Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1177/14648849241249881
Sherine P Conyers
Based on ethnography from Australian digital newsrooms, this research shows how content production is split into two forms: Original news reporting is considered an act of ‘journalistic discovery,’ while content produced to appease metric indicators is considered an act of ‘metric confirmation.’ By conceptualising the digital space as a “glut of occurrences” (Tuchman, 1978: p.44-45) to be filled, the two case studies shown in this work inform how temporality and metrification intertwine to posit metric confirmation as low-risk, low-cost, high-gain work, while acts of journalistic discovery are comparatively high-risk and high-cost, with unknown outcomes. I argue that the inundation of metrics into newsrooms obfuscates other more crucial news values and poses challenges for the future of journalism when digital distribution is increasingly dependent on third parties while responsibility for commercial success has been shifted onto editorial staff.
{"title":"Risky business: How metrics obfuscate journalistic values with traffic volumes in digital news production","authors":"Sherine P Conyers","doi":"10.1177/14648849241249881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241249881","url":null,"abstract":"Based on ethnography from Australian digital newsrooms, this research shows how content production is split into two forms: Original news reporting is considered an act of ‘journalistic discovery,’ while content produced to appease metric indicators is considered an act of ‘metric confirmation.’ By conceptualising the digital space as a “glut of occurrences” (Tuchman, 1978: p.44-45) to be filled, the two case studies shown in this work inform how temporality and metrification intertwine to posit metric confirmation as low-risk, low-cost, high-gain work, while acts of journalistic discovery are comparatively high-risk and high-cost, with unknown outcomes. I argue that the inundation of metrics into newsrooms obfuscates other more crucial news values and poses challenges for the future of journalism when digital distribution is increasingly dependent on third parties while responsibility for commercial success has been shifted onto editorial staff.","PeriodicalId":51432,"journal":{"name":"Journalism","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1177/14648849241250196
Yarong Xie, Kevin Durrheim
It is widely acknowledged that broadcast programmes are produced to serve the public’s interest. Presenting the programmes in a neutral and objective fashion, and engaging the audience in forming opinions, are common ways of achieving this. However, studies have suggested that there is a departure from these practices when the object of broadcast becomes societal problems such as racism. This case study examines how a presenter responds to a caller’s abuse in two live radio shows, and how she sets out a programme - and a new conversation - using her personal experience of racism/xenophobia. Using conversation analysis and discursive psychology, we studied the situated use of language and the actions being brought about. We found that the presenter assesses the caller’s abuse by rudeness on the spot, formulating the call as disruptive to an ongoing conversation. On the following day, the presenter revisits, and topicalises, this call as xenophobia and racism. Our analysis revealed that the presenter’s shift in evaluating this call is grounded in, and licensed by, her drawing on and cultivating a sympathetic listenership, characterising the call as race-driven, and formulating her personal experience as of public’s concern. Our findings spotlight the presenter’s orientation to her moral accountability in talking about racism, and the potential of broadcast in leading conversations on anti-racism.
{"title":"Handling racism in a radio phone-in programme: Telling it like it is","authors":"Yarong Xie, Kevin Durrheim","doi":"10.1177/14648849241250196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241250196","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely acknowledged that broadcast programmes are produced to serve the public’s interest. Presenting the programmes in a neutral and objective fashion, and engaging the audience in forming opinions, are common ways of achieving this. However, studies have suggested that there is a departure from these practices when the object of broadcast becomes societal problems such as racism. This case study examines how a presenter responds to a caller’s abuse in two live radio shows, and how she sets out a programme - and a new conversation - using her personal experience of racism/xenophobia. Using conversation analysis and discursive psychology, we studied the situated use of language and the actions being brought about. We found that the presenter assesses the caller’s abuse by rudeness on the spot, formulating the call as disruptive to an ongoing conversation. On the following day, the presenter revisits, and topicalises, this call as xenophobia and racism. Our analysis revealed that the presenter’s shift in evaluating this call is grounded in, and licensed by, her drawing on and cultivating a sympathetic listenership, characterising the call as race-driven, and formulating her personal experience as of public’s concern. Our findings spotlight the presenter’s orientation to her moral accountability in talking about racism, and the potential of broadcast in leading conversations on anti-racism.","PeriodicalId":51432,"journal":{"name":"Journalism","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-29DOI: 10.1177/14648849241248235
Na Yeon Lee
This study examined whether and to what extent journalists’ unmet expectations about their work as journalists affect their job satisfaction and intention to leave based on the Met Expectation Model used in organizational behavioral research. Representative survey data of South Korean women journalists showed that before entering the news industry women journalists had three types of expectations about journalists’ work: Professionalism & Compensation, Attractiveness of Journalism Work, and Public Service. Findings of this study showed that Public Service was the most important expectation whereas Professionalism & Compensation was the least important. Regarding the three types of discrepancy between journalists’ pre-entry expectations and post- experience perceptions, Public Service showed the highest level of discrepancy. Levels of discrepancy were also found to be negatively associated with journalists’ job satisfaction and positively related to their intention to leave, while journalists’ job satisfaction mediated the relationship between the levels of discrepancy and the journalists’ intention to leave.
{"title":"Met expectations, job satisfaction, and intention to leave: The effects of discrepancy between job expectations and experiences on journalists’ intention to leave","authors":"Na Yeon Lee","doi":"10.1177/14648849241248235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241248235","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined whether and to what extent journalists’ unmet expectations about their work as journalists affect their job satisfaction and intention to leave based on the Met Expectation Model used in organizational behavioral research. Representative survey data of South Korean women journalists showed that before entering the news industry women journalists had three types of expectations about journalists’ work: Professionalism & Compensation, Attractiveness of Journalism Work, and Public Service. Findings of this study showed that Public Service was the most important expectation whereas Professionalism & Compensation was the least important. Regarding the three types of discrepancy between journalists’ pre-entry expectations and post- experience perceptions, Public Service showed the highest level of discrepancy. Levels of discrepancy were also found to be negatively associated with journalists’ job satisfaction and positively related to their intention to leave, while journalists’ job satisfaction mediated the relationship between the levels of discrepancy and the journalists’ intention to leave.","PeriodicalId":51432,"journal":{"name":"Journalism","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-26DOI: 10.1177/14648849241248018
Louisa Lincoln, Victor Pickard
As the state of U.S. local journalism continues to deteriorate, contributing to growing news deserts and the proliferation of mis- and disinformation, alternative models for sustaining local news are increasingly paramount. One such alternative to the failing commercial model that deserves more attention, we argue, is the American public media system. While less robust than its international counterparts, the U.S. public media system tends to be less reliant on market support, less subject to commercial pressures, and more devoted to a universal service mission. This study explores to what extent the American public media system may serve to lessen the severity of the local journalism crisis. Drawing on interviews and conversations with two dozen public media practitioners and analysts, our research examines how public media could be reimagined and repurposed to better serve local information needs. We conclude that a renewed investment in the existing system in tandem with structural reforms presents a possible pathway towards a more sustainable future for local news.
{"title":"Reimagining American public media: A key infrastructure for local journalism","authors":"Louisa Lincoln, Victor Pickard","doi":"10.1177/14648849241248018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241248018","url":null,"abstract":"As the state of U.S. local journalism continues to deteriorate, contributing to growing news deserts and the proliferation of mis- and disinformation, alternative models for sustaining local news are increasingly paramount. One such alternative to the failing commercial model that deserves more attention, we argue, is the American public media system. While less robust than its international counterparts, the U.S. public media system tends to be less reliant on market support, less subject to commercial pressures, and more devoted to a universal service mission. This study explores to what extent the American public media system may serve to lessen the severity of the local journalism crisis. Drawing on interviews and conversations with two dozen public media practitioners and analysts, our research examines how public media could be reimagined and repurposed to better serve local information needs. We conclude that a renewed investment in the existing system in tandem with structural reforms presents a possible pathway towards a more sustainable future for local news.","PeriodicalId":51432,"journal":{"name":"Journalism","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1177/14648849241244712
Yoonmo Sang, Na Yeon Lee, Soyoung Park
This study aims to identify research trends and central concepts in the field of journalism ethics over the past decade. Focusing on four major journals— Digital Journalism, Journalism, Journalism Practice, and Journalism Studies— this article presents key findings from a topic modeling analysis of articles published between 2013 and 2022. An analysis of 1170 journalism ethics-related studies revealed the most salient topic to be closely related to “news making practices.” This topic was followed by studies on social roles and values of journalism and ways to increase audiences’ trust and credibility in news. This study also found differences in major topics across the four journals. The articles in Journalism tended to center on news producers’ practices while approximately half of the articles in Digital Journalism focused on journalism practices in relation to technology and platforms. The second most studied topic in Journalism Practice were issues related to minority groups, such as women and children. Journalism Studies emphasized journalistic principles, such as transparency and credibility. While empirical assessments of the major trends in journalism ethics research have been lacking, this study helps fill this gap and establish a foundational understanding for future discussions on journalism ethics research, highlighting key recurring terms associated with journalism ethics.
{"title":"Looking back at journalism ethics research over the past decade: An analysis of research in digital journalism, journalism, journalism practice, and journalism studies, 2013-2022","authors":"Yoonmo Sang, Na Yeon Lee, Soyoung Park","doi":"10.1177/14648849241244712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241244712","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to identify research trends and central concepts in the field of journalism ethics over the past decade. Focusing on four major journals— Digital Journalism, Journalism, Journalism Practice, and Journalism Studies— this article presents key findings from a topic modeling analysis of articles published between 2013 and 2022. An analysis of 1170 journalism ethics-related studies revealed the most salient topic to be closely related to “news making practices.” This topic was followed by studies on social roles and values of journalism and ways to increase audiences’ trust and credibility in news. This study also found differences in major topics across the four journals. The articles in Journalism tended to center on news producers’ practices while approximately half of the articles in Digital Journalism focused on journalism practices in relation to technology and platforms. The second most studied topic in Journalism Practice were issues related to minority groups, such as women and children. Journalism Studies emphasized journalistic principles, such as transparency and credibility. While empirical assessments of the major trends in journalism ethics research have been lacking, this study helps fill this gap and establish a foundational understanding for future discussions on journalism ethics research, highlighting key recurring terms associated with journalism ethics.","PeriodicalId":51432,"journal":{"name":"Journalism","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1177/14648849241245802
Abby Cole
{"title":"Book review: In case of emergency, how technologies mediate crisis and normalize inequality","authors":"Abby Cole","doi":"10.1177/14648849241245802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241245802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51432,"journal":{"name":"Journalism","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140572985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1177/14648849241245201
Martina Santia, Lars Willnat, Stan Jastrzebski
This study investigates differences in news beat coverage between female and male journalists and their potential effects on audiences. We employ data from a representative survey of 1,600 U.S. journalists to show that female journalists are more likely to cover feminine beats (i.e., culture and health) and less likely to cover masculine beats (i.e., politics and sports) than male journalists. We complement this data with an online experiment to examine whether audiences value feminine beats covered by female journalists less than masculine beats reported by male journalists. Our results show that female journalists are not necessarily rated more positively when reporting on feminine beats—and feminine beats are not seen as more important when delivered by a female journalist.
{"title":"Who covers what? Analyzing audience perceptions of gender differences in news beat coverage","authors":"Martina Santia, Lars Willnat, Stan Jastrzebski","doi":"10.1177/14648849241245201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241245201","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates differences in news beat coverage between female and male journalists and their potential effects on audiences. We employ data from a representative survey of 1,600 U.S. journalists to show that female journalists are more likely to cover feminine beats (i.e., culture and health) and less likely to cover masculine beats (i.e., politics and sports) than male journalists. We complement this data with an online experiment to examine whether audiences value feminine beats covered by female journalists less than masculine beats reported by male journalists. Our results show that female journalists are not necessarily rated more positively when reporting on feminine beats—and feminine beats are not seen as more important when delivered by a female journalist.","PeriodicalId":51432,"journal":{"name":"Journalism","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1177/14648849241245203
Umaru A Pate, Abubakar Jibril
This article interrogates the effectiveness of the safety measures available for journalists in the challenging operational environment. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 16 journalists representing different organisations from the conflict-prone areas in northeast Nigeria. Findings reveal that journalists operate at high risks due to the absence of protective mechanisms, rendering them highly vulnerable in threats situations. Also, journalists go through physical and psychological attacks from insurgents, the military, and the communities. Recommendations are offered to provide safety mechanisms to reduce journalists’ psychological trauma and physical stress, increase their feelings of safety, and improve the quality of their inputs.
{"title":"Insurgency in northeast Nigeria: Are journalists safe to report?","authors":"Umaru A Pate, Abubakar Jibril","doi":"10.1177/14648849241245203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241245203","url":null,"abstract":"This article interrogates the effectiveness of the safety measures available for journalists in the challenging operational environment. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 16 journalists representing different organisations from the conflict-prone areas in northeast Nigeria. Findings reveal that journalists operate at high risks due to the absence of protective mechanisms, rendering them highly vulnerable in threats situations. Also, journalists go through physical and psychological attacks from insurgents, the military, and the communities. Recommendations are offered to provide safety mechanisms to reduce journalists’ psychological trauma and physical stress, increase their feelings of safety, and improve the quality of their inputs.","PeriodicalId":51432,"journal":{"name":"Journalism","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1177/14648849241242976
Sharon Ringel
This paper explores the absence of memory infrastructure within news organizations and its implications for journalism. It draws upon interviews with journalists and staff members representing 20 prominent US news organizations. Through these interviews, the paper uncovers prevalent perceptions and misconceptions regarding the importance of preserving news content for future reference and accessibility. The research findings illuminate significant challenges journalists face in maintaining printed archives and highlight their inadequate preservation of digital publications. Instead, they often rely on external services such as Google and the Internet Archive for content retrieval. This study argues that the decline of print newspapers has unwittingly led to the erosion of a crucial component in the news production process—the news archive. The absence of this vital memory infrastructure leaves news organizations bereft of a critical resource and contributes to collective forgetfulness.
{"title":"The future of our past: The absence of memory infrastructure in journalism","authors":"Sharon Ringel","doi":"10.1177/14648849241242976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241242976","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the absence of memory infrastructure within news organizations and its implications for journalism. It draws upon interviews with journalists and staff members representing 20 prominent US news organizations. Through these interviews, the paper uncovers prevalent perceptions and misconceptions regarding the importance of preserving news content for future reference and accessibility. The research findings illuminate significant challenges journalists face in maintaining printed archives and highlight their inadequate preservation of digital publications. Instead, they often rely on external services such as Google and the Internet Archive for content retrieval. This study argues that the decline of print newspapers has unwittingly led to the erosion of a crucial component in the news production process—the news archive. The absence of this vital memory infrastructure leaves news organizations bereft of a critical resource and contributes to collective forgetfulness.","PeriodicalId":51432,"journal":{"name":"Journalism","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1177/14648849241243044
Sarah Marschlich, Mark Eisenegger
Tech corporations, such as Google, Facebook, and Apple, have increasingly become the focus of public media attention and are subject to public scrutiny due to their prominence and scandals. Often, the news media reports on the corporations’ chief executive officers and founders as representatives of the corporations to make complex company-related information comprehensible and gain more public attention. The personalization trend in the news media has turned some corporate leaders into celebrities and is linked to tech companies’ media reputations, that is, the evaluations of tech companies in the news media. However, research on personalization in corporate news is rare and conflicting, and whether and how personalization is linked to the media reputations of Big Tech corporations is not yet clear. By focusing on different personalization types, this study investigates the relationship between personalization and the evaluation of tech companies in the news. A quantitative content analysis of media articles ( N = 5234) in Swiss news outlets revealed that the news on tech companies is frequently personalized, and personalized news is more negative and more often related to the social aspects of tech corporations than non-personalized news. Our study indicates that personalization is used as a journalistic style in the news about tech corporations but is most common in negative reporting in which the role of tech corporations in society is critically assessed.
{"title":"Personalization of tech corporations: Examining personalized news and the media reputation of Google, Facebook, and Apple in Swiss news media","authors":"Sarah Marschlich, Mark Eisenegger","doi":"10.1177/14648849241243044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241243044","url":null,"abstract":"Tech corporations, such as Google, Facebook, and Apple, have increasingly become the focus of public media attention and are subject to public scrutiny due to their prominence and scandals. Often, the news media reports on the corporations’ chief executive officers and founders as representatives of the corporations to make complex company-related information comprehensible and gain more public attention. The personalization trend in the news media has turned some corporate leaders into celebrities and is linked to tech companies’ media reputations, that is, the evaluations of tech companies in the news media. However, research on personalization in corporate news is rare and conflicting, and whether and how personalization is linked to the media reputations of Big Tech corporations is not yet clear. By focusing on different personalization types, this study investigates the relationship between personalization and the evaluation of tech companies in the news. A quantitative content analysis of media articles ( N = 5234) in Swiss news outlets revealed that the news on tech companies is frequently personalized, and personalized news is more negative and more often related to the social aspects of tech corporations than non-personalized news. Our study indicates that personalization is used as a journalistic style in the news about tech corporations but is most common in negative reporting in which the role of tech corporations in society is critically assessed.","PeriodicalId":51432,"journal":{"name":"Journalism","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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