Anxiety Stress and Coping最新文献

This study examined the characteristics, developmental trajectories, and associated factors of adolescent anxiety and depression using a longitudinal design. A total of 736 high school students in Gansu Province, China, were followed across a two-month interval. Latent transition analysis (LTA) was used to identify changes in latent symptom profiles over time, and multinomial logistic regression analyses examined associations of internal (neuroticism) and external (negative life events) factors with subgroup membership and transitions.Three distinct latent classes were identified: a low-depression group, a low-symptom group, and a comorbid group. LTA quantified transition probabilities between these classes from Time 1 to Time 2. Overall, class membership showed high stability, although both symptom progression (e.g., transitions from the low-depression group to the low-symptom group) and symptom recovery (e.g., transitions from the comorbid group to lower-symptom groups) were observed.Further analyses indicated that neuroticism and negative life events correlated with baseline subgroup classification, with negative life events additionally related to transitions between groups. Gender had no significant effect on the occurrence and development of short-term anxiety and depression. These findings highlight the heterogeneity and dynamic nature of adolescent anxiety and depression and underscore the role of contextual stressors in short-term symptom development.

Background: Emotion polyregulation is an essential aspect of responding to stressful events by employing multiple strategies to influence one's emotions. The patterns of emotion polyregulation that effectively mitigate negative affect remain largely unknown.

Objectives: The aim of the current study is to examine the relationship between adaptive real-world usage of daily emotion polyregulation and daily negative affect, considering differences in emotional intensity and momentary synergistic strategy selection.

Methods: During March-June 2023, 106 university students completed a 7-day ecological momentary assessment procedure reporting on emotion polyregulation usage and negative affect between two in-person lab sessions, with supplementary measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive control ability.

Results: Higher event intensity and lower emotion dysregulation predicted greater strategy use during an emotional event. Additionally, greater event intensity and emotion dysregulation predicted greater daily negative affect. Within instances of polyregulation, greater use of situation selection and reinterpretation predicted lower daily negative affect.

Conclusions: These findings shed light on which individual differences and situational factors predict emotion polyregulation use. Practically, these findings can inform the development of targeted emotion polyregulation interventions that train individuals to deploy adaptive strategies (i.e., situation selection and reinterpretation) particularly in high-intensity contexts where regulation is most needed.

Background: Early adulthood and commencing university coincide with new life circumstances for many students which increases exposure to negative life events (NLE). Such events can have lasting impacts on student mental health. An exploratory study was conducted in a student sample to examine the frequency of NLE, event co-occurrence, and associated mental health outcomes.

Methods: Six-hundred-and-fifty university students completed the Negative Life Events Scale for Students and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale. Normative data was examined for NLE's experienced by women and men across the lifespan, and in the last 12-months to provide an overview of students' experience. An exploratory factor analysis on the experience of NLE in the last 12-months examined co-occurrence of events and associated vulnerability.

Results: Ninety-eight percent of students experienced at least one NLE, and 50% were experienced in the last 12-months. Events relating to academic problems and domestic violence were associated with poorer mental health, were common, and occurred relatively recently. Six factors were identified demonstrating some NLE co-occur.

Conclusions: These findings confirm the high prevalence of NLE among university students, with psychological/addiction issues and academic pressures had the strongest associations with poorer mental health. Findings may inform targeted student mental health support programs.

Background and objectives: The emotion belief and emotion regulation pathways that shape negative (posttraumatic depreciation; PTD) and positive adaptation (posttraumatic growth; PTG) following daily life stressors are poorly understood. This longitudinal study examined how emotion beliefs and emotion regulation strategies influence PTD and PTG, and subsequent mental (depression, anxiety, stress) and physical health (headaches, gastrointestinal problems, respiratory infections, sleep disturbances) symptoms.

Design and method: A longitudinal panel design was used. British participants (N = 627) completed an online survey measuring life stressors, emotion beliefs, emotion regulation, PTD and PTG, and mental and physical health at two time points six months apart (October 2021 and April 2022).

Results: The path model explained 18-21% of the variance in mental and physical health outcomes. Cognitive mediation and emotion beliefs were negatively and positively related to PTD. Maladaptive emotion regulation was positively associated with PTD, and worse mental and physical health. Adaptive emotion regulation was positively related to PTG, and less depressive and stress symptoms. PTG was negatively related to depression, and PTD was negatively associated with mental and physical health.

Conclusions: Distinct pathways to PTD and PTG operate through superordinate emotion beliefs and emotion regulation. Interventions targeting emotion beliefs and emotion regulation may improve mental and physical health following adversity.

Background and objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, we tested the efficacy of a one-week online security prime (SP) writing intervention in reducing distress among 254 adults (60+ years and/or having an underlying health condition). The efficacy of writing interventions can depend on several factors. Attachment orientations, characterized by dimensions of anxiety and avoidance, reflect individuals' tendencies in how they seek proximity to and rely on others for support, and influence how people experience and regulate their emotions.

Design and methods: Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: Security Priming (SP), where people wrote about what made them feel safe and secure, Self-regulation (SR), where people wrote about their pandemic-related stressors, coping, and lifestyle changes, or a Control group (C); they also completed pre- and post-intervention measures.

Results: Our hypothesis that the SP condition would outperform the SR and C conditions in reducing distress, was not supported. In the SP condition, attachment avoidance demonstrated a negative relationship with distress at follow-up, unlike the other two conditions. Further, those in the SP condition demonstrated a negative relationship between attachment anxiety and distress at follow-up.

Conclusions: The SP writing intervention was impactful for those insecurely attached and may have utility in other loss-related contexts beyond COVID-19.

Background: Family history of alcohol use disorder (FHA) is posited to convey its risk on problematic drinking partly through how individuals react to stressful situations. Research thus far has found equivocal results, with some studies concluding that FHA is associated with heightened stress-reactivity and others finding FHA associated with blunted stress-reactivity. In addition, the preponderance of this research has been conducted using laboratory-based paradigms, raising questions about the ecological validity of the findings. The purpose of the current study was to further clarify the association between FHA and affective reactions to two types of stress (social and academic stress) using an ecologically valid, intensive-longitudinal research design.

Methods: Participants were 1,606 undergraduate students (54% women) who completed a baseline survey, including questions related to family history of alcohol use, and who subsequently completed a 30-day daily diary reporting on their daily stress and affective states.

Results: Results showed a weaker positive association between social stress and anxiety and depressive affect among individuals with more paternal alcohol use disorder symptoms, consistent with a blunted stress-reactivity perspective.

Conclusions: The results add to the current literature, providing a direction for future research to continue to clarify the nature of FHA and stress-reactivity.

Background and objectives: COVID Stress Syndrome (CSS) is a new type of health anxiety triggered by the COVID epidemic. However, we know little about the causal relationship with CSS symptoms and the temporal and dynamic interactions between symptoms and cognitive processes associated with health anxiety.

Design: During the epidemic of COVID-19, 193 Chinese university students completed experience sampling methods on CSS symptoms and related constructs of health anxiety three times a day for 14 days.

Methods: Multilevel vector autoregressive (mlVAR) models were used to estimate contemporaneous and temporal networks at the within-person level.

Results: (1) The CSS symptoms were divided into two periods of growth and maintenance during these 14 days. (2) The COVID-19 traumatic stress dimension played a crucial role in maintaining the symptom network. (3) Catastrophizing of bodily sensations and rumination formed a positive feedback loop with COVID traumatic stress symptoms dimension of the CSS.

Conclusion: This study advances the current understanding of CSS at the symptom level and temporal dynamics. The results suggest that the COVID traumatic stress dimension is a core mechanism for CSS maintenance and could be a point of focus for intervention and treatment in clinical practice.

There is strong evidence that accumulation of stressful life events (SLEs) contributes to depressive episodes, but the effect of cumulative SLEs on longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms in the general population is less well understood. In a pre-registered analysis involving multi-group Bayesian piecewise growth curve modeling applied to nationally representative data from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health, we investigated whether, over 36 years, among women aged 45-50 at baseline, the effects of cumulative SLEs on depression symptoms are positive ("sensitizing") or negative ("steeling"), and additive or non-additive (interaction or threshold). Participants were grouped based on the number of SLEs experienced over the first 24 years of the study period: 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, or 20-24. Groups were propensity-score-matched at baseline. While groups differed on mental and physical health at baseline, no group exhibited an increase in depressive symptoms following their final SLE. Moreover, groups with the most SLEs exhibited faster declines in depressive symptoms. There was significant heterogeneity of trajectories within groups. The findings contribute to the growing literature supporting the steeling hypothesis, and suggest that, if SLEs increase the severity of depressive symptoms, they do so in small sub-populations that require further research attention.

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether adolescents employ different profiles of coping, how profiles transition, and how transitions influence adolescents' depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and posttraumatic growth (PTG).

Method: We surveyed 585 Chinese adolescents (Age: M = 15.50, SD = 1.58) 12 (T1), 21 (T2), 27 (T3) months after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. We used latent profile analysis and random intercept latent transition analysis in identifying emergent profiles and transitions of coping, and examined their associations with depressive symptoms, PTSS, and PTG.

Results: We identified three profiles (Low Generic Copers; Problem-focused Copers; High Generic Copers) that formed seven transitions. Stable low or high generic coping and the transition from low to high generic coping were related with high distress and high growth; stable high problem-focused, low emotion-focused coping or transitions from high problem-focused coping to low or high generic coping were related with low distress and high growth; transition from high to low generic coping was related with low distress and low growth.

Conclusions: The findings highlight that adolescent employ heterogeneous coping strategies that dynamically transition over time.

Background and Objectives:People search the internet for health information, although this increases anxiety and worry, particularly in the health-anxious. Applying the avoidance theory of worrying, we tested whether online health research serves to emotionally distance oneself from illness.Design and Method: Googling long COVID was compared to imagery of suffering from the disease in 60 participants. We assumed that anxiety responses to googling would be lower than during imagery, but higher than during baseline. Self-report, skin conductance (SCL), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and respiration rate (RR) indicated anxiety.Results: SCL was higher during imagery than googling. However, HR, high frequency HRV and RR signaled stronger activation by googling than imagery. Physiological measures demonstrated a stronger anxiety response to googling compared to baseline. Regarding self-report, an interaction effect of sequence and condition emerged. Those who started with googling reported higher levels of anxiety during imagery. Among participants who began with imagery, anxiety was elevated during googling compared to baseline, but there were no significant differences when compared to anxiety during imagery.Conclusions: Results at least partially support the notion that health-related internet research may serve to avoid the physical and self-reported anxiety responses.