Anxiety Stress and Coping最新文献

Background and Objectives: The cortisol awakening response (CAR) refers to a phenomenon characterized by a significant increase in cortisol levels following morning awakening. Previous studies have shown that an aberrant CAR is associated with stress-related disorders. However, there is a lack of prospective longitudinal studies examining whether individual differences in the CAR can predict daily stress reactivity.Design and Methods: In a sample of 68 healthy college students (23.5% female, Mage = 18.77, SD = 0.97), saliva samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, and 45 min after awakening on three consecutive days. The participants were then asked to report their daily perceived stress and daily negative affect for a period of 30 days, 18 months later, during the COVID-19-related lockdown in the region.Results: The results indicated that a higher CAR at the beginning of the COVID pandemic was associated with lower levels of daily negative affect assessed 18 months later. Furthermore, the CAR modulated the link between daily perceived stress and negative affect. Specifically, individuals with a higher CAR were more reactive to perceived stress in their daily lives.Conclusions: The present findings provide insights into the psychobiological mechanisms that connect daily stress with mental health.

Background and objective: A stress-is-enhancing mindset refers to viewing the nature of stress as enhancing rather than debilitating and has been linked to better mental health in response to stressors. We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal link between stress mindset and two mental health outcomes, depressive symptoms and cannabis use, over the COVID-19 pandemic in a diverse sample of adolescents.

Design and methods: A community sample of adolescents completed measures assessing depressive symptoms, cannabis use, and intentions to use cannabis at three time points (T1: 2018-2020, N = 299, T2: 2020, N = 219, T3: 2021, N = 173). Participants completed the stress mindset measure at T2.

Results: Cross-sectionally, a more stress-is-enhancing mindset was associated with fewer depressive symptoms and reduced intentions to use cannabis, which in turn were associated with less cannabis use. Longitudinally, a more stress-is-enhancing mindset was associated with fewer depressive symptoms and indirectly associated with less future cannabis use through behavioral intentions to use cannabis.

Conclusion: This study establishes a stress-is-enhancing mindset as a protective factor against cannabis use and contributes to a growing literature that stress mindset is protective against depression, indicating that stress mindset may be an important protective factor even in the face of naturalistic, chronic stressors.

Individuals with anxiety and social anxiety direct their attention toward emotionally neutral task-irrelevant distractors. However, what happens after attention is paid to neutral distractors remains unknown. This study examined whether attention to distractors enhances long-term memory (LTM) of distractors in individuals with anxiety and social anxiety. Participants performed a visual-search task using real-world objects under either anxiety induction (Experiment 1) or no anxiety induction (Experiment 2). Subsequently, in the surprise-recognition task, participants were required to indicate whether an object had been shown in the visual-search task. The results showed that anxiety and social anxiety, especially the fear of negative evaluation, positively correlated with attentional bias toward neutral distractors. Moreover, mediation analysis showed significant indirect effects of anxiety and social anxiety on LTM through attentional bias. These results suggest that individuals with anxiety and social anxiety involuntarily direct their attention to distractors, which enhances their LTM.

Background: Anxiety was prevalent among emerging adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the Conservation of Resources Theory, our goal was to investigate the relations among emotional support, social interaction, COVID-19 news exposure and anxiety symptoms in emerging adults during the early COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Using the COVID-Dynamic dataset, we analyzed data from the first three waves (April 4-18, 2020), resulting in a total of 569 valid participants aged 18-29, with 46.2% identifying as female and a mean age of 23.88 years. The Gaussian Graphical Model was applied to estimate the network models.

Results: Contemporaneous network indicated that anxiety symptoms were related to emotional support, social interaction and COVID-19 news exposure. Temporal network revealed bidirectional relations between emotional support and anxiety, and between COVID-19 news exposure and anxiety. Several anxiety symptoms predicted social interaction one week later. Emotional support was a significant predictor of anxiety symptoms. "I feel nervous" had the highest strength value in the contemporaneous network. "I feel indecisive" had the highest in-strength centrality in the temporal network.

Conclusions: Findings partially support the COR theory and emphasize the need to reevaluate the role of emotional support in the theory.

Elite sport involves confronting stressors that can disrupt athletes' functionality and harm their psychological well-being. Reflecting on these stressors is crucial for gaining insights into coping strategies and future adaptations. We aimed to examine the coping insights developed from engagement in these reflective practices. Via a qualitative analysis of a pilot randomized controlled trial, athletes were randomized to a self-distanced (n = 33) or self-immersed condition (n = 33) and guided to reflect systematically on a key stressor each week over a five-week period. Using an established self-reflection and coping insight framework to guide our framework analysis, we interpreted both similarities and differences between groups across various coping insights. Athletes exhibited signs of self-awareness, trigger identification, and re-appraisal, regardless of their reflective perspective. However, athletes from both groups reported limited insight into values consideration, evaluation, and fostering a future-focus. Stressors reported by athletes were predominantly mild in magnitude or "everyday" in nature. Our findings highlight the need for robust examinations of the self-reflection approach to unlock higher-level insights (future-focus, evaluation of coping strategies) that can enhance resilient capacities. Challenges with recruitment and retention highlights the need for pilot and feasibility analyzes before progressing to fully powered randomized controlled trials with athlete populations.

There is strong evidence that accumulation of stressful life events (SLEs) contributes to depressive episodes, but the effect of cumulative SLEs on longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms in the general population is less well understood. In a pre-registered analysis involving multi-group Bayesian piecewise growth curve modeling applied to nationally representative data from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health, we investigated whether, over 36 years, among women aged 45-50 at baseline, the effects of cumulative SLEs on depression symptoms are positive ("sensitizing") or negative ("steeling"), and additive or non-additive (interaction or threshold). Participants were grouped based on the number of SLEs experienced over the first 24 years of the study period: 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, or 20-24. Groups were propensity-score-matched at baseline. While groups differed on mental and physical health at baseline, no group exhibited an increase in depressive symptoms following their final SLE. Moreover, groups with the most SLEs exhibited faster declines in depressive symptoms. There was significant heterogeneity of trajectories within groups. The findings contribute to the growing literature supporting the steeling hypothesis, and suggest that, if SLEs increase the severity of depressive symptoms, they do so in small sub-populations that require further research attention.

Background: Family history of alcohol use disorder (FHA) is posited to convey its risk on problematic drinking partly through how individuals react to stressful situations. Research thus far has found equivocal results, with some studies concluding that FHA is associated with heightened stress-reactivity and others finding FHA associated with blunted stress-reactivity. In addition, the preponderance of this research has been conducted using laboratory-based paradigms, raising questions about the ecological validity of the findings. The purpose of the current study was to further clarify the association between FHA and affective reactions to two types of stress (social and academic stress) using an ecologically valid, intensive-longitudinal research design.

Methods: Participants were 1,606 undergraduate students (54% women) who completed a baseline survey, including questions related to family history of alcohol use, and who subsequently completed a 30-day daily diary reporting on their daily stress and affective states.

Results: Results showed a weaker positive association between social stress and anxiety and depressive affect among individuals with more paternal alcohol use disorder symptoms, consistent with a blunted stress-reactivity perspective.

Conclusions: The results add to the current literature, providing a direction for future research to continue to clarify the nature of FHA and stress-reactivity.

Background and objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, we tested the efficacy of a one-week online security prime (SP) writing intervention in reducing distress among 254 adults (60+ years and/or having an underlying health condition). The efficacy of writing interventions can depend on several factors. Attachment orientations, characterized by dimensions of anxiety and avoidance, reflect individuals' tendencies in how they seek proximity to and rely on others for support, and influence how people experience and regulate their emotions.

Design and methods: Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: Security Priming (SP), where people wrote about what made them feel safe and secure, Self-regulation (SR), where people wrote about their pandemic-related stressors, coping, and lifestyle changes, or a Control group (C); they also completed pre- and post-intervention measures.

Results: Our hypothesis that the SP condition would outperform the SR and C conditions in reducing distress, was not supported. In the SP condition, attachment avoidance demonstrated a negative relationship with distress at follow-up, unlike the other two conditions. Further, those in the SP condition demonstrated a negative relationship between attachment anxiety and distress at follow-up.

Conclusions: The SP writing intervention was impactful for those insecurely attached and may have utility in other loss-related contexts beyond COVID-19.

Background: This study uses network analysis to explore how job demands and resources may proliferate and interconnect within the workplace.

Objectives: To examine how demands and resources escalate and form ecologies by mapping their interconnections within workplace dynamics.

Design: We capitalized on a large-scale cross-sectional data collection in Navy personnel preparing for deployment.

Methods: Data were collected via paper-survey from 558 participants (75.8% males; Mage  = 30.22 years). A diversity of demands and resources were measured including from distinct sources.

Results: Resources were extensively and positively interconnected, consistent with the resource spirals concept. Distal resources were connected via job control and organizational-based self-esteem. In contrast, demands were more compartmentalized. Positive links between demands across domains, especially those involving interpersonal conflict, suggest that social mechanisms may underlie their interconnection.

Conclusions: These findings suggest how interconnected resources may help strengthen resource ecologies within organizations, while minimizing demand interconnectivity could reduce strain. The observed structure suggests that social factors may support the association between distinct resources (e.g., organizational-based self-esteem) or demands (i.e., interpersonal conflict), suggesting a role in resource or demand spirals. This highlights the potential role of psychological needs, particularly autonomy and relatedness, in shaping resource networks and creating more supportive workplace conditions.

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether adolescents employ different profiles of coping, how profiles transition, and how transitions influence adolescents' depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and posttraumatic growth (PTG).

Method: We surveyed 585 Chinese adolescents (Age: M = 15.50, SD = 1.58) 12 (T1), 21 (T2), 27 (T3) months after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. We used latent profile analysis and random intercept latent transition analysis in identifying emergent profiles and transitions of coping, and examined their associations with depressive symptoms, PTSS, and PTG.

Results: We identified three profiles (Low Generic Copers; Problem-focused Copers; High Generic Copers) that formed seven transitions. Stable low or high generic coping and the transition from low to high generic coping were related with high distress and high growth; stable high problem-focused, low emotion-focused coping or transitions from high problem-focused coping to low or high generic coping were related with low distress and high growth; transition from high to low generic coping was related with low distress and low growth.

Conclusions: The findings highlight that adolescent employ heterogeneous coping strategies that dynamically transition over time.