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Challenging neoliberal sport: Skateboarding as a resilient cultural practice 挑战新自由主义运动:滑板作为一种有弹性的文化实践
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12671
Rhys Gazeres

This paper argues that research on sporting cultures can illuminate wider debates over the power relations materialised through the fields of cultural practice. Specifically, as neoliberalism has spread across the social realm, sport has come to mirror and reinforce its logics, placing emphasis on individualised competition and ultimately contributing to the reproduction of neoliberal hegemony more generally. Within this, however, alternative movement-based practices have emerged that show resilience to this process, offering alternative futures and new ways of being that are not organised by injustice. This paper examines the case of resilience within skateboarding, a cultural practice that champions participation and community values despite its ongoing incorporation into the neoliberal sport system.

本文认为,对体育文化的研究可以阐明通过文化实践领域物化的权力关系的更广泛的争论。具体来说,随着新自由主义在社会领域的蔓延,体育反映并强化了其逻辑,强调个性化竞争,最终在更广泛的范围内促进了新自由主义霸权的再生产。然而,在这种情况下,基于运动的替代实践已经出现,它们显示出对这一过程的弹性,提供了不受不公正组织的替代未来和新的存在方式。本文考察了滑板运动中的韧性,这是一种倡导参与和社区价值观的文化实践,尽管它正在被纳入新自由主义的体育体系。
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引用次数: 0
When artificial intelligence comes to the Chinese calligraphic landscape: The coming transformation 当人工智能进入中国书法领域:即将到来的变革
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12670
Zhijie Jiang, Jiayuan Yu, Yingying Jin, Anthony Ginn, Jianjun Chen, Guodong Sun

The rise of Artificial intelligence (AI) heralds potentially profound impact on the Chinese calligraphic landscape (CCL). Considering AI's increasing agential capacities, the anthropocentric conception of CCL that presupposes the priority of human identities, emotion, and creative work has been challenged. However, geographers remain quiet about AI-induced transformations up to date. To fill the research gap, this paper seeks to infuse more-than-human geographies into CCL. By taking a post-human approach, cultural geographers would have a novel understanding of human being in the creation of CCL. This paper initially discusses three prominent changes brought by deep learning (DL) in such landscape: a new ontological actor, transitory, and represented space. Responding to these transformations, the paper reconceptualizes the CCL as a post human term and unravels socio-spatial practices and diverse more-than-human geographies beneath such landscapes through three recent foci, namely robotic approaches to the CCL via DL, modeling experience brought about by AI, and human-AI collaboration for the creation of the CCL. Ultimately, this paper inspires geographers to profoundly comprehend CCLs in an era of AI. Through all these attempts, this paper advances insights into CCLs as more-than-humans-made.

人工智能(AI)的兴起预示着对中国书法景观(CCL)的潜在深远影响。考虑到人工智能日益增长的代理能力,以人类身份、情感和创造性工作为先决条件的人类中心主义CCL概念受到了挑战。然而,迄今为止,地理学家对人工智能引发的变革保持沉默。为了填补这一研究空白,本文试图将超越人文的地理学注入CCL。文化地理学家采用后人类视角,将对CCL的创造过程中的人类有一个全新的认识。本文首先讨论了深度学习(DL)在这一领域带来的三个显著变化:新的本体论行动者、暂态空间和表征空间。针对这些转变,本文将CCL重新定义为一个后人类术语,并通过最近的三个焦点,即通过深度学习实现CCL的机器人方法,人工智能带来的建模经验,以及人类与人工智能合作创建CCL,揭示了这种景观下的社会空间实践和多样化的非人类地理。最终激发地理学家对人工智能时代ccl的深刻理解。通过所有这些尝试,本文提出了ccl不仅仅是人类制造的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Transformative enterprises: Characteristics and a definition 变革型企业:特征与定义
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-06 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12667
Miriam Hug, Heike Mayer, Irmi Seidl

This paper contributes to an emerging discussion about transformative enterprises, which are increasingly seen as change agents in sustainability transformations. Some scholars have hitherto described them as pioneering enterprises that strive for fundamental changes towards sustainability at different scales. Economic geography has, however, so far glossed over a micro-perspective on such enterprises. In this paper, we define transformative enterprises in detail by systematically identifying and elaborating their characteristics and actions. We ask: What operationalizable characteristics that refer to transformative enterprises are discussed in the literature? How can we define transformative enterprises? Starting from a comprehensive literature review, we identify nine key dimensions of transformative enterprises that we specify with a set of indicators, and we then synthesize our finding with a definition. With this contribution, we further develop the concept of transformative enterprise in economic geography and show how it complements current conceptualizations of firm-level agency and system-level agency.

本文有助于对转型企业的新兴讨论,这些企业越来越被视为可持续转型的变革推动者。迄今为止,一些学者将它们描述为在不同规模上为实现可持续性而努力进行根本性变革的先锋企业。然而,到目前为止,经济地理学掩盖了对这些企业的微观视角。本文通过系统地识别和阐述变革型企业的特征和行为,对变革型企业进行了详细的定义。我们的问题是:文献中讨论了哪些涉及变革型企业的可操作性特征?我们如何定义变革型企业?从全面的文献回顾开始,我们确定了变革企业的九个关键维度,我们用一组指标指定,然后我们用一个定义综合我们的发现。通过这一贡献,我们进一步发展了经济地理学中变革型企业的概念,并展示了它如何补充当前企业层面代理和系统层面代理的概念。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative urbanism in times of Covid-19 and beyond 新冠肺炎-19及其后时期的城市化比较
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-06 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12666
Carola Fricke, Frances Brill

Living with a pandemic has transformed the everyday lives of citizens globally. For researchers engaged in qualitative comparative approaches that are contingent on travelling across borders, especially those of us living and writing in locations away from where we research, the pandemic has raised practical and methodological questions. Restricted movements and heightened border controls since March 2020 have transformed our practices as early career academics seeking to work alongside, help advance and build on the rich work within urban geography's comparative conversation. In this article, we build on the comparative tradition within urban studies and geography, reflecting on current efforts to challenge dominant paradigms within the discipline(s). We highlight the specific methodological challenges thrown up by the pandemic and address how we sought to work around potential comparative failures and traps. In particular, we focus on the implications of restricted mobilities and accesses to policy making sites for empirical research. We discuss the notions of site and event as potential entry points for studying virtual and material policy spaces, and for geographical research on urban policy making. Our paper contributes to both ongoing debates about the value and practicalities of a comparative urban agenda, and the methodological questions that reflect a re-thinking of our relationships with sites and place, and how this impacts a more cosmopolitan, generative and grounded approach to comparative urban studies in the future.

与疫情共存改变了全球公民的日常生活。对于从事以跨境旅行为条件的定性比较方法的研究人员来说,尤其是我们这些在远离研究地点的地方生活和写作的人来说,这场疫情提出了实践和方法上的问题。自2020年3月以来,限制行动和加强边境管制改变了我们作为早期职业学者的做法,他们寻求在城市地理学的比较对话中与丰富的工作并肩工作,帮助推进和发展。在这篇文章中,我们建立在城市研究和地理学的比较传统之上,反思当前挑战学科中主导范式的努力。我们强调了新冠疫情带来的具体方法挑战,并讨论了我们如何努力解决潜在的相对失败和陷阱。特别是,我们将重点放在限制流动性和访问政策制定网站的影响上进行实证研究。我们讨论了场地和活动的概念,作为研究虚拟和物质政策空间以及城市政策制定地理研究的潜在切入点。我们的论文为正在进行的关于比较城市议程的价值和实用性的辩论做出了贡献,也为方法论问题做出了贡献。这些问题反映了对我们与地点和地点关系的重新思考,以及这将如何影响未来更具世界性、生成性和基础性的比较城市研究方法。[来自作者]
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引用次数: 0
Youth citizenship: Expanding conceptions of the young citizen 青年公民:拓展青年公民的概念
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12669
Bronwyn Elisabeth Wood

While the field of youth citizenship has grown rapidly in the past 2 decades, it still remains a contested idea—not least because of the ‘liminal’ or in-between status that young people occupy between childhood and adulthood. In this paper I propose a conceptual framing that sees youth citizenship at the intersection of youth becoming, being and doing. This framing recognises many of the tensions, complexities and ambiguities of being a young citizen, as well as the potential this holds for understanding the fullness and diversity of youth experiences of citizenship. The paper examines two emerging research streams where youth citizenship researchers illustrate the richness of this conceptual framing in the research fields of youth everyday lived citizenship and digital citizenship.

虽然在过去的20年里,青年公民身份这一领域发展迅速,但它仍然是一个有争议的概念,尤其是因为年轻人在童年和成年之间处于“阈限”或中间地位。在本文中,我提出了一个概念框架,将青年公民身份视为青年成为,存在和行动的交叉点。这一框架承认了作为一个年轻公民的许多紧张、复杂和模糊之处,以及它对理解青年公民经历的丰富性和多样性所具有的潜力。本文考察了两种新兴的研究流,其中青年公民研究人员说明了青年日常生活公民和数字公民研究领域中这一概念框架的丰富性。
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引用次数: 3
Geographies of ethnogenesis and diasporas 人种起源和散居地的地理位置
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12668
Ruben S. Gowricharn

Ethnogenesis, the emergence of an ethnic group, is pivotal to understand ethnic communities and diasporas, specifically the variety of place attachments, new forms of home and place-making and the emergence of new hybridities and identities. Despite its obvious relevance, geographers have devoted much less attention to ethnogenesis. Moreover, in all disciplines, the concept of ethnogenesis is used in different ways, while the relationship between ethnogenesis and diaspora is practically absent. This article argues first for conceptual clarification and suggests differentiation of types of ethnogenesis and diasporas; second, to focus on the relationship between ethnogenesis and diaspora; and, third, to broaden the focus to include the environment in accounting for ethnogenesis and diasporas.

民族起源,一个民族群体的出现,对于理解民族社区和散居,特别是各种各样的地方依恋,新的家庭和地方创造形式以及新的杂交和身份的出现是至关重要的。尽管它有明显的相关性,但地理学家对民族成因的关注要少得多。此外,在所有学科中,民族发生的概念都以不同的方式使用,而民族发生与散居之间的关系实际上是缺席的。本文首先对概念进行了澄清,并提出了种族发生和散居类型的区分;第二,关注民族发生与散居的关系;第三,拓宽研究重点,将环境因素纳入考虑民族形成和散居的因素。
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引用次数: 1
Modeling activity spaces using big geo-data: Progress and challenges 使用大地理数据建模活动空间:进展和挑战
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12663
Yihong Yuan, Yang Xu

The growing availability of big geo-data, such as mobile phone data and location-based social media (LBSM), provides new opportunities and challenges for modeling human activity spaces in the big data era. These datasets often cover a large sample size and can be used to model activity spaces more efficiently than traditional travel surveys. However, these data also have inherent limitations, such as the lack of reliable demographic information of individuals and a low sampling rate. This paper first reviews the strengths and weaknesses of various internal and external activity space indicators. We then discuss the pros and cons of using various new data sources (e.g., georeferenced mobile phone data and LBSM data) for activity space modeling. We believe this review paper is a valuable reference not only for researchers who are interested in activity space modeling based on big geo-data, but also for planners and policy makers who are looking to incorporate new data sources into their future workflow.

越来越多的大地理数据,如移动电话数据和基于位置的社交媒体(LBSM),为大数据时代的人类活动空间建模提供了新的机遇和挑战。这些数据集通常覆盖了很大的样本量,可以比传统的旅行调查更有效地用于模拟活动空间。然而,这些数据也有固有的局限性,如缺乏可靠的个人人口统计信息和低抽样率。本文首先回顾了各种内外活动空间指标的优缺点。然后,我们讨论了使用各种新数据源(例如,地理参考移动电话数据和LBSM数据)进行活动空间建模的利弊。我们相信,这篇综述论文不仅对那些对基于大地理数据的活动空间建模感兴趣的研究人员,而且对那些希望将新数据源纳入未来工作流程的规划人员和政策制定者来说,都是一个有价值的参考。
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引用次数: 2
Actually existing racial capitalism: Financialisation and bordering in UK housing associations 实际存在的种族资本主义:金融化和英国住房协会的边界
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12665
Nick Clare, Nigel de Noronha, Shaun French, Richard Goulding

This paper provides a critical intervention into recent geographical debates on racial capitalism, interrogating the role that Housing Associations (HAs), the main form of UK social housing, play in its (re)production. Housing Associations are institutional, third-sector spaces within which novel forms of financialisation and bordering take place. Race is central to these processes, but insufficient critical attention has been afforded to the intersections of class, race, and migratory status in extant research on UK HAs. Moreover, existing research into housing and racial capitalism is provincial in its North American focus, typically examining home ownership and private renting. We argue this is a significant lacuna given that new and multiple forms of racialised exclusion, inequality, and extraction cohere in social housing. There is accordingly a pressing need for a robust interrogation of racial capitalisms through UK HAs, and of the role of HAs via the conceptual lens of racial capitalism. In concluding, the paper argues for a new focus on ‘actually existing’ racial capitalisms, and the need for detailed analyses of the logics and practices of racial capitalisms across a variety of sites and scales, helping debates move beyond their conceptual heartland in North America.

本文对最近关于种族资本主义的地理辩论进行了批判性的干预,质疑英国社会住房的主要形式——住房协会(HAs)在其(再)生产中所起的作用。住房协会是机构性的第三部门空间,在其中发生了新型的金融化和边界。种族是这些过程的核心,但在现有的英国移民研究中,对阶级、种族和移民身份的交叉点的关注不够。此外,对住房和种族资本主义的现有研究在北美的重点是省级的,通常是检查房屋所有权和私人租赁。鉴于新的和多种形式的种族化排斥、不平等和提取在社会住房中凝聚,我们认为这是一个重大的空白。因此,迫切需要通过英国HAs对种族资本主义进行强有力的讯问,并通过种族资本主义的概念镜头对HAs的作用进行讯问。最后,本文主张重新关注“实际存在的”种族资本主义,并需要对各种地点和规模的种族资本主义的逻辑和实践进行详细分析,帮助辩论超越北美的概念中心。
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引用次数: 1
Creating fairer futures for sustainability transitions 为可持续转型创造更公平的未来
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12662
Louise M. Fitzgerald, Anna R. Davies

Futures thinking is an expanding interdisciplinary field which is seen as a key element of transitioning towards a more sustainable planet and society. Developing fairer futuring is increasingly urgent in the context of the radical reconfiguration of current systems needed to meet complex global sustainability challenges. However, explicit consideration of uneven power and participation and the nature-society relations that feature in contemporary futuring processes has been given little explicit attention to date. This deficit is addressed in this paper through a critical review of dominant futuring approaches and outlining insights from critical perspectives which (a) identify limitations of current futuring approaches and (b) provide important perspectives to help shape fairer futuring in geographical research.

未来思维是一个不断扩大的跨学科领域,被视为向更可持续的地球和社会过渡的关键因素。为了应对复杂的全球可持续性挑战,需要对当前系统进行彻底的重新配置,在这种背景下,发展更公平的未来变得越来越紧迫。然而,明确考虑不平衡的权力和参与以及当代未来进程中特征的自然-社会关系,迄今为止还没有得到明确的关注。本文通过对主流未来方法的批判性回顾来解决这一缺陷,并概述了批判性观点的见解,这些观点(a)确定当前未来方法的局限性,(b)为帮助塑造更公平的地理研究未来提供重要视角。
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引用次数: 2
Advancing disaster geographies: From marginalisation to inclusion of gender and sexual minorities 推进灾害地理:从边缘化到纳入性别和性少数群体
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12664
Billy Tusker Haworth, Scott McKinnon, Christine Eriksen

Despite growing awareness and research into experiences of gender and sexual minorities – also known as lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, intersex, asexual and other identities (LGBTQIA+) – their needs and capacities are often overlooked in crisis response and disaster risk reduction. LGBTQIA+ peoples' vulnerability is shaped by social marginalisation, discrimination, and stigma, and exacerbated by dominant value systems and Western heteronormative framings of disaster experiences. We present a review of scholarship into gender and sexual minorities and disasters. We summarise extant knowledge and identify areas for growth in the field of disaster geographies. We argue that progress requires increased conceptual and methodological focus on diversity and the intersectional factors that exacerbate marginality, more inclusive knowledge production pathways focussed on risk reduction, and establishing methods for LGBTQIA+ people to be involved in research about them. More critical and inclusive research will not only aid progress in disaster geographies; it will also provide vital evidence with which to lobby policymakers and disaster management to pay closer attention to diversity and inclusion. By moving beyond normativity, cisgender-heterosexual assumptions, and homogenising identity labels, we can begin to address social, cultural, and political factors that determine spatial inequalities, marginalisation, and disaster vulnerability for gender and sexual minorities.

尽管对性别和性少数群体(也被称为女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性人、酷儿、双性人、无性恋和其他身份)的经历的认识和研究越来越多,但他们的需求和能力在危机应对和减少灾害风险中往往被忽视。LGBTQIA+人群的脆弱性受到社会边缘化、歧视和污名的影响,并因占主导地位的价值体系和西方对灾难经历的异质规范框架而加剧。我们提出了关于性别和性少数群体与灾难的学术综述。我们总结了现有的知识,并确定了灾害地理领域的增长领域。我们认为,要取得进展,需要在概念和方法上更多地关注多样性和加剧边缘化的交叉因素,更包容地关注降低风险的知识生产途径,并为LGBTQIA+人群建立参与研究的方法。更具批判性和包容性的研究不仅有助于灾害地理研究的进展;它还将为游说决策者和灾害管理部门更加关注多样性和包容性提供重要证据。通过超越规范性、顺异性恋假设和同质化的身份标签,我们可以开始解决社会、文化和政治因素,这些因素决定了性别和性少数群体的空间不平等、边缘化和灾难脆弱性。
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引用次数: 1
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