Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101122
Linquan Chen , Yao Chen , Alok Kumar , Woon Sau Leung
Using a novel dataset with daily firm-level ESG information, we examine whether and how active mutual fund managers integrate ESG information into their portfolio decisions. Our results show that managers actively trade on ESG information, leading to improved portfolio performance. This enhanced risk-adjusted return is attributed to the incorporation of ESG information into asset prices rather than to price pressure on green assets. Additionally, fund managers adjust their portfolios to cater to investor demand, especially during periods of heightened ESG awareness. Further, funds located in Democratic states and those with higher ESG ratings exhibit a stronger inclination towards ESG integration.
{"title":"Firm-level ESG information and active fund management","authors":"Linquan Chen , Yao Chen , Alok Kumar , Woon Sau Leung","doi":"10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a novel dataset with daily firm-level ESG information, we examine whether and how active mutual fund managers integrate ESG information into their portfolio decisions. Our results show that managers actively trade on ESG information, leading to improved portfolio performance. This enhanced risk-adjusted return is attributed to the incorporation of ESG information into asset prices rather than to price pressure on green assets. Additionally, fund managers adjust their portfolios to cater to investor demand, especially during periods of heightened ESG awareness. Further, funds located in Democratic states and those with higher ESG ratings exhibit a stronger inclination towards ESG integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Intermediation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101116
Philipp J. König , Paul Mayer , David Pothier
When will a policy authority (PA) resolve a bank whose solvency is uncertain? Delaying resolution gives the PA time to obtain information about the bank’s solvency. Delaying resolution also gives creditors time to withdraw funds, raising the cost of bailing out depositors. The optimal resolution date trades off these costs with the option value of making a more efficient resolution decision given new information. Providing liquidity support buys the PA time to wait for information, but increases its losses if the bank turns out to be insolvent. The PA may therefore optimally delay the provision of liquidity support.
政策制定机构 (PA) 何时解决偿付能力不确定的银行？推迟决议可使政策当局有时间获取有关银行偿付能力的信息。延迟破产也会给债权人提取资金的时间，从而增加救助储户的成本。最佳的破产清算日期是将这些成本与在获得新信息的情况下做出更有效的破产清算决策的期权价值进行权衡。提供流动性支持可以为 PA 赢得等待信息的时间，但如果银行最终资不抵债，则会增加 PA 的损失。因此，公共权力机构可以推迟提供流动性支持。
{"title":"Optimal timing of policy interventions in troubled banks","authors":"Philipp J. König , Paul Mayer , David Pothier","doi":"10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When will a policy authority (PA) resolve a bank whose solvency is uncertain? Delaying resolution gives the PA time to obtain information about the bank’s solvency. Delaying resolution also gives creditors time to withdraw funds, raising the cost of bailing out depositors. The optimal resolution date trades off these costs with the option value of making a more efficient resolution decision given new information. Providing liquidity support buys the PA time to wait for information, but increases its losses if the bank turns out to be insolvent. The PA may therefore optimally delay the provision of liquidity support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Intermediation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101117
Dong Beom Choi , Tanju Yorulmazer
We provide a theoretical framework to analyze the market maker of last resort (MMLR) role of central banks. Central bank announcement to purchase assets in case of distress promotes private agents’ willingness to make markets, which immediately restores liquidity decreasing the need for future intervention. That is, the central bank can reduce the usage of the facility ex post by announcing a large capacity ex ante. This comes with potential fragility due to the possibility of multiple equilibria. Central bank can eliminate the bad equilibrium by announcing a large enough facility. However, fragility resurfaces if market participants doubt central bank’s commitment. Furthermore, permanent access to MMLR may crowd out private liquidity making the intervention ineffective.
{"title":"Whatever it takes? Market maker of last resort and its fragility","authors":"Dong Beom Choi , Tanju Yorulmazer","doi":"10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We provide a theoretical framework to analyze the market maker of last resort (MMLR) role of central banks. Central bank announcement to purchase assets in case of distress promotes private agents’ willingness to make markets, which immediately restores liquidity decreasing the need for future intervention. That is, the central bank can reduce the usage of the facility ex post by announcing a large capacity ex ante. This comes with potential fragility due to the possibility of multiple equilibria. Central bank can eliminate the bad equilibrium by announcing a large enough facility. However, fragility resurfaces if market participants doubt central bank’s commitment. Furthermore, permanent access to MMLR may crowd out private liquidity making the intervention ineffective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Intermediation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101115
Junyong Lee , Kyounghun Lee , Frederick Dongchuhl Oh
This study aims to examine whether religion influences branch banking. Using a large sample of U.S. county-level branch banking and religious characteristics data between 1994 and 2018, we find that the local religiosity of the bank headquarters’ region is positively related to the presence of bank branches. By contrast, banks in regions with more Catholics than Protestants are less likely to have branches. Moreover, religious diversity negatively affects branch banking. Overall, our study highlights the significant role of local religions in branch-banking decisions.
{"title":"Religion and branch banking","authors":"Junyong Lee , Kyounghun Lee , Frederick Dongchuhl Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to examine whether religion influences branch banking. Using a large sample of U.S. county-level branch banking and religious characteristics data between 1994 and 2018, we find that the local religiosity of the bank headquarters’ region is positively related to the presence of bank branches. By contrast, banks in regions with more Catholics than Protestants are less likely to have branches. Moreover, religious diversity negatively affects branch banking. Overall, our study highlights the significant role of local religions in branch-banking decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Intermediation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101118
Kristian Blickle , João A.C. Santos
We make use of rich U.S. data to show that debt overhang significantly reduces firm asset-, capex-, and employee-growth. We show these contractions are likely driven by firm decisions as opposed to the result of credit constraints or changes in investment opportunities. Our measure of overhang – liabilities to cash flow — aligns with traditional theory and focuses on the importance of a firm’s debt servicing capacity. It further allows us to capitalize on the COVID-19 shock as a quasi-natural experiment to confirm the impact of overhang on firm investment and growth.
{"title":"The costs of corporate debt overhang","authors":"Kristian Blickle , João A.C. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We make use of rich U.S. data to show that debt overhang significantly reduces firm asset-, capex-, and employee-growth. We show these contractions are likely driven by firm decisions as opposed to the result of credit constraints or changes in investment opportunities. Our measure of overhang – liabilities to cash flow — aligns with traditional theory and focuses on the importance of a firm’s debt servicing capacity. It further allows us to capitalize on the COVID-19 shock as a quasi-natural experiment to confirm the impact of overhang on firm investment and growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Intermediation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101114
Sonny Biswas , Kostas Koufopoulos , Anjan V. Thakor
We develop a model in which credit ratings are endogenously coarse relative to the underlying default probabilities, and ratings precision is countercyclical. Ratings coarseness arises from the profit-maximizing behavior of rating agencies, and coarseness may maximize welfare even when greater ratings precision is costlessly available. Because the private outcome may differ from the socially desirable outcome, a social planner can improve welfare by putting a ceiling (floor) on the rating agency’s fee if the desired outcome is coarseness (precision). Strikingly, when information production is costless, ratings coarseness is socially optimal, but it does not arise in the laissez-faire equilibrium, thus inviting regulatory intervention.
{"title":"Can information imprecision be valuable? The case of credit ratings","authors":"Sonny Biswas , Kostas Koufopoulos , Anjan V. Thakor","doi":"10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We develop a model in which credit ratings are endogenously coarse relative to the underlying default probabilities, and ratings precision is countercyclical. Ratings coarseness arises from the profit-maximizing behavior of rating agencies, and coarseness may maximize welfare even when greater ratings precision is costlessly available. Because the private outcome may differ from the socially desirable outcome, a social planner can improve welfare by putting a ceiling (floor) on the rating agency’s fee if the desired outcome is coarseness (precision). Strikingly, when information production is costless, ratings coarseness is socially optimal, but it does not arise in the laissez-faire equilibrium, thus inviting regulatory intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Intermediation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101120
Cecilia Parlatore
In a banking model with imperfect information, I find that more precise information increases the economy’s vulnerability to bank runs. For low information quality, depositors cannot distinguish bad from good states based on their information and, absent liquidity shocks, have no incentives to withdraw early. As information quality increases and signals become more informative, depositors’ incentives to withdraw strengthen and run-proof contracts become costlier in risk-sharing terms: to prevent runs, the bank must offer less to early withdrawers. When information quality is high enough, the bank would rather forgo return and hold excess liquidity than choose a run-proof deposit contract.
{"title":"Transparency and bank runs","authors":"Cecilia Parlatore","doi":"10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a banking model with imperfect information, I find that more precise information increases the economy’s vulnerability to bank runs. For low information quality, depositors cannot distinguish bad from good states based on their information and, absent liquidity shocks, have no incentives to withdraw early. As information quality increases and signals become more informative, depositors’ incentives to withdraw strengthen and run-proof contracts become costlier in risk-sharing terms: to prevent runs, the bank must offer less to early withdrawers. When information quality is high enough, the bank would rather forgo return and hold excess liquidity than choose a run-proof deposit contract.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Intermediation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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