Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-08-20DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04135-z
Sneha A Sankaran, Anilkumar S Harugop, Yashita Singh, Mansi A R Venkatramanan
The sinus tympani is a deep pocket of varying dimensions situated in the retrotympanum. It lies medial to the facial nerve thereby making surgical access difficult. It is this area which is frequently involved in chronic otitis media attico-antral type. Removal of disease from sinus tympani is cumbersome and expedites Cholesteatoma Recidivism. In India, very limited studies have been conducted describing the variations of Sinus tympani. Hence, this study is dedicated to estimating it's variations in volume. This is a one-year Observational Cross-sectional study conducted between January 2020 to December 2020 in Temporal Bone Dissection Lab of Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, J. N. Medical College, KAHER, Belgaum. 40 Human temporal bone (both left and right) have been dissected. The middle ear cavity was filled carefully with a moulding material i.e. Otoform. Once set, a 3-dimensional model of the middle ear cavity was made, which was removed carefully without causing any damage. The volume of the middle ear cavity was calculated. The other contents and parameters were measured using a measuring probe. Forty bones were dissected. The volume of the sinus tympani was measured to be 8.77 cubic mm with a range of 6.5 cubic mm to. 10.9 cubic mm hence showing that sinus tympani show a larger variability in terms of size, shape and volume. The ponticulus was Complete in 65% of the cases (26 bones) and incomplete in 35% of the cases (14 bones). The ponticulus and subiculum were found to be complete in a well pneumatized mastoid bone. The volume of the middle ear cavity was measured to be 1.17 cubic cm. The sinus tympani volume was calculated in this study employing a novel technique called the Otoform mould in cadaveric temporal bones, enabling for accurate measurement. The study concluded that sinus tympani showed a wide range in volume thus owing that it is the structure which has highest variability in terms of size and shape in the middle ear.
{"title":"Application of Otoform to Study Variations of Sinus Tympani: A Novel Technique.","authors":"Sneha A Sankaran, Anilkumar S Harugop, Yashita Singh, Mansi A R Venkatramanan","doi":"10.1007/s12070-023-04135-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12070-023-04135-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sinus tympani is a deep pocket of varying dimensions situated in the retrotympanum. It lies medial to the facial nerve thereby making surgical access difficult. It is this area which is frequently involved in chronic otitis media attico-antral type. Removal of disease from sinus tympani is cumbersome and expedites Cholesteatoma Recidivism. In India, very limited studies have been conducted describing the variations of Sinus tympani. Hence, this study is dedicated to estimating it's variations in volume. This is a one-year Observational Cross-sectional study conducted between January 2020 to December 2020 in Temporal Bone Dissection Lab of Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, J. N. Medical College, KAHER, Belgaum. 40 Human temporal bone (both left and right) have been dissected. The middle ear cavity was filled carefully with a moulding material i.e. Otoform. Once set, a 3-dimensional model of the middle ear cavity was made, which was removed carefully without causing any damage. The volume of the middle ear cavity was calculated. The other contents and parameters were measured using a measuring probe. Forty bones were dissected. The volume of the sinus tympani was measured to be 8.77 cubic mm with a range of 6.5 cubic mm to. 10.9 cubic mm hence showing that sinus tympani show a larger variability in terms of size, shape and volume. The ponticulus was Complete in 65% of the cases (26 bones) and incomplete in 35% of the cases (14 bones). The ponticulus and subiculum were found to be complete in a well pneumatized mastoid bone. The volume of the middle ear cavity was measured to be 1.17 cubic cm. The sinus tympani volume was calculated in this study employing a novel technique called the Otoform mould in cadaveric temporal bones, enabling for accurate measurement. The study concluded that sinus tympani showed a wide range in volume thus owing that it is the structure which has highest variability in terms of size and shape in the middle ear.</p>","PeriodicalId":51447,"journal":{"name":"New Political Economy","volume":"10 1","pages":"245-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10908706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81973495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-07DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2023.2298199
Trissia Wijaya, Kanishka Jayasuriya
{"title":"Militarised neoliberalism and the reconstruction of the global political economy","authors":"Trissia Wijaya, Kanishka Jayasuriya","doi":"10.1080/13563467.2023.2298199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2023.2298199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51447,"journal":{"name":"New Political Economy","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2023.2294744
Vegard Tørstad, Jonas Nahm, Jon Hovi, Tora Skodvin, Gard Olav Dietrichson
Existing research has demonstrated that government policies often prioritise growth over climate during economic downturns. Yet government stimulus spending during economic downturns also offers an...
{"title":"Economic recessions and decarbonisation: analysing green stimulus spending in Canada and the US","authors":"Vegard Tørstad, Jonas Nahm, Jon Hovi, Tora Skodvin, Gard Olav Dietrichson","doi":"10.1080/13563467.2023.2294744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2023.2294744","url":null,"abstract":"Existing research has demonstrated that government policies often prioritise growth over climate during economic downturns. Yet government stimulus spending during economic downturns also offers an...","PeriodicalId":51447,"journal":{"name":"New Political Economy","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138825452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2023.2287455
Sabine Frerichs
{"title":"The origins of fairness in economic experiments: how evolutionary behavioural economics makes a case for\u0000 doux commerce","authors":"Sabine Frerichs","doi":"10.1080/13563467.2023.2287455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2023.2287455","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51447,"journal":{"name":"New Political Economy","volume":"46 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2023.2279077
Merve Sancak
This article combines the comparative political economy of skill formation literature with the one on growth models to analyse the state's role in skill systems of late industrialising countries. It focuses on Mexico and Turkey, which constitute crucial cases for a most similar case analysis. The article shows that Mexico and Turkey followed different growth models after their economic liberalisation, which led to distinct state roles in two key skill system institutions, namely the minimum wage and the vocational education and training (VET) system. In Mexico, the state aligned these institutions with the ‘dependent-downgrading' growth model, which was reliant on external demand and investments with low industrial upgrading and sometimes downgrading, and minimal working-class cohesion. Minimising labour costs was prioritised to attract foreign investment and to reduce the prices of exports, leading to extremely low wages and a liberal VET system in Mexico. In Turkey, the growth model was ‘domestic-upgrading’ with higher role of domestic investments and demand, and some improvements in industrial upgrading and working-class social cohesion. Ensuring high minimum wage and comprehensive VET system constituted key strategies for the state to maintain this growth model in Turkey, leading to relatively higher minimum wage and a statist VET system.
{"title":"Why do national skill systems vary? The state’s role in skill system institutions for maintaining growth models","authors":"Merve Sancak","doi":"10.1080/13563467.2023.2279077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2023.2279077","url":null,"abstract":"This article combines the comparative political economy of skill formation literature with the one on growth models to analyse the state's role in skill systems of late industrialising countries. It focuses on Mexico and Turkey, which constitute crucial cases for a most similar case analysis. The article shows that Mexico and Turkey followed different growth models after their economic liberalisation, which led to distinct state roles in two key skill system institutions, namely the minimum wage and the vocational education and training (VET) system. In Mexico, the state aligned these institutions with the ‘dependent-downgrading' growth model, which was reliant on external demand and investments with low industrial upgrading and sometimes downgrading, and minimal working-class cohesion. Minimising labour costs was prioritised to attract foreign investment and to reduce the prices of exports, leading to extremely low wages and a liberal VET system in Mexico. In Turkey, the growth model was ‘domestic-upgrading’ with higher role of domestic investments and demand, and some improvements in industrial upgrading and working-class social cohesion. Ensuring high minimum wage and comprehensive VET system constituted key strategies for the state to maintain this growth model in Turkey, leading to relatively higher minimum wage and a statist VET system.","PeriodicalId":51447,"journal":{"name":"New Political Economy","volume":"123 43","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2023.2275014
Havva Ezgi Dogru
ABSTRACTThe mass-scale expansion of student loan schemes in Turkey over the last two decades has been accomplished by a governance technique which the article defines as authoritarian debtfarism. By restructuring the Credit and Dormitories Institution (KYK) as subordinated to the executive and insulated from democratic intervention, the authoritarian neoliberal state in Turkey has sought to fulfil its new economic function, i.e. enabling the societal reproduction of the youth by increasing their financial dependency on credit money. The state-led student loan expansion in Turkey emerged in a tuition-free higher education setting without a sophisticated financial infrastructure and in an economic environment marked with perpetual graduate unemployment as well as inflationary pressures on repayment amounts. Based on a detailed interrogation of the official documents and in-depth interviews with defaulters, this article argues that authoritarian debtfarism has imposed a rigid market discipline over the university youth by using non-transparency and arbitrariness as its governance mechanisms. Consequently, future labour of the graduates is put on hold through a long-term debt relation, compelling them to integrate into labour market precariously as a new segment of the relative surplus population.KEYWORDS: Student loan politicsTurkeyauthoritarianismdebthigher education AcknowledgementsI am thankful for the feedback received on a previous version of this paper, which was presented at the 17th National Social Science Congress organised by the Turkish Social Sciences Association in February 2023. The author expresses gratitude to Susanne Soederberg, Canan Şahin, and Rebecca Hall for their valuable feedback.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Like Turkey, China, India and Brazil experienced a rapid increase in their gross enrollment rates. To illustrate, from 2001 to 2021, the GER increased from 8 to 64 per cent in China, from 10 in to 31 per cent in India and from 21 to 55 per cent in Brazil (Ziderman Citation2023, World Bank Citation2023a). This trend was accompanied with the expansion of student loans, with 30 per cent of the total university students taking loans in China (Yang Citation2017), 26 per cent in India (Chalil Citation2021), 40 per cent in Brazil (Lavinas et al. Citation2019) and 27 per cent in Turkey (see Figure 2). The reason why time reference for these countries is not standardised is a lack of data regarding the countries mentioned.2 While accurate default rates are unavailable, non-performing assets rose in the late 2010s, which reaches one-third in some states of India (Chalil Citation2021, p. 128) and 30 per cent in some underdeveloped regions in China (Cai et al. Citation2019, p. 98), 47 per cent in Brazil (Lavinas et al. Citation2019).3 The data is retrieved from the same source used for Figure 2. Please see the endnote 14.4 These figures have been computed using data from TU
摘要过去二十年来，土耳其学生贷款计划的大规模扩张是通过一种治理技术完成的，本文将其定义为专制债务主义。通过重组信贷和宿舍机构(KYK)，使其从属于行政部门，不受民主干预，土耳其的威权主义新自由主义国家试图实现其新的经济功能，即通过增加年轻人对信贷货币的经济依赖，使他们能够实现社会再生产。土耳其政府主导的学生贷款扩张，是在高等教育免学费的背景下出现的，没有成熟的金融基础设施，而且经济环境的特点是毕业生永远失业，还款金额面临通胀压力。本文通过对官方文件的详细询问和对违约者的深入访谈，认为威权债务主义以不透明和随意性作为治理机制，对大学青年施加了严格的市场纪律。因此，通过长期债务关系，毕业生的未来劳动力被搁置，迫使他们作为相对过剩人口的新部分不稳定地融入劳动力市场。关键词:学生贷款政治sturkeyauthorarianismdebdeber教育致谢感谢收到的对本文前一版本的反馈，该版本于2023年2月由土耳其社会科学协会组织的第17届全国社会科学大会上发表。作者对Susanne Soederberg, Canan Şahin和Rebecca Hall的宝贵反馈表示感谢。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1与土耳其一样，中国、印度和巴西的毛入学率也出现了快速增长。举例来说，从2001年到2021年，中国的GER从8%上升到64%，印度从10%上升到31%，巴西从21%上升到55% (Ziderman Citation2023, World Bank Citation2023a)。这一趋势伴随着学生贷款的扩大，中国有30%的大学生贷款(Yang Citation2017)，印度有26% (Chalil Citation2021)，巴西有40% (Lavinas等)。Citation2019)和土耳其的27%(见图2)。这些国家的时间参考没有标准化的原因是缺乏有关上述国家的数据虽然无法获得准确的违约率，但不良资产在2010年代末有所上升，在印度的一些州达到了三分之一(Chalil Citation2021, p. 128)，在中国的一些不发达地区达到了30% (Cai等)。Citation2019, p. 98)，巴西47% (Lavinas et al.)。Citation2019)。3数据是从图2中使用的相同源中检索的。这些数据是根据TUIK 2022年第四季度统计数据和İŞKUR 2023年1月统计数据计算得出的，由“年轻失业”平台编制。该计划由社会科学家组成，旨在通过每月提供数据见解来支持和联系失业青年。可从https://gencissizler.org/2023/02/17/genc-issizlik-bulteni-subat-2023/获得[2023年5月10日访问]我每年使用“贷款金额”(代码08)计算学生债务与GDP的比率，这些贷款金额来自于KYK和青年和体育部的CoA报告。与全球北方高度金融化的学生贷款体系相反，由于学生贷款组合与GDP的比例很大，违约率上升对经济产生了传染效应，美国为6.5% (Kirney和tanzei Citation2022)，英国为5.5% (Keep和Bolton Citation2018)，到2021年，学生贷款与GDP的比例都不会达到0.097%，违约率的数量也不会对土耳其经济造成灾难性影响(学生贷款金额与GDP之比如下:2013年为0.15126%;2014年为0.22972%;2015年为0.15958%;2016年为0.21313%;2017年为0.18894%;0.17115% 2018;2019年0.16144%;2020年为0.13714%;2021年为0.09662%)Koç， sabancyi， Özyeğin和ya<e:1>大学是由tusiad的有影响力的成员建立和私人拥有的。7作者的新研究是关于传统城市中心以外的大规模项目与次国家发展之间的联系。这本参考书是一本详尽记录的新闻报道，详细描述了学生们的经历以及他们在当地剥削性经济中遇到的困难私立基础大学的数量也从2005年的26所增加到2022年的79所，增长了近三倍。
{"title":"The politics of student loan in Turkey: regimenting the youth through <i>authoritarian debtfarism</i>","authors":"Havva Ezgi Dogru","doi":"10.1080/13563467.2023.2275014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2023.2275014","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe mass-scale expansion of student loan schemes in Turkey over the last two decades has been accomplished by a governance technique which the article defines as authoritarian debtfarism. By restructuring the Credit and Dormitories Institution (KYK) as subordinated to the executive and insulated from democratic intervention, the authoritarian neoliberal state in Turkey has sought to fulfil its new economic function, i.e. enabling the societal reproduction of the youth by increasing their financial dependency on credit money. The state-led student loan expansion in Turkey emerged in a tuition-free higher education setting without a sophisticated financial infrastructure and in an economic environment marked with perpetual graduate unemployment as well as inflationary pressures on repayment amounts. Based on a detailed interrogation of the official documents and in-depth interviews with defaulters, this article argues that authoritarian debtfarism has imposed a rigid market discipline over the university youth by using non-transparency and arbitrariness as its governance mechanisms. Consequently, future labour of the graduates is put on hold through a long-term debt relation, compelling them to integrate into labour market precariously as a new segment of the relative surplus population.KEYWORDS: Student loan politicsTurkeyauthoritarianismdebthigher education AcknowledgementsI am thankful for the feedback received on a previous version of this paper, which was presented at the 17th National Social Science Congress organised by the Turkish Social Sciences Association in February 2023. The author expresses gratitude to Susanne Soederberg, Canan Şahin, and Rebecca Hall for their valuable feedback.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Like Turkey, China, India and Brazil experienced a rapid increase in their gross enrollment rates. To illustrate, from 2001 to 2021, the GER increased from 8 to 64 per cent in China, from 10 in to 31 per cent in India and from 21 to 55 per cent in Brazil (Ziderman Citation2023, World Bank Citation2023a). This trend was accompanied with the expansion of student loans, with 30 per cent of the total university students taking loans in China (Yang Citation2017), 26 per cent in India (Chalil Citation2021), 40 per cent in Brazil (Lavinas et al. Citation2019) and 27 per cent in Turkey (see Figure 2). The reason why time reference for these countries is not standardised is a lack of data regarding the countries mentioned.2 While accurate default rates are unavailable, non-performing assets rose in the late 2010s, which reaches one-third in some states of India (Chalil Citation2021, p. 128) and 30 per cent in some underdeveloped regions in China (Cai et al. Citation2019, p. 98), 47 per cent in Brazil (Lavinas et al. Citation2019).3 The data is retrieved from the same source used for Figure 2. Please see the endnote 14.4 These figures have been computed using data from TU","PeriodicalId":51447,"journal":{"name":"New Political Economy","volume":"338 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2023.2275017
Tobias Haas
Various analyses show that right-wing populist parties (RWP) tend to be sceptical of climate science and policy. This points to a blank space in the dominant analyses of populism: their blindness towards society-nature relations. This paper aims to develop an approach grounded in Cultural Political Economy (CPE) that can be used to decipher the mediation of RWP within the context of economic, political, and cultural developments as well as society–nature relations. Against this background, the argument is developed that RWP is concerned not only with countering migration and processes of societal liberalisation, but also with defending an existing way of life that is firmly rooted in the destructive appropriation of nature. As a current of right-wing politics, RWP defends the imperial mode of living by expressing scepticism towards the existence of anthropogenic climate change. The paper contributes to a better understanding of the political economy of RWP by linking the dimensions of social domination with the appropriation of nature.
{"title":"On the links between climate scepticism and right-wing populism (RWP): an explanatory approach based on cultural political economy (CPE)","authors":"Tobias Haas","doi":"10.1080/13563467.2023.2275017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2023.2275017","url":null,"abstract":"Various analyses show that right-wing populist parties (RWP) tend to be sceptical of climate science and policy. This points to a blank space in the dominant analyses of populism: their blindness towards society-nature relations. This paper aims to develop an approach grounded in Cultural Political Economy (CPE) that can be used to decipher the mediation of RWP within the context of economic, political, and cultural developments as well as society–nature relations. Against this background, the argument is developed that RWP is concerned not only with countering migration and processes of societal liberalisation, but also with defending an existing way of life that is firmly rooted in the destructive appropriation of nature. As a current of right-wing politics, RWP defends the imperial mode of living by expressing scepticism towards the existence of anthropogenic climate change. The paper contributes to a better understanding of the political economy of RWP by linking the dimensions of social domination with the appropriation of nature.","PeriodicalId":51447,"journal":{"name":"New Political Economy","volume":" 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2023.2275008
Pedro M. Rey-Araújo
{"title":"Social reproduction theory and the capitalist ‘form’ of social reproduction","authors":"Pedro M. Rey-Araújo","doi":"10.1080/13563467.2023.2275008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2023.2275008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51447,"journal":{"name":"New Political Economy","volume":"65 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2023.2268018
Daniela Lai
The article argues for taking political economy seriously in the study of corporate accountability in transitional justice processes. Corporate actors are now commonly involved in transitional justice (that is, attempts at doing justice in the aftermath of mass violence). However, the literature is still limited by an inclination to treat political economy as context, rather than as a structuring factor intervening both on the war-related or authoritarian violence and on the efforts to make corporate actors accountable. This article proposes three shifts towards a better understanding of the political economy of corporate accountability in TJ: from a focus on the proximate economic causes of war to a genealogical view of pre-war, wartime and post-war economies; towards a more holistic view of conflict financing; and from an emphasis on the political economy of war to the political economy of violence. These shifts allow us to analyse a greater variety of political economies of corporate accountability, address more diffuse responsibilities for violence and injustice, and cover forms of violence that extend over longer periods of time. While holding broader relevance for the field, the arguments are illustrated with reference to the former Yugoslav region and the Bosnian War.
{"title":"Beyond context: taking political economy seriously in the study of corporate accountability","authors":"Daniela Lai","doi":"10.1080/13563467.2023.2268018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2023.2268018","url":null,"abstract":"The article argues for taking political economy seriously in the study of corporate accountability in transitional justice processes. Corporate actors are now commonly involved in transitional justice (that is, attempts at doing justice in the aftermath of mass violence). However, the literature is still limited by an inclination to treat political economy as context, rather than as a structuring factor intervening both on the war-related or authoritarian violence and on the efforts to make corporate actors accountable. This article proposes three shifts towards a better understanding of the political economy of corporate accountability in TJ: from a focus on the proximate economic causes of war to a genealogical view of pre-war, wartime and post-war economies; towards a more holistic view of conflict financing; and from an emphasis on the political economy of war to the political economy of violence. These shifts allow us to analyse a greater variety of political economies of corporate accountability, address more diffuse responsibilities for violence and injustice, and cover forms of violence that extend over longer periods of time. While holding broader relevance for the field, the arguments are illustrated with reference to the former Yugoslav region and the Bosnian War.","PeriodicalId":51447,"journal":{"name":"New Political Economy","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2023.2268038
Giorgos Gouzoulis
This paper argues that rising household indebtedness is associated with the decline of organised labour. Over the last decades, the financial system is increasingly financing working-class households, and recent research shows that indebted employees become more risk-averse at the workplace on the fear of losing their job and defaulting. Thus, since union formation or participation is commonly punished with redundancy, rising household indebtedness is likely to be associated with the aggregate reduction in unionisation. This study examines this argument for a high-, a mid-, and low-unionisation economy over the period 1965–2018: Sweden, Japan, and South Korea, respectively. Regression analysis provides robust support in favour of this argument. The results also suggest that financial regulation and social norms about personal insolvency matter for the size of the effects of household debt on unionisation.
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