Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2022.2029631
Kris Prentice, C. Hand, L. Misener, J. Hopkins
Abstract As the global population ages, older adults may move to new homes, experiencing changes in their social and physical environments. Leisure has been linked to adjusting to these changes by promoting maintenance of identity and socialization. The purpose of this scoping review is to synthesize literature regarding leisure’s relation to older adults’ adaptation to new homes. Findings suggest leisure is linked to adaptation to new homes by providing a sense of continuity, belonging and connection. Additionally, the physical, institutional and social environments of the new home can facilitate or hinder leisure participation. This review adds to the discussion of leisure’s inter-relationships with sense of home and identity of older adults moving to new homes. This review suggests practitioners, residence planners and policy makers can develop strategies that help older adults maintain social networks and leisure opportunities following transitions into new environments. This review identified gaps and areas for future research.
{"title":"Leisure’s relation to older adults adapting to new homes: A scoping review","authors":"Kris Prentice, C. Hand, L. Misener, J. Hopkins","doi":"10.1080/00222216.2022.2029631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2022.2029631","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the global population ages, older adults may move to new homes, experiencing changes in their social and physical environments. Leisure has been linked to adjusting to these changes by promoting maintenance of identity and socialization. The purpose of this scoping review is to synthesize literature regarding leisure’s relation to older adults’ adaptation to new homes. Findings suggest leisure is linked to adaptation to new homes by providing a sense of continuity, belonging and connection. Additionally, the physical, institutional and social environments of the new home can facilitate or hinder leisure participation. This review adds to the discussion of leisure’s inter-relationships with sense of home and identity of older adults moving to new homes. This review suggests practitioners, residence planners and policy makers can develop strategies that help older adults maintain social networks and leisure opportunities following transitions into new environments. This review identified gaps and areas for future research.","PeriodicalId":51428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Leisure Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"615 - 642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59262211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2022.2081006
P. Heintzman
Life course refers to the transitions of a person’s development as one moves from infant to older adult and through possible life stages such as spouse or parent (Singleton, 2013). As one enters and leaves different stages of the life course, leisure opportunities and behaviors may vary and change (Mannell & Kleiber, 1997). The seven papers in this theme issue give snapshots into some groups at certain life stages (college students, youth, Generation Y women, mothers, older adults) in various places around the globe (e.g., India, Taiwan, the United States), thereby enhancing our understanding of the complexity and variety of leisure throughout the life course. Using cluster analysis, Hartman et al. (2022) investigated the relationships between free time perceptions, well-being and identity development among emerging adults with an average age of 20.07 years who attended college at a university in the southeastern United States. The resulting four clusters differed significantly in their levels of free time awareness (cognitive perceptions) and boredom (affective perceptions). Lack of free time opportunities and higher levels of boredom were associated with mental health issues, while approaches to free time use reflected and affected identity formation which is central to the development of emerging adults. On the other side of the world in India, Deshbandhu et al. (2022) explored with qualitative interviews and co-playing observations the engagement of five youth, ranging in age from 21 to 28 years, in the game Pok emon Go. Using Soja’s (1996) concept of “thirdspace,” this paper suggests that in rapidly urbanizing India where there are fewer opportunities for physical play and social interaction, Pok emon Go creates hybrid habitats where participants generate their own meanings of leisure, youth, and gaming that facilitate empowerment and initiative among the participants. The next study, by Ho (2022), utilized the social exchange framework to investigate the social leisure activities of 18 urban Taiwanese women aged 28 to 37 who belong to Generation Y. Social leisure activities were motivated by both extrinsic motivations such as friendship and socializing and the intrinsic motivations of meeting one’s emotional needs. Thus, social leisure activities characterized by positive emotion and commitment, in addition to being leisure settings, were contexts for enlarging social networks and relationships as well as nourishing the positive effects of happiness and satisfaction. In a study completed in North Carolina, MacNell et al. (2022) conducted interviews with 138 low-income mothers, with an average age of 34 years, to examine how motherhood shaped their decisions and capability to participate in physical activity during leisure time as well as to understand facilitators and barriers to this activity. Although participants tended to believe that physical activity was important for a healthy lifestyle, they identified several barriers to this activ
{"title":"Introduction to theme issue on leisure across the life course","authors":"P. Heintzman","doi":"10.1080/00222216.2022.2081006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2022.2081006","url":null,"abstract":"Life course refers to the transitions of a person’s development as one moves from infant to older adult and through possible life stages such as spouse or parent (Singleton, 2013). As one enters and leaves different stages of the life course, leisure opportunities and behaviors may vary and change (Mannell & Kleiber, 1997). The seven papers in this theme issue give snapshots into some groups at certain life stages (college students, youth, Generation Y women, mothers, older adults) in various places around the globe (e.g., India, Taiwan, the United States), thereby enhancing our understanding of the complexity and variety of leisure throughout the life course. Using cluster analysis, Hartman et al. (2022) investigated the relationships between free time perceptions, well-being and identity development among emerging adults with an average age of 20.07 years who attended college at a university in the southeastern United States. The resulting four clusters differed significantly in their levels of free time awareness (cognitive perceptions) and boredom (affective perceptions). Lack of free time opportunities and higher levels of boredom were associated with mental health issues, while approaches to free time use reflected and affected identity formation which is central to the development of emerging adults. On the other side of the world in India, Deshbandhu et al. (2022) explored with qualitative interviews and co-playing observations the engagement of five youth, ranging in age from 21 to 28 years, in the game Pok emon Go. Using Soja’s (1996) concept of “thirdspace,” this paper suggests that in rapidly urbanizing India where there are fewer opportunities for physical play and social interaction, Pok emon Go creates hybrid habitats where participants generate their own meanings of leisure, youth, and gaming that facilitate empowerment and initiative among the participants. The next study, by Ho (2022), utilized the social exchange framework to investigate the social leisure activities of 18 urban Taiwanese women aged 28 to 37 who belong to Generation Y. Social leisure activities were motivated by both extrinsic motivations such as friendship and socializing and the intrinsic motivations of meeting one’s emotional needs. Thus, social leisure activities characterized by positive emotion and commitment, in addition to being leisure settings, were contexts for enlarging social networks and relationships as well as nourishing the positive effects of happiness and satisfaction. In a study completed in North Carolina, MacNell et al. (2022) conducted interviews with 138 low-income mothers, with an average age of 34 years, to examine how motherhood shaped their decisions and capability to participate in physical activity during leisure time as well as to understand facilitators and barriers to this activity. Although participants tended to believe that physical activity was important for a healthy lifestyle, they identified several barriers to this activ","PeriodicalId":51428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Leisure Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"509 - 511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47418780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2022.2073492
Jing Shi, Yuxi Long, Lei Xin
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to study the behavior characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of groups’ multi-day leisure travel, and to quantify the impact of the elderly and children on group travel choices. Based on questionnaire and social media data, three choice models and an agent-based simulation model were established to explore the micro-choice behavior characteristics and the macro-spatiotemporal distribution of groups’ multi-day leisure travel by arranging the travel rules and by simulating the route of travel groups. The results of data analysis and simulation indicate that: (1) Travel groups with the elderly or children are less affected by the high-speed railway network and prefer self-driving traveling. (2) Groups with the elderly or children tend to travel for more days and visit more cities, while groups without the elderly or children pursue high-quality tourism resources. (3) High-quality tourist attractions bring more tourists to nearby tourist attractions, promoting regional tourism cooperation.
{"title":"Analysis of groups’ multi-day leisure travel behaviors","authors":"Jing Shi, Yuxi Long, Lei Xin","doi":"10.1080/00222216.2022.2073492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2022.2073492","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this paper is to study the behavior characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of groups’ multi-day leisure travel, and to quantify the impact of the elderly and children on group travel choices. Based on questionnaire and social media data, three choice models and an agent-based simulation model were established to explore the micro-choice behavior characteristics and the macro-spatiotemporal distribution of groups’ multi-day leisure travel by arranging the travel rules and by simulating the route of travel groups. The results of data analysis and simulation indicate that: (1) Travel groups with the elderly or children are less affected by the high-speed railway network and prefer self-driving traveling. (2) Groups with the elderly or children tend to travel for more days and visit more cities, while groups without the elderly or children pursue high-quality tourism resources. (3) High-quality tourist attractions bring more tourists to nearby tourist attractions, promoting regional tourism cooperation.","PeriodicalId":51428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Leisure Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"748 - 767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46278346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2022.2073491
Aditya Deshbandhu, Dibyadyuti Roy, Shweta Kushal
Abstract This paper is set within the context of a rapidly urbanizing India with shrinking avenues of physical play and social engagement. The loss of traditional play spaces has redefined leisure activities for youth beyond offline sites into online spaces. These newer leisure engagements including gaming, binge-watching and social media interactions are predominantly virtual and sedentary. This shift, and the restrictions in their physical movements, reduce youth interactions with their social and material environments. Operationalizing Soja’s “Thirdspace,” this paper argues that Pokémon Go generates hybrid habitats at the confluence of leisure, youth, and digital gaming. Through qualitative interviews and co-playing sessions, this study draws from an engagement experience pool spanning 400 h of gameplay with five respondents in the Indian context. It examines how the everyday leisure activities of youth in augmented environments can lead to new spatio-cultural meanings, redefine immediate social environments, and create dynamic possibilities for youth development.
{"title":"Hybrid habitats: Remediating leisure, space and youth through Pokémon Go in India","authors":"Aditya Deshbandhu, Dibyadyuti Roy, Shweta Kushal","doi":"10.1080/00222216.2022.2073491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2022.2073491","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper is set within the context of a rapidly urbanizing India with shrinking avenues of physical play and social engagement. The loss of traditional play spaces has redefined leisure activities for youth beyond offline sites into online spaces. These newer leisure engagements including gaming, binge-watching and social media interactions are predominantly virtual and sedentary. This shift, and the restrictions in their physical movements, reduce youth interactions with their social and material environments. Operationalizing Soja’s “Thirdspace,” this paper argues that Pokémon Go generates hybrid habitats at the confluence of leisure, youth, and digital gaming. Through qualitative interviews and co-playing sessions, this study draws from an engagement experience pool spanning 400 h of gameplay with five respondents in the Indian context. It examines how the everyday leisure activities of youth in augmented environments can lead to new spatio-cultural meanings, redefine immediate social environments, and create dynamic possibilities for youth development.","PeriodicalId":51428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Leisure Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"532 - 555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44656819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2022.2066491
Jaehyun Kim, B. L. Baker, Nicholas A. D. Pitas, Jacob A. Benfield, Benjamin Hickerson, A. Mowen
Abstract Prior studies have provided evidence that park user characteristics and park social context can contribute to a sense of park ownership. However, less is known about the collective contributions of these constructs to perceived park ownership. Therefore, we examined how park proximity to residential neighborhoods, frequency of park use, social cohesion, social capital, and social motivation are related to perceived park ownership. Visitor data (n = 493) were collected within two urban parks in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Path analysis indicated that park proximity, frequency of use, social cohesion, informal social control, and social motivations were significantly associated with perceived ownership of park spaces. Moreover, park proximity was positively related to perceived park ownership through social cohesion, informal social control, and social motivation. Our results highlight the critical role of the park social environment in shaping perceived ownership and the need for purposive action aimed at its modification in future park renovation and design concepts.
{"title":"Perceived ownership of urban parks: The role of the social environment","authors":"Jaehyun Kim, B. L. Baker, Nicholas A. D. Pitas, Jacob A. Benfield, Benjamin Hickerson, A. Mowen","doi":"10.1080/00222216.2022.2066491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2022.2066491","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Prior studies have provided evidence that park user characteristics and park social context can contribute to a sense of park ownership. However, less is known about the collective contributions of these constructs to perceived park ownership. Therefore, we examined how park proximity to residential neighborhoods, frequency of park use, social cohesion, social capital, and social motivation are related to perceived park ownership. Visitor data (n = 493) were collected within two urban parks in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Path analysis indicated that park proximity, frequency of use, social cohesion, informal social control, and social motivations were significantly associated with perceived ownership of park spaces. Moreover, park proximity was positively related to perceived park ownership through social cohesion, informal social control, and social motivation. Our results highlight the critical role of the park social environment in shaping perceived ownership and the need for purposive action aimed at its modification in future park renovation and design concepts.","PeriodicalId":51428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Leisure Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"72 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47939236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2022.2072181
Yoshifumi Bizen, H. Ninomiya
Abstract Sports volunteers, who support the operation of sporting events, are becoming increasingly important when such events are held. However, volunteer participation rates are inadequate and recruiting volunteers is a difficult task for event managers. Accordingly, the present study aimed to clarify the relationships between motivation, constraints, and constraint negotiation that emerge when considering whether to volunteer at a sporting event. A questionnaire survey of volunteers who participated in a full marathon event was conducted. After removing incomplete answers, data from 388 surveys were analyzed. A covariance structural analysis was conducted; negotiation strategy was found to have been facilitated by motivation, which leads to participation. By verifying the study’s model, it was clarified that motivation for volunteering stimulates negotiation and leads to actual volunteer participation. However, there was no effect of constraints on negotiation or participation. No mediation effect from negotiation on constraints was observed either.
{"title":"Understanding the relationships between motivation, constraints, and constraint negotiation in volunteer participation in a marathon event","authors":"Yoshifumi Bizen, H. Ninomiya","doi":"10.1080/00222216.2022.2072181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2022.2072181","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sports volunteers, who support the operation of sporting events, are becoming increasingly important when such events are held. However, volunteer participation rates are inadequate and recruiting volunteers is a difficult task for event managers. Accordingly, the present study aimed to clarify the relationships between motivation, constraints, and constraint negotiation that emerge when considering whether to volunteer at a sporting event. A questionnaire survey of volunteers who participated in a full marathon event was conducted. After removing incomplete answers, data from 388 surveys were analyzed. A covariance structural analysis was conducted; negotiation strategy was found to have been facilitated by motivation, which leads to participation. By verifying the study’s model, it was clarified that motivation for volunteering stimulates negotiation and leads to actual volunteer participation. However, there was no effect of constraints on negotiation or participation. No mediation effect from negotiation on constraints was observed either.","PeriodicalId":51428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Leisure Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"728 - 747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46046477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2022.2066492
Shintaro Kono, Mikihiro Sato
Abstract Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is a multivariate statistical technique that helps examine complex relationships among a number of variables. Although its use has increased over decades, PLS-SEM remains underutilized in leisure research. The purpose of this methodological paper is to offer a primer on PLS-SEM for leisure researchers and to present a critical review of PLS-SEM’s strengths and limitations, while identifying potential applications of PLS-SEM across different sub-fields and theories in leisure research. Specifically, as to strengths, we discuss PLS-SEM’s sample size requirements, accommodation of formative and reflective measures, ability to model many variables and relationships, and statistical prediction capacity. In terms of its limitations, we review criticisms regarding PLS-SEM’s biased estimates as well as the lack of measurement error estimation and model fit assessment tools. Lastly, we provide recommendations for leisure researchers who wish to use PLS-SEM and journal editors and reviewers who assess PLS-SEM articles.
{"title":"The potentials of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in leisure research","authors":"Shintaro Kono, Mikihiro Sato","doi":"10.1080/00222216.2022.2066492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2022.2066492","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is a multivariate statistical technique that helps examine complex relationships among a number of variables. Although its use has increased over decades, PLS-SEM remains underutilized in leisure research. The purpose of this methodological paper is to offer a primer on PLS-SEM for leisure researchers and to present a critical review of PLS-SEM’s strengths and limitations, while identifying potential applications of PLS-SEM across different sub-fields and theories in leisure research. Specifically, as to strengths, we discuss PLS-SEM’s sample size requirements, accommodation of formative and reflective measures, ability to model many variables and relationships, and statistical prediction capacity. In terms of its limitations, we review criticisms regarding PLS-SEM’s biased estimates as well as the lack of measurement error estimation and model fit assessment tools. Lastly, we provide recommendations for leisure researchers who wish to use PLS-SEM and journal editors and reviewers who assess PLS-SEM articles.","PeriodicalId":51428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Leisure Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"309 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48370281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2022.2073189
Ching-Hua Ho
Abstract Most studies on Taiwanese women’s leisure life mainly focus on lifestyle and leisure behaviors that fail to discuss the symbolic meanings or meaning-making process of participating in social leisure activities. This study applies the social exchange framework to examine the social leisure activities of Taiwanese urban women from two aspects: the meaning making of social leisure to them, and what they can attain through social leisure participation. The study found that Taiwanese urban women participating in social leisure activities are driven by extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. Social leisure activities are not only the settings for leisure but also the settings for expanding social relations and networks, in which leisure activities are primarily emotional and social in nature. Results show that to sustain positive effects of satisfaction and happiness from participating in social leisure, positive emotion and commitment matter to gain gratification through participating in social leisure activities.
{"title":"It is more than fun and making friends: Social leisure and leisure experiences of Taiwanese urban women","authors":"Ching-Hua Ho","doi":"10.1080/00222216.2022.2073189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2022.2073189","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most studies on Taiwanese women’s leisure life mainly focus on lifestyle and leisure behaviors that fail to discuss the symbolic meanings or meaning-making process of participating in social leisure activities. This study applies the social exchange framework to examine the social leisure activities of Taiwanese urban women from two aspects: the meaning making of social leisure to them, and what they can attain through social leisure participation. The study found that Taiwanese urban women participating in social leisure activities are driven by extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. Social leisure activities are not only the settings for leisure but also the settings for expanding social relations and networks, in which leisure activities are primarily emotional and social in nature. Results show that to sustain positive effects of satisfaction and happiness from participating in social leisure, positive emotion and commitment matter to gain gratification through participating in social leisure activities.","PeriodicalId":51428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Leisure Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"556 - 574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42780285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-06eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2022/1695802
Chen Wang, Jinwen Liu, Yongmin Yan, Youwen Tan
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicular bodies (40-1000 nm) with double-layer membrane structures released by different cell types into extracellular environments, including apoptosis bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes. Exosomes (30-100 nm) are vesicles enclosed by extracellular membrane and contain effective molecules of secretory cells. They are derived from intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs) that fuse with the plasma membrane and release their intracellular vesicles by exocytosis. Research has shown that almost all human cells could secrete exosomes, which have a certain relationship with corresponding diseases. In chronic liver diseases, exosomes release a variety of bioactive components into extracellular spaces, mediating intercellular signal transduction and materials transport. Moreover, exosomes play a role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of various chronic liver diseases as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Previous studies have found that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-ex) could alleviate acute and chronic liver injury and have the advantages of high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. In this paper, we briefly summarize the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of different chronic liver diseases and the latest research progresses of MSC-ex as the clinical therapeutic targets.
{"title":"Role of Exosomes in Chronic Liver Disease Development and Their Potential Clinical Applications.","authors":"Chen Wang, Jinwen Liu, Yongmin Yan, Youwen Tan","doi":"10.1155/2022/1695802","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/1695802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicular bodies (40-1000 nm) with double-layer membrane structures released by different cell types into extracellular environments, including apoptosis bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes. Exosomes (30-100 nm) are vesicles enclosed by extracellular membrane and contain effective molecules of secretory cells. They are derived from intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs) that fuse with the plasma membrane and release their intracellular vesicles by exocytosis. Research has shown that almost all human cells could secrete exosomes, which have a certain relationship with corresponding diseases. In chronic liver diseases, exosomes release a variety of bioactive components into extracellular spaces, mediating intercellular signal transduction and materials transport. Moreover, exosomes play a role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of various chronic liver diseases as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Previous studies have found that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-ex) could alleviate acute and chronic liver injury and have the advantages of high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. In this paper, we briefly summarize the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of different chronic liver diseases and the latest research progresses of MSC-ex as the clinical therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":51428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Leisure Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1695802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9106457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81184197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-28DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2022.2051116
L. MacNell, A. Hardison-Moody, A. Wyant, J. Bocarro, Sinikka Elliott, S. Bowen
Abstract Parents and people living in poverty are less likely to engage in leisure-time physical activity, yet these groups are underrepresented in socio-ecological studies of activity. To understand barriers and facilitators to leisure-time physical activity within these groups, this study draws on 138 interviews with low-income U.S. mothers to highlight the ways in which motherhood framed their decisions and ability to engage in physical activity. The challenges they faced were filtered through their practices as mothers; for example, they had little time and energy to be active because of the demands of daily childrearing and household labor. In addition, their strategies around leisure-time physical activity were tied to ideas of good mothering; for example, they sought opportunities that were free or low-cost for the entire family. Understanding how motherhood shapes low-income women’s leisure-time physical activity can inform interventions and policies to increase physical activity among this population.
{"title":"“I have to be the example”: Motherhood as a lens for understanding physical activity among low-income women","authors":"L. MacNell, A. Hardison-Moody, A. Wyant, J. Bocarro, Sinikka Elliott, S. Bowen","doi":"10.1080/00222216.2022.2051116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2022.2051116","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Parents and people living in poverty are less likely to engage in leisure-time physical activity, yet these groups are underrepresented in socio-ecological studies of activity. To understand barriers and facilitators to leisure-time physical activity within these groups, this study draws on 138 interviews with low-income U.S. mothers to highlight the ways in which motherhood framed their decisions and ability to engage in physical activity. The challenges they faced were filtered through their practices as mothers; for example, they had little time and energy to be active because of the demands of daily childrearing and household labor. In addition, their strategies around leisure-time physical activity were tied to ideas of good mothering; for example, they sought opportunities that were free or low-cost for the entire family. Understanding how motherhood shapes low-income women’s leisure-time physical activity can inform interventions and policies to increase physical activity among this population.","PeriodicalId":51428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Leisure Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"575 - 594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47745727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}