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New models, same practices? Examining professional values and peace journalism training 新的模式,同样的做法?审视专业价值观与和平新闻培训
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241272193
Meagan E. Doll
Existing work on peace journalism would suggest that some journalism cultures may be more receptive to—or perhaps already practice elements of—peace journalism. However, little research has documented, nor explored, perceptions of peace journalism when its practices are perceived as customary to situated professional environments. To better understand this phenomenon, this study examines how journalists ascribe value to peace journalism training, particularly when they were reportedly familiar with, or already practicing, peace journalism. Drawing on in-depth interviews with journalists from Uganda, South Sudan, and Kenya, findings suggest that values associated with attending peace journalism trainings at times transcend the ostensible goals of workshop organizers. These values include trainings as a means for building professional networks, improving general journalistic skills, and fulfilling social expectations. Understanding these professional values contextualizes the adaptation of peace journalism across contexts, with implications for journalism professionalization processes more broadly.
有关和平新闻的现有研究表明,某些新闻文化可能更容易接受和平新闻,或者已经在 实践和平新闻的要素。然而,当和平新闻的实践被认为是所处职业环境的惯例时,很少有研究记录或探讨对和平新闻的看法。为了更好地理解这一现象,本研究探讨了记者如何赋予和平新闻培训以价值,尤其是当他们据说熟悉或已经在实践和平新闻时。通过对乌干达、南苏丹和肯尼亚记者的深入采访,研究结果表明,与参加和平新闻培训相关的价值观有时超越了讲习班组织者的表面目标。这些价值观包括将培训作为建立专业网络、提高一般新闻技能和满足社会期望的一种手段。对这些专业价值观的理解使和平新闻在不同背景下的适应性变得更加具体,从而对新闻专业化进程产生更广泛的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Reinforce, readjust, reclaim: How artificial intelligence impacts journalism’s professional claim 强化、调整、再造:人工智能如何影响新闻业的专业诉求
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241269300
Lynge Asbjørn Møller, Morten Skovsgaard, Claes de Vreese
Major advances in artificial intelligence have fuelled a rapid increase in the automation and augmentation of journalistic work, challenging the centrality of journalists in the news production process. This article theoretically explores news automation by adopting a system of professions framework from the sociology of professions to provide a holistic perspective on the impact of artificial intelligence on journalistic work. This framework posits that different factors influence professional control over work, and problems caused by these factors have left journalism vulnerable to automation. The routine and mundane nature of a significant portion of journalistic tasks suggests that artificial intelligence may potentially replace many journalists in the future, thereby challenging the profession’s claim to expertise. For journalism to uphold its professional authority in the future, it needs to brace for the impact of artificial intelligence. Building on this analysis, we explore strategies for journalism to do so. This involves reinforcing professional ideals in new algorithmic practices, readjusting knowledge and skill taught in education, and reclaiming specialised work practices in organisations. Rather than a threat, the emergence of artificial intelligence then presents an opportunity for journalism to reintroduce the distinctiveness of the profession and rejuvenate its professional promise.
人工智能的重大进步推动了新闻工作自动化和增强化的快速发展,对新闻工作者在新闻生产过程中的核心地位提出了挑战。本文从理论上探讨了新闻自动化,采用了职业社会学中的职业系统框架,从整体上探讨了人工智能对新闻工作的影响。该框架认为,不同的因素会影响职业对工作的控制,而这些因素导致的问题使新闻业容易受到自动化的影响。相当一部分新闻工作的常规性和平凡性表明,人工智能在未来有可能取代许多记者,从而对新闻业的专业性提出挑战。新闻业要想在未来维护其专业权威,就必须做好应对人工智能冲击的准备。在此分析的基础上,我们探讨了新闻业的应对策略。这包括在新的算法实践中强化专业理想,重新调整教育中教授的知识和技能,以及在组织中重新找回专业化的工作实践。与其说人工智能的出现是一种威胁,不如说它为新闻业提供了一个契机,让我们重新认识新闻业的独特性,重振新闻业的专业前景。
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引用次数: 0
Getting emotional: Emotions and ‘journalistification’ in Norwegian music reviews, 1981–2022 情绪化:1981-2022年挪威音乐评论中的情感与 "记者化
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241260196
Ingebjørg Sofie Larsen
Whether emotional experience should be part of a critic’s evaluation has been a central but contentious issue in the history of music criticism. In this article, I trace how music critics in Norway treat emotions through three stages from the historical transition from an ‘aesthetic’ to a more ‘journalistic’ paradigm of arts journalism. I analyse an archival dataset from the dailies ‘Aftenposten’, ‘Dagbladet’, ‘Bergens Tidende’ and ‘Arbeiderbladet’/’Dagsavisen’ in 1981, 2001 and 2022. The qualitative analysis reveals that, paradoxically, emotions became more prevalent and explicit at the same time as the ‘journalistic’ paradigm, which is characterised by the strategic ritual of objectivity, became more present in the reviews. I argue that the way the journalistic paradigm increasingly intersects with emotion in these reviews has theoretical implications for the study of arts journalism and the subgenre of music criticism, challenging the dichotomy between emotions and objectivity that exists in both journalism studies and the history of music criticism.
在音乐评论史上,情感体验是否应成为评论家评价的一部分一直是一个核心问题,但也是一个有争议的问题。在本文中,我将从艺术新闻从 "审美 "范式向更具 "新闻 "范式的历史过渡的三个阶段,追溯挪威音乐评论家是如何对待情感的。我分析了1981年、2001年和2022年《Aftenposten》、《Dagbladet》、《Bergens Tidende》和《Arbeiderbladet》/《Dagsavisen》日报的档案数据集。定性分析显示,矛盾的是,在以客观性策略仪式为特征的 "新闻 "范式更多出现在评论中的同时,情感变得更加普遍和明确。我认为,在这些评论中,新闻范式与情感的交集越来越多,这对艺术新闻研究和音乐评论的子类型具有理论意义,挑战了新闻研究和音乐评论史中存在的情感与客观的二分法。
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引用次数: 0
Extending the professional borders or maintaining the status quo? Union membership as boundary work 扩展专业边界还是维持现状?作为边界工作的工会会员资格
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241265207
Birgit Røe Mathisen, Anders Graver Knudsen
Disruption and changes within the profession of journalism instigate boundary disputes. In this article, we analyse boundary work ‘in the making’, with the debate about membership rules within the Norwegian Union of Journalists as a case. The research question asked is: How do positioning and rhetoric in the membership debate evoke boundary struggles in journalism, and how do they reflect the internal professional hierarchy? Theoretically anchored in the sociology of professions, this study is based on qualitative text analysis of debate articles in the specialist magazines Journalisten and Medier24, as well as qualitative interviews. The findings suggest two main positions. On the one hand, a struggle to protect pure professional identity, values, and integrity. On the other, arguments regarding union power and impact and the contention that in today’s digital media landscape journalism in practice involves a wide range of competencies. The two positions suggest a tension between white-collar professionalism and blue-collar unionism. This study contributes to our understanding of the shifting boundaries of journalism, and how changes in external conditions also impact upon internal professional identity.
新闻职业内部的混乱和变化引发了边界争端。在本文中,我们以挪威记者联盟内部关于会员资格规则的辩论为例,分析了 "正在形成中 "的边界工作。我们提出的研究问题是:会员资格辩论中的定位和修辞是如何唤起新闻业的边界斗争的,它们又是如何反映内部专业等级制度的?本研究以职业社会学为理论基础,对专业杂志《新闻记者》(Journalisten)和《媒体》(Medier24)上的辩论文章进行了定性文本分析,并进行了定性访谈。研究结果表明了两种主要立场。一方面,为保护纯粹的职业身份、价值观和诚信而斗争。另一方面,是关于工会权力和影响力的论点,以及在当今数字媒体环境下新闻实践涉及广泛能力的论点。这两种立场表明了白领专业主义与蓝领工会主义之间的紧张关系。本研究有助于我们理解新闻业边界的变化,以及外部条件的变化如何影响内部职业认同。
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引用次数: 0
No watchdogs on Twitter: Topics and frames in political journalists’ tweets about the coronavirus pandemic 推特上没有看门狗:政治记者关于冠状病毒大流行的推文中的话题和框架
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241266722
Peter Maurer, Christian Nuernbergk
Social media channels, particularly Twitter/X, played a significant role as information platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic. As journalists are crucial actors on that platform, an analysis of the content and tone of their tweets during the pandemic can reveal the role they played in shaping public understanding of this public health crisis. Our analysis focuses on Germany where the government enforced relatively strict anti-COVID-19 measures and where strong opposition to these measures emerged outside the mainstream media. We analyzed almost 10.000 tweets of 247 journalists of mainstream media during a 14-month-period. To shed light on journalists’ watchdog versus collaborative role orientation, computational methods were used to extract themes and tone in their pandemic-related tweets. Furthermore, network analysis was utilized to identify influential actors in journalists’ interactions with experts and other users on Twitter. The findings revealed that journalists tweeted most about topics like the economy, protests, and Chancellor Merkel’s ability to implement a restrictive containment policy. As demonstrated by the network analysis, journalists frequently interacted with cabinet members and pro-government experts on Twitter during the pandemic. The analysis also revealed that some tweets were characterized by an anti-protest and anti-lockdown tone, but these came from different groups of journalists.
在 COVID-19 大流行期间,社交媒体渠道,尤其是 Twitter/X,作为信息平台发挥了重要作用。由于记者是这一平台上的重要参与者,对他们在疫情期间所发推文的内容和语气进行分析,可以揭示他们在塑造公众对这一公共卫生危机的理解方面所起的作用。我们的分析主要集中在德国,德国政府实施了相对严格的反 COVID-19 措施,主流媒体之外也出现了对这些措施的强烈反对。我们分析了 247 名主流媒体记者在 14 个月内发布的近 10,000 条推文。为了揭示记者的监督与合作角色定位,我们使用计算方法提取了他们与大流行病相关的推文中的主题和语气。此外,研究人员还利用网络分析法来识别记者在推特上与专家和其他用户互动时具有影响力的参与者。研究结果显示,记者们在推特上谈论最多的话题是经济、抗议以及默克尔总理实施限制性遏制政策的能力。网络分析显示,大流行病期间,记者经常在 Twitter 上与内阁成员和亲政府专家互动。分析还显示,一些推文以反抗议和反封锁为基调,但这些推文来自不同的记者群体。
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引用次数: 0
A comparative study of multi-ethnic perspectives on aging in Malaysian newspapers 关于马来西亚报纸中多种族老龄化观点的比较研究
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241266724
Lai Fong Yang, Prasana Rosaline Fernandez, Linda Poh Gaik Tan
Media plays an important role in representing cultural beliefs about aging, and the influence of cultural and societal factors on the portrayal of aging is well documented. Malaysia, with its diverse demographics of different ethnicities, religions, and languages, provides a unique context for investigating how aging is represented. This study employed framing as the theoretical framework and qualitative content analysis as the research method to compare the portrayal of aging in Malaysian newspapers published in Malay, Chinese, and English. In addition, a popular online-only newspaper in the country was included in the analysis. The findings showed an emphasis on the well-being/welfare of older people in Malaysian newspapers; however, the discourse reflected elements of paternalism and ageism, with the voices of older adults having limited representation. The implications of these findings were discussed in relation to the media’s role in reporting the aging process.
媒体在表现有关老龄化的文化观念方面发挥着重要作用,而文化和社会因素对老龄化形象的影响也是有据可查的。马来西亚拥有不同种族、宗教和语言的多元化人口,为研究如何表现老龄化提供了独特的背景。本研究以框架为理论框架,以定性内容分析为研究方法,比较了以马来语、汉语和英语出版的马来西亚报纸对老龄化的描述。此外,本研究还将该国一份广受欢迎的纯网络报纸纳入分析范围。研究结果表明,马来西亚报纸强调老年人的福祉;然而,报纸的论述反映了家长制和年龄歧视的因素,老年人的声音代表性有限。讨论了这些发现对媒体在报道老龄化进程中的作用的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Yeah, I’ve been immunized: Objectivity, ignorance, and privilege in media coverage of Aaron Rodgers’ COVID-19 vaccine refusal 是的,我接种过疫苗:媒体在报道亚伦-罗杰斯拒绝接受 COVID-19 疫苗时的客观性、无知和特权
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241266754
M Olguta Vilceanu, Julia C Richmond
During a team press conference in August 2021, then-Green Bay Packers Quarterback Aaron Rodgers claimed he had been ‘immunized,’ which implied he had taken a COVID-19 vaccine. He later admitted he was not vaccinated and sparked a debate in the news and popular media. This study builds on the epistemology of ignorance, science controversy, sports mythmaking, and fake news to explore news coverage of professional athletes, the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccination. Thematic discourse analysis helped position the narratives built around Aaron Rodgers’ statements, attitudes, and behaviors on the continuum between vaccine hesitancy and discursive manipulation. The findings reveal evolving perspectives of social issues related to managing social responsibility of professional athletes and call for sharper interrogations of the dynamics of power, privilege, and agency among key opinion leaders at the intersection of sports, journalism, and society.
在 2021 年 8 月的一次球队新闻发布会上,当时的绿湾包装工队四分卫亚伦-罗杰斯(Aaron Rodgers)声称他已经 "接种了疫苗",这意味着他已经接种了 COVID-19 疫苗。他后来承认自己没有接种疫苗,并引发了新闻和大众媒体的争论。本研究以无知认识论、科学争议、体育神话和假新闻为基础,探讨职业运动员、COVID-19 流行病和疫苗接种的新闻报道。主题话语分析有助于将围绕亚伦-罗杰斯(Aaron Rodgers)的言论、态度和行为展开的叙述定位在疫苗犹豫和话语操纵之间的连续体上。研究结果揭示了与职业运动员社会责任管理相关的社会问题的演变视角,并呼吁在体育、新闻和社会的交叉点上,对关键意见领袖的权力、特权和代理动态进行更尖锐的审视。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Journalism in the grey zone: Pluralism and media capture in Lebanon and Tunisia 书评:灰色地带的新闻业:黎巴嫩和突尼斯的多元化与媒体俘获
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241266679
Simone Benazzo
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引用次数: 0
Covering disability in Italian journalism. Language, practices and perspectives in mainstream and alternative media 意大利新闻界对残疾人的报道。主流媒体和另类媒体的语言、实践和观点
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241266073
Gaia Peruzzi, Fabiana Battisti, Raffaele Lombardi
Journalism has a key role in the social construction of diversity in the public sphere. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between disability and journalism in Italy, a question largely unexplored hitherto. Following a review of the literature on disability-related journalism and ethics, we adopted the HOI (Hierarchy of Influences) model as a theoretical resource to enable a thorough investigation of the interplay between professionals and social, institutional and organisational systems. The research is based on 17 in-depth interviews with Italian journalists who have been covering disability for years, both in the mainstream and in alternative media. The analysis focused on their perceptions and experiences in daily newsmaking processes, reconstructing and relating the personal accounts they give as professionals to the working practices of newsrooms. We found that there are mutual influences at work, operating across individual, organisational and institutional levels and tending to force the issue of disability to the margins of journalistic activity. In a few relevant exceptions, there emerged a vindication of proactiveness on the part of professionals in the mainstream and alternative media. This suggests the emergence of a disability journalism culture, independent of editorial approach, to which the individuality of the journalist is central.
新闻业在公共领域多样性的社会构建中发挥着关键作用。本文旨在研究意大利残疾与新闻业之间的关系,迄今为止,这个问题在很大程度上尚未得到探讨。在回顾了与残疾相关的新闻和伦理方面的文献后,我们采用了 HOI(影响层次)模型作为理论资源,以便对专业人员与社会、机构和组织系统之间的相互作用进行深入研究。这项研究基于 17 次深入访谈,访谈对象是多年来一直从事残疾报道的意大利记者,既有主流媒体记者,也有另类媒体记者。分析的重点是他们在日常新闻制作过程中的感知和经验,重构他们作为专业人士的个人陈述,并将其与新闻编辑室的工作实践联系起来。我们发现,在个人、组织和机构层面上,存在着相互影响的作用,往往迫使残疾问题被置于新闻活动的边缘。在少数相关的例外情况下,主流媒体和另类媒体的专业人士积极主动的态度得到了平反。这表明出现了一种独立于编辑方法的残疾新闻文化,记者的个性是其核心。
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引用次数: 0
Breaching BBC impartiality rules: Journalism identity, institutional networks and social media 违反英国广播公司的公正规则:新闻身份、机构网络和社交媒体
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241266097
María Luengo, Teresa Gil-López
Since implementing its latest impartiality guidelines in October 2021, the BBC has rebuked several of its news presenters for related violations. BBC journalists are required to adhere to these norms, so why are some expressing defiance? In light of the BBC’s vast global reach and reputation for journalistic impartiality, this article uses social network and discourse analysis to explore how contemporary journalism is challenging the norm of impartiality. Drawing upon network analysis of the Twitter accounts of BBC journalists and a qualitative content analysis of their Twitter feeds vis-à-vis BBC’s impartiality guidelines, this study examines the relationship between their positions and roles with their discourse on the news online network. Based on our findings, journalists’ roles have a significant impact on their use of discursive approaches and stances on the subject of impartiality when transitioning from a regimen of balance to a regimen of due impartiality.
自 2021 年 10 月实施最新的公正准则以来,BBC 已斥责了几位新闻主持人的相关违规行为。BBC 记者被要求遵守这些准则,那么为什么有些人表示不服从呢?鉴于 BBC 的全球影响力和新闻公正性的声誉,本文利用社交网络和话语分析来探讨当代新闻业如何挑战公正性准则。本研究通过对 BBC 记者的 Twitter 账户进行网络分析,并根据 BBC 的公正性准则对他们的 Twitter 内容进行定性分析,探讨了他们的立场和角色与他们在新闻在线网络上的话语之间的关系。根据我们的研究结果,记者的角色对他们在从平衡制度过渡到应有的公正制度时使用有关公正性主题的话语方法和立场有重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
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