined and universalised by Western science in the Western academy. Instead, it argues that the subaltern's lived experience and interpretation of hazards and their relationship with conflicts needs to be located and centred in this conversation – not just as that of a hapless victim but as knowledge producers able to set the agendas and re-orient the focus of this field. Research examining conflicts around floods and evictions begins to map a new future for how that might be possible.

这篇论文表明,一个关于气候相关冲突的辩论的主导地位——确定气候变化是否导致冲突——是全球北方将全球南方东方化过程中产生的帝国知识的产物。在这场辩论中,政治地理学的分支学科也因接受实证主义的方法而无意中成为同谋,这种方法将主题及其主体性从讨论中抹去,并将其框定为科学。本文的论点对西方学术界对“气候冲突”的定义和普遍化的基本理解提出了质疑。相反,它认为次等人的生活经验和对危险的解释以及他们与冲突的关系需要被定位和集中在这种对话中——不仅仅是作为一个不幸的受害者,而是作为能够设定议程和重新定位这一领域焦点的知识生产者。对洪水和驱逐引发的冲突的研究开始描绘出一个新的未来,以了解如何实现这一目标。
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引用次数: 6
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