Anxiety Stress and Coping最新文献

Background/objectives: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is prevalent, yet poorly managed in multiple sclerosis(MS), and exercise training may be an effective treatment option. As an initial, foundational step in considering exercise training as a treatment, we examined the effects of an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise on state anxiety and mood in people with MS prescreened for analogue GAD.

Design/methods: This study followed a randomized, counterbalanced crossover experimental design. We administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory state subscale (STAI-Y1) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) before, immediately after, and 20 min after 20-minutes of moderate-intensity treadmill walking exercise and seated quiet rest in people with MS and analogue GAD. The data were analyzed using a condition-by-time analysis of variance.

Results: There was a large, statistically significant condition-by-time interaction on STAI-Y1 scores (F(2,34) = 5.96, p = .006, η² = .26). STAI-Y1 scores were reduced immediately after (d = 1.00) and 20 min after the exercise condition (d = .75) with no changes after seated rest. There were similar large improvements in overall POMS scores following exercise, but not seated rest.

Conclusions: We provide novel evidence for the benefits of acute moderate-intensity walking exercise on state anxiety and mood among people with MS who have analogue GAD, and this exercise stimulus might be appropriate for the management of GAD in MS.

Background/objectives: The Fear of Missing Out on rewarding experiences (FOMO) is linked with increased and problematic social media use. FOMO is also robustly correlated with negative affectivity constructs. However, research has not yet examined FOMO's relations with underlying dimensions of negative affectivity variables, to discover more specific aspects of negative affectivity with which FOMO may be most related.

Design/methods: We analyzed data from 461 American university students for a web survey conducted in 2024, administering self-report scales assessing FOMO, rumination, negative affect, and depression.

Results: Using confirmatory factor analyses, we discovered that FOMO was significantly more related to rumination's brooding factor than reflection factor. FOMO was equally related to underlying factors of negative affect and depression.

Conclusions: These results help improve our understanding of the psychopathology of FOMO, elucidating its more granular relationship with the brooding type of rumination, and the mechanisms by which FOMO may related to depression and anxiety. Results are discussed in the context of FOMO's relationship with an increased social comparison orientation and social anxiety.

Struggling through the stressful experience of the COVID-19 pandemic can foster posttraumatic growth (PTG), yet its lasting effects are not well understood. The study tracked 2,368 undergraduate and recently graduated students (56% female) between 18 and 30 years old (M = 21.61 years) over four online survey waves, six months apart (September 2022 to May 2024). Path analyses revealed that higher perceived PTG predicted better college adjustment and fewer depressive symptoms one year later, but only among female students. PTG had no effect on anxiety symptoms. COVID-19 stress was linearly associated with PTG, with a weakly curvilinear component. Optimism and social support contributed uniquely to perceived PTG, and social support further moderated the COVID-19 stress-PTG relation such that COVID-19 stress predicted PTG only for students with average and above average social support. These results support the predictive validity of perceived PTG and highlight the value of fostering PTG when coping with adversity, especially among women.

Background: Moral injury (MI) is a potential clinical problem associated with distress following exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs). While previous studies have linked PMIEs to MI outcomes such as shame and trust violation, few have examined the role of pre-enlistment personality traits in predicting MI. This study investigates whether pre-deployment aggression contributes to MI outcomes among recently discharged Israeli combat veterans, both directly and indirectly, through exposure to PMIEs.

Design: A six-year longitudinal study.

Methods: 169 Israeli combat veterans were assessed at four time points: pre-enlistment (T1), pre-deployment (T2), post-deployment (T3), and post-discharge (T4) with validated self-report questionnaires.

Results: Structural equation modeling results showed pre-deployment aggression (T2) significantly predicted post-discharge MI outcomes of shame and trust violation (T4), above and beyond combat exposure and negative life events. Additionally, PMIE-betrayal (T3) emerged as a key mediator linking aggression (T2) to MI outcomes (T4).

Conclusions: Pre-enlistment aggression is a significant risk factor for MI, primarily through its association with betrayal-based PMIEs. These findings highlight the importance of early screening for aggression traits, and the need for targeted interventions to address MI, particularly interventions focused on betrayal-related distress and self-directed moral emotions.

Background: In work and organizational psychology, substantial empirical evidence shows that unfinished tasks act as job stressors, impairing workers' recovery. Building on (Zeigarnik, B. (1927). Das Behalten erledigter und unerledigter Handlungen [The memory of completed and uncompleted actions]. Psychologische Forschung, 9, 1-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02409755) findings on memory advantages for incomplete tasks, we aimed to synthesize the relationships between unfinished work tasks and work-related thoughts during off-job time.Method: We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis at the between-person level (k = 17, N = 2,473) and the within-person level (k = 14, N = 12,129). We meta-analytically tested potential study-related moderators (e.g., work-related thoughts assessment) and identified additional moderators through a qualitative review.Results: Unfinished work tasks were positively related to work-related thoughts during off-job time, with significantly stronger associations at the between-person (ρ_between = .382) than at the within-person level (ρ_within = .247). Associations were strongest for (affective) rumination as the outcome. Among the study characteristics, only the proportion of females emerged as a significant moderator. Additional moderators identified in the qualitative review included goal valence, action regulation and goal-related strategies, trait temporal focus, and supervisory performance expectations.Conclusion: Unfinished work tasks are associated with increased work-related thoughts during off-job time, potentially hindering recovery. A more comprehensive theoretical integration of moderating factors is needed to advance understanding and inform intervention efforts.

Objective: To identify key predictors of Fear of Happiness (FOH) by examining 22 psychological and demographic variables in Turkish and American samples using machine learning.

Methods: Random forest analyses were conducted on cross-sectional data from Turkish (N = 824) and American (N = 973) participants to estimate the relative importance of personality traits, attachment patterns, emotion regulation difficulties, existential beliefs, and demographic factors in predicting FOH.

Results: Existential nihilism and difficulties in emotion regulation emerged as the strongest predictors of FOH in both cultures, followed by insecure attachment styles (anxious and avoidant) and perfectionism. Predictive performance was higher in the American sample. Culture-specific differences were observed, with neuroticism showing greater relative importance in the American sample and loneliness showing greater relative importance in the Turkish sample. Demographic variables (gender, age, and education) and ideological beliefs (religiosity and fatalism) showed minimal importance in both cultures.

Conclusions: The findings indicate that psychological variables (particularly existential nihilism, emotion regulation difficulties, and attachment styles) are more strongly associated with FOH than demographic or ideological factors. These results contribute to a clearer understanding of FOH across cultures, provide data-driven insights, and inform the development of hypotheses for future research.

Background: Although early life adversity (ELA) and life stress (CLS) are robust predictors of mental and physical health conditions in later life, many experience significant stressors without developing psychological or functional impairment. Stress resilience is the process of successfully adapting to stressors, or the maintenance or quick recovery of mental health during and following adversity. This study sought to identify factors associated with greater resiliency, focusing on three mechanisms implicated in the development of mood and anxiety disorders: reward, threat, and executive functioning.

Design & methods: To address these gaps, the current study tested the relationship between resilience to ELA and CLS and reward, threat, and executive functioning in a sample of 190 young adults aged 18-19. Reward, threat, and executive functioning were tested using an extensive battery of behavioral measures.

Results: We found that higher stress resilience was significantly associated with lower social reward sensitivity, but was not associated with our measures of threat and executive functioning.

Conclusions: The findings may indicate that high stress resilience relates to lower dependency upon social feedback.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations among cognitive biases, including negative appraisals, attention to threat, belief inflexibility, and jumping to conclusions, and to examine bidirectional relationships between PTSD symptoms and these biases.

Method: A total of 1,549 trauma-exposed children and adolescents (52.6% male; mean age = 13.66 years, SD = 1.24) were surveyed at baseline and one-year follow-up using self-report questionnaires. Cross-lagged models were used to examine significant associations via path analysis.

Results: Negative appraisals, attention to threat and PTSD symptoms prospectively predicted and were predicted by one another. No significant prospective links were found among attention to threat, belief inflexibility, and jumping to conclusions, although these variables showed strong concurrent correlations. Additionally, baseline PTSD symptoms and negative appraisals were associated with increased belief inflexibility at follow-up.

Conclusions: Our findings reveal a vicious circle involving negative appraisals, attention to threat and PTSD symptoms in trauma-exposed children and adolescents. These cognitive biases play a critical role in the development and maintenance of PTSD. Interventions combining multiple forms of cognitive bias modification may enhance PTSD treatment and prevention.

Background: Conflicts with close others and subsequent affective reactions can have long-term consequences for mental and physical health. Building on recent studies using transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) highlighting the role of the vagus nerve in social functioning, we examined if tVNS can modulate the emotional, physiological, and behavioral responses to a romantic conflict.

Methods: Romantic couples (N_couples= 67; N_individuals= 134) were randomly assigned to tVNS or sham stimulation. Both partners received continuous tVNS or sham stimulation for 15 min before and during a six-minute discussion about a recurring conflict topic. We examined each partner's emotional and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity to conflict and the partners' physiological and behavioral attunement to each other.

Results: Our results revealed no condition differences in emotional experiences, but individuals receiving tVNS (vs. sham stimulation) experienced greater decreases in RSA during conflict. Further, while RSA reactivity synchrony did not differ between conditions, couples in the tVNS (vs. sham stimulation) condition showed greater behavioral synchrony.

Conclusions: This work provides experimental evidence supporting the role of the vagus nerve in modulating reactions to stressful social interactions, highlighting the potential of tVNS to subtly influence couple dynamics at physiological and behavioral levels.

Social anxiety (SA) is a prevalent issue that can hinder social interactions and overall well-being. This study examines how emotional intelligence (EI) mediates the relationship between self-compassion (SC) and SA using meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) based on 64 effect sizes from 52 studies. Our findings indicated a partial mediation model wherein SC exhibited a negative correlation with SA. Furthermore, SC positively influenced EI, which, in turn, demonstrated a negative correlation with SA, suggesting that elevated levels of EI may contribute to a reduction in SA. Our moderation analysis revealed that cultural differences, specifically between Eastern and Western cultures, impact the mediation model. Specifically, the direct effect of SC on SA was stronger in Eastern individuals, whereas EI demonstrated a stronger mediating effect in Western individuals. This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of existing research, highlighting the potential of EI as a mediator in the SC-SA relationship and offering insights into culturally tailored interventions for SA.