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Determinants of women legislators’ media coverage in a male-dominated Kenya political landscape 在肯尼亚男性主导的政治格局中,女议员媒体报道的决定因素
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241264103
Kioko Ireri, Jimmy Ochieng
This research explores visibility of Kenyan women Members of Parliament (MPs) in newspapers news between 2013 and 2017 – a non-election period. Within the backdrop of coverage based on news values, the study examines whether non-institutional characteristics (ethnic group size and seniority), and institutional attributes (party size and political leadership) predicted the coverage of 68 female legislators. And under the context of media as a mirror of political reality, it investigates if criticizing national government, commenting on corruption and devolution determined their appearance in national newspapers’ news. Findings indicate that commenting on corruption, criticizing national government, and seniority were the main predictors of the MPs’ newspapers reportage.
本研究探讨了 2013 年至 2017 年(非选举期间)报纸新闻中肯尼亚女议员(MPs)的能见度。在基于新闻价值的报道背景下,本研究探讨了非机构特征(族群规模和资历)和机构属性(政党规模和政治领导力)是否会预测对 68 名女议员的报道。在媒体是政治现实一面镜子的背景下,研究还探讨了批评国家政府、评论腐败和权力下放是否决定了她们是否会出现在全国性报纸的新闻中。研究结果表明,对腐败的评论、对国家政府的批评和资历是预测国会议员报纸报道的主要因素。
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引用次数: 0
The dance of shadows: The New York Times and the CIA 影子之舞纽约时报》与中央情报局
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241265187
Chunfeng Lin
In the intricate realm of international affairs, the relationship between foreign correspondents of The New York Times (NYT) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) can be likened to a refined tango, where the worlds of journalism and espionage converge. This study, inspired by this metaphor, delves into the complex relationship between the NYT and the CIA that spans two generations of the Sulzberger family. Drawing from the “James Reston Papers,” it examines how these two prominent entities, the NYT and the CIA, navigated the intricate interplay of mutual dependence, conflicting interests, and the delicate balance between transparency and secrecy while vying for influence. Furthermore, it sheds light on the clandestine connections that bind the realms of media and intelligence, which have left a significant mark on the landscape of American journalism.
在错综复杂的国际事务领域,《纽约时报》(NYT)驻外记者与中央情报局(CIA)之间的关系可以比作一曲高雅的探戈,新闻界与间谍界在此交汇。受这一比喻的启发,本研究深入探讨了《纽约时报》与中央情报局之间跨越苏兹伯格家族两代人的复杂关系。本研究从 "詹姆斯-雷斯顿文件"(James Reston Papers)中汲取素材,探讨了《纽约时报》和中央情报局这两个著名实体在争夺影响力的过程中,如何在相互依赖、利益冲突以及透明度与保密性之间的微妙平衡等错综复杂的相互作用中游刃有余。此外,该书还揭示了媒体和情报领域之间的秘密联系,这些联系在美国新闻业的发展史上留下了浓墨重彩的一笔。
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引用次数: 0
Critique-in-the-loop of news production 新闻制作的循环评论
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241263326
Toussaint Nothias
This article reflects on the genesis, value, and limits of an experimental project aiming to challenge the production of stereotypes in news production. Specifically, I discuss the development of a tool - the Africa Stereotype Scanner – designed for journalists to analyze the linguistic content of their articles, identify stereotypes and frames, and reflect on their writing practices. I explain how this project was born from an iterative dialogue between critical scholarship and journalistic practice. Beyond a too familiar scholar-journalist rift, I outline how this project sought to break down epistemological boundaries between journalism and academia. This collaborative project, I argue, provides an example of how critical research can seek to enhance journalistic reporting and, dialectically, how an engagement with the field leads to new questions and invites another type of knowledge production. This critique-in-the-loop model paves the way for critical journalism scholarship that wrestles further with its normative foundations, elucidates its practical implications, and plays a role in generative interventions.
本文反思了一个实验项目的起源、价值和局限,该项目旨在挑战新闻报道中的刻板印象。具体而言,我讨论了一个工具--非洲刻板印象扫描仪--的开发过程,该工具旨在帮助记者分析其文章的语言内容,识别刻板印象和框架,并反思其写作实践。我解释了这一项目如何诞生于批判性学术研究与新闻实践之间的反复对话。除了人们过于熟悉的学者与记者之间的裂痕,我还概述了该项目如何寻求打破新闻业与学术界之间的认识论界限。我认为,这一合作项目提供了一个范例,说明批判性研究如何努力加强新闻报道,并辩证地说明与该领域的接触如何引出新的问题,并带来另一种类型的知识生产。这种 "循环批判 "模式为批判性新闻学术研究铺平了道路,这种学术研究将进一步探讨其规范性基础,阐明其实际意义,并在生成性干预中发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
Diverse news, diverse perceptions? Investigating the effects of actor and viewpoint diversity in news content on audience perceptions and opinions 多样化的新闻,多样化的看法?调查新闻内容中演员和观点多样性对受众认知和观点的影响
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241264130
Kathleen Beckers
This study examines journalism’s role in bridging divides by presenting diverse perspectives in societal debates. While prior research has emphasized the significance of diverse news content, this study investigates how audiences perceive and value such diversity and its impact on their attitudes. Through an online experiment in the Flemish (Belgian) context, it was found that actor diversity is more noticeable, yet increasing diversity in actors and viewpoints does not enhance a news item’s perceived credibility. Moreover, although people are influenced in the direction of the viewpoint provided in a one-sided article, it appears that when a diversity of viewpoints is presented, people tend to primarily consider those opinions that already align with their pre-existing viewpoints. By gaining a deeper understanding of how audiences receive news coverage, journalists can critically evaluate the voices they present and contribute to a more diverse public debate.
本研究探讨了新闻业通过在社会辩论中展现不同观点来弥合分歧的作用。以往的研究强调新闻内容多样化的重要性,而本研究则探讨受众如何看待和重视这种多样化及其对受众态度的影响。通过在佛兰德(比利时)进行在线实验,研究发现,行为者的多样性更引人注目,但增加行为者和观点的多样性并不能提高新闻的可信度。此外,虽然人们会受片面文章观点的影响,但当观点多样化时,人们似乎倾向于主要考虑那些与其已有观点一致的观点。通过深入了解受众是如何接受新闻报道的,记者可以批判性地评估他们所呈现的声音,并为更多样化的公共辩论做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Concerns about the role of artificial intelligence in journalism, and media manipulation 对人工智能在新闻业中的作用以及媒体操纵的担忧
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241263293
Simon Mahony, Qing Chen
Artificial Intelligence is a term used frequently in academic and other writing, but do we have a clear understanding of what it means? This article starts from first principles, taking a dialectic approach, to raise questions rather than give prescriptive answers. It unpacks some specific examples of the use of AI in journalism and automated approaches to news reporting. The manipulation of media has become commonplace and of greater interest as information itself can be used as an effective weapon to sow confusion and disruption, socially as well as politically. AI depends on the training data and modelling, but the sampling and engineering is done by humans with all the potential for bias, whether intentional or not. Biased datasets and the potential for uncertainty are constant dangers; we need to understand both the data and the processes that go into the AI-driven results, and always be prepared to question everything.
人工智能是一个在学术和其他文章中经常使用的术语,但我们对它的含义有清晰的认识吗?本文从最初的原则出发,采用辩证的方法,提出问题而不是给出规定性的答案。文章将举例说明人工智能在新闻业中的应用以及新闻报道的自动化方法。对媒体的操纵已变得司空见惯,而且更加引人关注,因为信息本身可以作为一种有效的武器,在社会和政治上制造混乱和破坏。人工智能依赖于训练数据和建模,但取样和工程是由人类完成的,无论有意还是无意,都有可能产生偏差。有偏见的数据集和潜在的不确定性是持续存在的危险;我们需要了解数据和人工智能驱动结果的过程,并时刻准备质疑一切。
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引用次数: 0
The uncompromising way: Several lessons from homeless journalists 不妥协的方式无家可归记者的几个教训
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241264104
Vojtěch Dvořák
The radical role of media is about challenging norms, advocating for justice, and amplifying marginalized voices. One such group is the unhoused population. The media owe them a debt by perpetuating disempowering narratives and stereotypes about homelessness. This article examines the practices of unhoused individuals engaged in participatory community journalism and their implications for professional journalists. Based on over 3 years of participatory action and critical ethnography research in the Czech Republic and Colorado, it presents several lessons for journalists to learn from homeless journalists. The findings show that involving unhoused people in journalism can equalize inevitably unequal power relations and promote truth-seeking. The article highlights that the highest forms of media participation may not always be the most empowering, and instead, promoting dialogue through partnership is crucial. Ultimately, it calls on professional journalists to embrace the new radical role by critically examining their power and being open to sharing or giving it up for the benefit of marginalized voices.
媒体的激进作用在于挑战规范、倡导正义、放大边缘化的声音。无家可归者就是这样一个群体。媒体对无家可归者的诋毁和刻板印象长期存在,这是对他们的亏欠。本文探讨了无家可归者参与社区新闻报道的实践及其对专业记者的影响。根据在捷克共和国和科罗拉多州进行的三年多参与式行动和批判性人种学研究,文章提出了记者应向无家可归记者学习的几条经验。研究结果表明,让无家可归者参与新闻报道,可以平衡不可避免的不平等权力关系,促进寻求真相。文章强调,媒体参与的最高形式可能并不总是最有力量的,相反,通过伙伴关系促进对话至关重要。最后,文章呼吁专业记者接受新的激进角色,批判性地审视自己的权力,并愿意为边缘化声音的利益分享或放弃权力。
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引用次数: 0
Mothers, terrorists, or victims? The framing of Dutch and Belgian women in the Syrian camps and the question of repatriation in news media 母亲、恐怖分子还是受害者?新闻媒体对叙利亚难民营中的荷兰和比利时妇女以及遣返问题的报道
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241255561
Ronja Bossen, Yazan Badran
Following the fall of ISIS in March 2019, thousands of women affiliated with the movement, along with their children, were brought to Kurdish-controlled camps in north-eastern Syria. Since then, an international, political, and juridical debate raged on regarding the repatriation of Western female detainees in the camps and their children. This paper aims to evaluate how Dutch and Belgian women in the Syrian camps have been framed by their national news media in the context of political discussions on their repatriation. Our qualitative framing analysis identifies six distinct framing packages: the criminal, terrorist, victim, regret, mother, and bad parent frames. Moreover, our analysis highlights how the frames, and their intersection with different modes of othering, shifted as the debate moved to the question of their repatriation. Finally, we also discuss differences in the framing, argumentation, and frame advocates between the two contexts.
ISIS 于 2019 年 3 月垮台后,数千名与该运动有关联的妇女及其子女被带到叙利亚东北部库尔德人控制的难民营。从那时起,一场关于遣返难民营中西方女性被拘留者及其子女的国际、政治和司法辩论就开始了。本文旨在评估在有关遣返的政治讨论中,本国新闻媒体是如何对叙利亚难民营中的荷兰和比利时女性进行报道的。我们的定性框架分析确定了六种不同的框架组合:罪犯框架、恐怖分子框架、受害者框架、遗憾框架、母亲框架和坏父母框架。此外,我们的分析还强调了这些框架以及它们与不同的他者化模式之间的交集是如何随着辩论转移到他们的遣返问题上而发生变化的。最后,我们还讨论了两种背景下的框架、论证和框架倡导者之间的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Subjectivity conditioned by narrative form: A narratological approach to emotion in narrative journalism 受叙事形式制约的主观性:从叙事学角度研究叙事新闻中的情感
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241257116
Cecilia Aare
In recent years, media researchers have displayed an increased interest in emotion as an element of the content in both news journalism and narrative journalism. These studies lack a theoretical definition of emotion and do not usually specify what characterizes narrative journalism more than it being “not objective” and, consequently, not similar to conventional journalism. In practice, they identify emotion through frames of personalization or explicit expressions of feelings and evaluations. However, narrative journalism integrates implicitly conveyed emotion. To enable a broader understanding of the function of emotion in narrative journalism, this article gives examples of and analyzes how emotion and the related concept subjectivity is used and discussed in two different fields of research: social sciences-influenced journalism studies and literature-influenced studies. The dualistic view on journalism as either subjective or objective is questioned when narrative journalism (also known as reportage or literary journalism) is placed in a professional context, where the genre is based on its own tradition and represents its own form of knowledge, due to its main characteristic: a narrative form. Finally, the article demonstrates how tools drawn from narratology can illuminate diverse storytelling techniques that transmit emotion implicitly rather than explicitly.
近年来,媒体研究人员对作为新闻报道和叙事新闻内容要素的情感表现出越来越浓厚的兴趣。这些研究缺乏对情感的理论定义,通常也没有明确说明叙事新闻的特点,只是说它 "不客观",因此与传统新闻不同。在实践中,它们通过个性化框架或明确表达情感和评价来确定情感。然而,叙事新闻融合了隐性传达的情感。为了更广泛地理解情感在叙事新闻中的作用,本文举例分析了情感及相关概念 "主观性 "在受社会科学影响的新闻研究和受文学影响的研究这两个不同研究领域中的使用和讨论情况。当叙事新闻(也称报告文学或文学新闻)被置于专业背景下时,关于新闻是主观还是客观的二元论观点受到了质疑,叙事新闻体裁基于其自身的传统,并因其主要特征:叙事形式而代表了自身的知识形式。最后,文章展示了从叙事学中汲取的工具如何能够阐明以隐性而非显性方式传递情感的各种叙事技巧。
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引用次数: 0
Journalists’ authority and its bounded trade; Twitter, journalists, and boundary work in contemporary France’s music scene 记者的权威及其受约束的行业;推特、记者和当代法国音乐界的边界工作
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241255941
Gilles Bastin, Clément Bert-Erboul
Journalists, it is widely admitted, are engaged in new forms of boundary work on social media platforms, seeking to uphold their influence over news dissemination. This study focuses on music festivals as a case study to examine journalists' endeavors in maintaining their authority on social media. We analyze Twitter coverage of music festivals in France during the summer of 2018, systematically collecting data from 16 festivals of varying sizes and musical genres. Through this analysis, we investigate journalists' engagement and evaluate the trading of authority with other stakeholders through mentioning practices. Our findings challenge the prevailing notion of journalists as primary arbiters of authority on social media platforms. Despite their conspicuous presence during music festivals on Twitter, journalists emerge as relatively passive participants compared to other stakeholders in the music scene. Moreover, their ability to assert or receive authority from the broader public sphere is limited. This study sheds light on the bounded nature of journalists' boundary work on social media platforms, emphasizing the evolving dynamics of authority within digital information ecosystems.
人们普遍承认,新闻记者在社交媒体平台上从事着新形式的边界工作,力图维护自己对新闻传播的影响力。本研究以音乐节为案例,探讨记者在社交媒体上维护自身权威的努力。我们分析了2018年夏季法国音乐节的推特报道,系统地收集了16个不同规模和音乐类型的音乐节的数据。通过分析,我们调查了记者的参与情况,并评估了通过提及实践与其他利益相关者进行权威交易的情况。我们的研究结果对记者在社交媒体平台上作为主要权威仲裁者的普遍观念提出了质疑。尽管记者在音乐节期间在 Twitter 上的存在十分显眼,但与音乐场景中的其他利益相关者相比,他们是相对被动的参与者。此外,他们从更广泛的公共领域主张或接受权威的能力也很有限。本研究揭示了记者在社交媒体平台上的边界工作的限制性,强调了数字信息生态系统中不断演变的权威动态。
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引用次数: 0
From the political to the personal: Constructing politicians’ biographies in the Nick Robinson podcast ‘Political Thinking’ 从政治到个人:尼克-罗宾逊播客 "政治思考 "中政治家传记的构建
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241255208
Maxwell Modell
Political podcasts have captured a global audience and emerged as an important innovation space in journalism. One of the most popular formats is the ‘extended interview podcast’. This study employs conversation analysis to examine how this format has been used to facilitate more personal and informal encounters between journalists and politicians who are usually associated with the accountability news interview. BBC Radio 4’s podcast ‘ Political Thinking with Nick Robinson’ is used as a case study. The analysis shows that Political Thinking provides a discursive context for politicians to construct and perform their personal identities, in contrast to their traditionally more formalised political performance as institutional representatives. The looser structure of the podcast, relative to the tightly scheduled news interview, affords Robinson the discursive space for more reflexive handling of politicians’ personal narratives. Talk is mutually co-operative and conversational. Similarly to the celebrity talk show Political Thinking has an experiential focus, oriented towards the narrative exploration of personal experience as a device to contextualise politicians’ careers and value systems. This is complemented with more playful sequences in which Robinson collaborates with politicians to curate their non-political identities and reveal details of their personality that may help the audience to see them in a new light. Through this process, politicians become personal storytellers, whose thoughts, emotions and non-political identities are brought to the fore above issues of policy and current affairs. In turn, Robinson allows politicians to bridge the gap between their institutional identities as politicians and their personal reflections as individuals.
政治播客已经吸引了全球受众,并成为新闻业的一个重要创新领域。其中最受欢迎的形式之一是 "扩展采访播客"。本研究采用会话分析法来研究这种形式如何被用于促进记者与政治家之间更为个人化和非正式的接触,而这种接触通常与责任新闻采访联系在一起。BBC 广播 4 台的播客 "尼克-罗宾逊的政治思考 "被用作案例研究。分析表明,"政治思考 "为政治家提供了一个构建和表现个人身份的话语环境,这与他们作为机构代表传统上更为正式的政治表现形成了鲜明对比。与安排紧凑的新闻采访相比,播客的结构较为松散,这为罗宾逊提供了话语空间,使其能够更自省地处理政治家的个人叙事。谈话是相互合作和对话的。与名人访谈节目类似,《政治思考》也注重体验,以个人经历的叙事探索为导向,将政治家的职业生涯和价值体系融入其中。此外,罗宾逊还与政治家们合作,通过游戏的方式来策划他们的非政治身份,并揭示他们的个性细节,从而帮助观众从新的角度看待他们。通过这一过程,政治家们成为了个人故事的讲述者,他们的思想、情感和非政治身份在政策和时事问题之上被凸显出来。反过来,罗宾逊也使政治家能够弥合其作为政治家的机构身份与作为个人的个人思考之间的差距。
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引用次数: 0
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Journalism
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